Iimveliso Medical: list. iimveliso Medical, namayeza afanelekileyo, ziphele

Kuba abantu zonyango basoloko iphathwa njengento engafikelelekiyo engcwele, Akukwazi kubantu abaqhelekileyo. uphethwe nzima, igama izithako ezisebenzayo iziyobisi - konke oku lula yahlula ukungazi kwabantu. Amaninzi zifumaneka ezikhemisti kunye namagama "uluhlu" imveliso Imithi ", ogama intsingiselo akusoloko kucacile. Ngoko ke, yintoni iqukiwe kolu luhlu, yaye yintoni ulwazi lwakhe kunokubaluncedo umthengi eqhelekileyo?

Yintoni na?

Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba uluhlu amayeza kunye neemveliso zonyango kuquka iimveliso ezenziwe ngeglasi, iipholima, irabha, eyalukiweyo kunye nezinye izinto, oku kuquka nezinto ezithile kunye nezinto uvavanyo kubo, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kuthetha ukuba kusetyenziswa amayeza.

Kaninzi oku kusetyenziswa xa izinto musa zifuna ukulungiswa ekhethekileyo. Xa kwimarike kweemveliso kwamayeza ziqukiwe kuluhlu "ngeemveliso zamachiza", okuthetha-20% yemali iyonke kwempahla. Ngelishwa, kuphela yesihlanu ezi mveliso ukuba zenziwa kanjani kwamanye amazwe.

Wezenzi, iziqwengana uvavanyo kunye nezinye iindlela pre-kwesifo

Masishukume kwi imizekelo eziphathekayo. uluhlu eziphunyeziweyo kuqala wezenzi ezahlukeneyo phakathi enokufumaneka imicu zokulinganisa amanqanaba iswekile egazini kunye Ubhaqo neziyobisi nezixhobo iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo elebhu (ezinye iintlobo asidi, alkalis kunye nezinye nezinto). Eli qela kunganxulunyaniswa, kunye neziphawuli zinceda ukuvavanya kuphela isigulane, kodwa izixhobo zonyango (umzekelo, isibonisi nzala).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimveliso eli qela aba bantu zifikeleleke kakhulu abaqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo ikhaya kuyingxaki kakhulu. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi "umphakathi" iziqwengana ukusetyenziswa uvavanyo ezisetyenziswa kwimitha. Uyakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle liyeza, kunjalo, kufuneka ukwazi imodeli imitha ethile.

Efumanise izifo eziyingozi

Iqela elilandelayo ngobukhulu, nto leyo iqulathe uluhlu imveliso yezonyango evunyiweyo, - i-serum, ukuxilonga ezinye izifo ezinobungozi. Ezi ziquka amayeza yokumisela shigellosis, salmonellosis. Kukho kwakhona uluhlu antibiotics ezisisiseko, eligqala uvakalelo ezincinane ezibangela izifo kwiziyobisi ezithile. Loo umlinganiselo unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka kwemposiso oya amayeza ezingafanelekanga.

Iiglavu, ixhokonxa kunye yokuchamela - uluhlu consumables

Ngaphezu koko, uluhlu lweemveliso zonyango-2016, yaye kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iqulathe izinto eziliqela ukuba zisetyenziswa consumables. Apha neeglavu (ukusuka non-ludlolo, adla kusetyenziswa ngexesha uhlolo, ingakumbi iiglavu ezibhityileyo esetyenziswa yi neurosurgeons - uluhlu iquka amagama ahlukeneyo elinesibini esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza).

Oku kuquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ixhokonxa (isisu, iindlebe, iintsana ukondla), umchamo, oilcloth, esetyenziswa ezininzi zazo. lula ukuba iqela impahla, mhlawumbi omnye ibingumntu kolu luhlu.

Catheters, iinaliti kunye neesirinji kunabantu bonke imilo kunye nobukhulu

catheters ilandelwe, iinaliti kunye neesirinji - izinto zingambi kakhulu, kodwa kuyimfuneko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uluhlu "ngeemveliso zamachiza" iqulethe iindidi elinesibini embalwa catheters, ayifani nje kuphela ubukhulu kodwa umsebenzi wabo apha apho catheters yomchamo kunye nonikezelo, kwaye intramuscular, ngamanye amazwi, ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi. Yona inaliti, kukho iintlobo enkulu ezifanayo: ngaphandle yesiqhelo zonke iinaliti efakwa iisirinji ngenxa lwezitofu, kukho okuhlatywa inaliti lokugqojozwa kunye notyando - apha ke uluhlu kwempahla njengoko kakhulu. Iisirinji zahlukile, kwakunye catheters, kumsebenzi kunye nobukhulu, ukuqala kuncinci ukuya insulin metal ekhethekileyo isirinji ukuba ithoyilethi tonsils, ukongeza apho ngokubambisana neetyhubhu ezahlukeneyo.

Eli qela kunganxulunyaniswa nkqubo gazi, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ukuhlangula abantu abaninzi.

Zokubopha, iindidi amabhandeji

Asimele silibale malunga izincedisi ezahlukahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukubotshwa, uphendule umbuzo elibhekisela kuyo izixhobo zonyango. Olu luhlu luquka iintlobo izinto, ukusukela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo uboya kunye iiplasta ukuba amabhandeji ukutyabeka okhethekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuphila traumatology. Kwakhona iquka iintlobo izicwili: a amayeza abawaziyo, wayithi nkxu ezifana anti-ukudumba kunye iintlungu. Kakade ke, umntu kufuneka ukuba wayesazi amabhandeji, apho kwakhona kubandakanywe kweli qela. Kuludwe apho nenxeba ephilisa zokubopha, kunye nabo nje ukuvala amanxeba abo kunye nokutsha.

Ukuze zisetyenziswe kunye nokuhlolwa

kuba Uluhlu "ngeemveliso zamachiza" akaphelelanga ngaphandle ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ngethuba leemviwo nasebudeni zazo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka buso, zombini zoqhaqho neoksijini, kunye okanye ngaphandle analgesics. Kwi qela efanayo izibuko zotyando kunye izibuko ezikhusela amehlo kwimitha yelanga. Iqela elikhulu, kuluhlu "Ezinye" ubandakanya zombini ngomsonto zotyando, kunye namaphepha ukuba sibe electrocardiogram nezibuko zonyango, ngoko ngenkuthalo ezisetyenziswa bamazinyo kunye otolaryngologists.

izinto ezibonakala Nkqu ezinjengezo babe- ngenxa ultrasound, ifakiwe kule qela. Nje athi, nanga phantse zonke izinto ezisetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

Isetyenziswa ukuba iinkqubo eziyimfuneko kunye olunzulu izifundo

Uluhlu bezixhobo zonyango eziyimfuneko equlathe iiseti yonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ziphele ezisetyenziswa abo okanye enye nokuqhathwa. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ihaemodialysis kunye dialysis peritoneal, izifundo usebenzisa igesi-Flury kunye immunoanalizatora hromatogrofa (ngexesha apho ubukho uzimisele kweziyobisi iziyobisi kumguli). Zonke izinto eziyimfuneko, ukususela iinaliti ukuze wezenzi zifumaneka kolu luhlu lwe qela.

izixhobo ezizodwa kunye nezibonelelo

Okulandelayo, uluhlu iziyobisi, izixhobo zonyango uqala ukuba bazohlule babe lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo. Materials ziyafumaneka ukunika ukhathalelo kwentliziyo (oku kuquka electrode, grafts semithambo, intradyusery - konke kusenokufuneka xa imeko yonyango olungxamisekileyo). Elinye iqela elikhulu - anesthesiology namayeza zononophelo: apha kukho kwakhona abenzi boluvo ukuba izinga lentliziyo monitor, yaye bencokola ukuba bayeke ukopha, kunye nenkqubo yesondlo ngumntu. Ngabanye ingqalelo, izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kutyando: sutures, staplers, umboniso, yamasango - konke okuyimfuneko ukuze zokwenza nkqu imisebenzi zilula.

Udidi yokugqibela echaziweyo kwakhona yahlulwe subgroups ezininzi: neurosurgery, ukusebenza kunye ebuchotsheni (apho iinkqubo eziyimfuneko yamanzi, kuba nenkanuko of kwizaphuko, catheters), utyando thoracic, ngokukodwa amalungu apha esifubeni (amaninzi umboniso, iziyobisi inkxaso yokuphefumla, njengeeinhalers, amatanki oksijini) kunye nabanye abambalwa. Traumatology kunye amathambo kungafuna izikhonkwane ezahlukeneyo kunye ngezikhonkwane, iipleyiti zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa nitrogen amalungu omzimba ezimashakeleyo, kwakunye amabhandeji udaka.

Icebo kunye nabasunguli, kwakunye ityhubhu

Uluhlu "ngeemveliso zamachiza" iquka iintlobo iityhubhu, hatching nokutsalwa, ukukhuphela kunye nezixhobo umoya ngomatshini. Ngu consumables nazo kunokubalelwa reactants iselwa ezisetyenziswa ngexesha nonyango radiation. Kufakwe iifilimu ezisetyenziswa kwizifundo X-reyi kunye nemifanekiso fluorography, kwakunye ne fixer, ukulungisa umfanekiso kule bhanya.

Ziphele - zokuqhubela, kodwa kuyimfuneko

Iqela lokugqibela, olo ke lulolona olunzulu - unikeza. Oku kuquka zonke izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela, uze mhlawumbi zitshatyalaliswe okanye unyango kakhulu kakhulu. Ezi mveliso spittoon, neeflaski, ityhubhu zovavanyo, cuvettes, pipettes, iisilinda yokulinganisa, iglasi elebhu - ngaphandle uqhuba ogulayo, kunye nonyango kwizigulane kwakuya akunakwenzeka. Ezi maxa wambi subtle, kodwa kuyimfuneko - udidi lokugqibela, nto leyo ibandakanya uluhlu iimveliso zonyango kunye nezibonelelo.

nenqubo yokubhalisa

Noko ke, abalimi amatsha akukho lula ukufumana inani nababonelela iimveliso ezifana nezixhobo zonyango. Uluhlu, ezivunyiweyo kunye neziqinisekiso zobhaliso ekhutshwa liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo esilawulayo. Ezi zatifikethi kufuneka ukuba zonke izixhobo, iziyobisi kunye nempahla. Zonke iimfuno zobhaliso yeemveliso ezintsha ziqulethwe "Umthetho phezu ezisisiseko zokhathalelo lwempilo." Ichiza, ekufuneka akhululwe kwimarike, kufuneka ukuba bafumane ezininzi kakuhle uvavanyo kunye nomgangatho, iziphumo zazo zigcwele inani elikhulu lwamaxwebhu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkampani zamachiza badla ityala ubhaliso kwiinkampani ogunyazisiweyo ukuba sele namava ebaphatha ngayo imizimba elawulayo, yaye uya kukwazi ukwenza kuphela uphando kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukulungiselela onke amaxwebhu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke iziyobisi qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu kufuneka kudlule kabini-ngetshekhi, ezenza kwakhona kubonisa umgangatho lwabo kunye nokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba wezenzi, izixhobo, izixhobo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango kunye ziphele kuluhlu, evunywe ngamaqumrhu karhulumente ephakamileyo, ngokupheleleyo ekhuselekileyo impilo.