Iindleko zomthetho

Xa inkqubo civil, iindleko zomthetho i wamcacisela inani lemali ihlawulwe ngumntu isicelo uncedo enkundleni. Xa obanzi, ingqiqo i intlawulo umsebenzi lilonke kunye nezenzo zomntu ngamnye. izenzo ongazenza amalungu wenkundla okanye abantu abenza imisebenzi yenkundla. Kwakhona, ingqiqo kuquka inkcitho yokwenza ushishino - yokuqesha ligqwetha.

zintlawulo zenkundla kunye nemirhumo ihlawulwa ukuvelisa izinto ezizayo. Intlawulo iya kwenziwa iqela ukuba acele ukuba isenzo yenkqubo. Ukuba imfuneko yokwenza nala macala mabini, iindleko zomthetho kuthwalwa ngokulinganayo.

bokwenza izigqibo iquka inkcazelo umdlali welinye iqela oyidlalayo na ukuvala yolawulo inkqubo. Kwakhona efakwe kwi isigqibo icala, nto leyo eza kuphumeza imbuyekezo yeendleko zomthetho komnye umntu. imali inkcitho ibekwa kumiselwa ngokuhambelana idatha enikwe ngexesha lenkqubo. Ukuba akwenzeki ukuseka xa ucwangcisa isigqibo, iqela unalo ilungelo lokuba ufumane imali fanerile ngendlela yesigqeba.

Imirhumo zomthetho zicwangciswa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo 'impindezelo "kule mihla inkqubo yoluntu. State, ukubonelela ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa yoluntu lwamalungelo kwentlawulo ngeenkonzo zazo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumaxesha amandulo eRashiya (kwaye kumazwe Western), inkundla yayigqalwa omnye izinto inzuzo amandla. Ngoko ke, ngokuthumela abameli balo ukuba ukuqokelela ingeniso ezithile kule ngingqi, amagosa kunye nabalawuli kufuneka odlame njengenxalenye yenkqubo-ngeniso. Iintlawulo ezifunyenweyo amanene okanye ithunyelwe ngokwabo.

Le isigqibo senkundla wagqiba izohlwayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo eliphezulu bubuso, ukusombulula iingxabano, baba ngakumbi ukuchitha. Kulo mzekelo, iimali zezomthetho ihlawulwe engenatyala ummangalelwa yinkundla kunye iqela eliphumelelayo.

De kokupapashwa Sudebnik yokuqala kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezintathu iifizi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuhlawulisa imali ngoba andikubizeli kubulungisa, "endle" kwaye intengiselwano jikelele. Ngentshayelelo Sudebnik sele kufunyenwe umyalelo iintlobo elinanye izityholo. Umzekelo ngamnye imisebenzi yabo. Indawo yoBuyiselo lwaqhutywa emva kwenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha yeenkqubo zenkundla sele ukumangalelana wamnika ibheyile. Ebudeni bolawulo Tsar Boris zonke izityholo saguqulelwa zobuncwane. Iijaji kulo mzekelo banikwa ilungelo lokwenza iminikelo yokuzithandela.

Ngexesha ulozhenija ntlawulo indlela ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, lo umrhumo ofisi inzuzo kunye neenkundla, ngokunjalo umsebenzi ukumkani ngayo (kuNondyebo) ziye zaziswa.

iintlobo ezine imirhumo sele ifumaneka kwi-pre-hlengiso Russia. Zizo ezo:

1. Iintlawulo izicelo bazisa ziinkundla.
2. Iimali yoguqulo kwecala on isibheno kwabasemagunyeni eziphezulu kunye izohlwayo izikhalazo sikweni kunye kumangala. nezohlwayo Icandelo wabhenela kwinkundla Ubeligweba ityala, inxalenye - kwicala komyalelo (arhente) sa karhulumente. izityholo eziphathekayo zenziwa kuphela njengesiqinisekiso ilungelo lokubhena (efana Ephakamileyo akananto namhlanje) kunye, kwimeko ukuqatshelwa ilungelo lokubhena, babuya.
3. Imali nqaku.
4. Umsebenzi ngephepha istampu.

Ngokutsho Elilawulayo iindleko 1857. ihlawuliswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukusuka kwelinye icala, nto leyo yathatyathwa engalunganga. Ngenxa yoko, ummangali lokulahlekelwa iqela umvuzo zonke umonakalo kunye neendleko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba izohlwayo, apho kwenziwa kwimfuno gwe. Inkqubo endala ibandakanya Benze ishishini iphepha elingenanto. Kodwa ekupheleni kweenkqubo kwenziwa kwakhona imisebenzi isitampu yokusetyenziswa lonke iphepha. Emva koko, lo Mqulu irhoxisiwe lo ntlawulo. kamva wokucinywa inhlawulo yokungeniswa amabango ebacekisile.