Umda Russian olwandle. Imida ye Russian Federation

Russia lelona lizwe likhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. indawo yayo iye yafika million 17.1 square metres. State elise kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu. Russia a kakhulu ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma, ngoko neziphaluka zayo kukho umahluko ixesha ebalulekileyo.

Imida ye Russian Federation

Amasiko, umda kwezoqoqosho kunye nezinye Russian ibekwe ngaphandle lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, nto leyo ngokwayo isenzeko ekhethekileyo. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, onke amazwe ico ujamelene nengxaki enkulu. Kwelinye icala omnye ukungangqinelani kweenkqubo zomthetho zemali kunyanzeleke ukuba bavale kwindawo kwezoqoqosho, kodwa urhulumente omtsha umgca umda zange idibana kunye namasiko yobuhlanga, yaye uluntu akafuni ukuvuma izithintelo umda ebekwe, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - Russia akaba ngexesha elingephi ukuchitha Imida nobunjineli yokwakha izakhiwo. Kwakhona, ingxaki enkulu yaba ukusekwa lamanqaku amasiko.

Inkcazelo imida karhulumente

Ubude umda Russia ifikelela 60 ophosa, apho 40,000 km aphezu kumda elwandle. indawo yezoqoqosho namazibuko eli lizwe kubekwe ngeekhilomitha ezingama-370 ukusuka kummandla wonxweme. Kusenokubakho iinkundla kwamanye amazwe ngenxa nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi yendalo. imida Western kunye akumazantsi Russian Federation - ikakhulu umhlaba, entla nasempuma - ikakhulu elwandle. Isibakala sokuba imida eRussia kumkhamo omkhulu onjalo, kungenxa ubungakanani omkhulu ummandla wayo kunye imigca seashores imilo angalinganiyo kwiPasifiki, Arctic kunye neelwandle Atlantic, leyo boyihlamba loo macala ezintathu.

umda komhlaba Russian

Entshona nasempuma kwe imida belizwe elo lizwe iqela yomahluko ezithile. In pre-revolution eRashiya waniphawula ngokwemida zendalo. Njengoko karhulumente eyandisiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulungisa ngandlel imida yolwandle kunye nomhlaba. Ngelo xesha kwimimandla enabemi iqatshelwe enkulu kufuneka siphawulwe ngokucacileyo - oku kusenokuba uluhlu intaba, umlambo njalo njalo. Kodwa lo elimi kukho ikakhulu kwicala elingasempuma umda wasezantsi.

Imida yasentshona nomzantsi-ntshona umhlaba karhulumente

imigca Modern of imida yasentshona kunye kumzantsi-ntshona eRashiya kuvele icandelo abadlali ngamnye kweli lizwe. Ngokutsho kangangoko enkulu imida zolawulo ezibe lwasekhaya ngaphambili. Baba izinto ngokubonakalayo non-zendalo. Athotywa kwasekwa umda Russian kunye Poland eFinland.

imida umhlaba Russian nabo ubukhulu becala. Emva kokuba ngokuwa Union of inani abamelwane yahlala injalo. Zizonke elinesine. Ndikunye Japan kunye United States imida yolwandle kuphela Russian. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha yiSoviet ke imida yelizwe kunye ithi ezisibhozo kuphela, eminye imigca phakathi kwamazwe babegqalwa lwangaphakathi, yaye kwemiqathango. Emantla-ntshona umda Russian wadibana ne-Finland kunye eNorway.

Isimo karhulumente ifumene ngokusesikweni umda Russian kunye Estonia, eLatvia naseLithuania. Ngaphaya umda wasentshona nomzantsi-ntshona Ukraine kunye Belarus na. Emazantsi eli lizwe imingcele eGeorgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, i-Republic of yaseTuva, zeAltai, Buryatia. Ngokugqithileyo kumzantsi-mpuma Russian Primorye Territory into erhangqwe North Korea. Umda line - 17 kuphela km.

Umda osemantla lizwe

umda olwandle Russian emantla nasempuma kwe-lizwe oziikhilomitha ezili-12 ukusuka elunxwemeni. Ngokutsho elwandle Russian imingcele kumazwe ali-12. Kwathi imida Northern ngokusebenzisa amanzi Arctic Ocean - lulwandle Kara, Sea Laptev, uLwandle Barents, eMpuma Siberian kunye Chukchi. Phakathi Arctic Ocean, ukusuka kunxweme Russian kwaye ukusa North Pole, kuba eli candelo le Arctic. It anqongophele ngenxa ngemigca ezinemiqathango ukusuka entshonalanga Rybachy Peninsula nasempuma yesi siqithi Ratmanova ukuya North Pole. yimpahla Polar - igama isalamane, yaye amanzi kwicandelo Russian bengengabo, uyakwazi ukuthetha kuphela malunga izincedisi amanzi amanzi Arctic.

umda Eastern Russian

Umda ulwandle phakathi eRashiya yaye inxalenye yayo elisempuma udlula amanzi Pacific kweelwandle. Kweli cala ngabamelwane eli lizwe ke US kunye Japan. Nge Japan imida Russian kwi La Perouse Strait, yaye wethu Strait - kunye eUnited States (phakathi siqithi Ratmanova, ngubani na Russian, kwaye Kruzenshtern, urhulumente-owned). Kule Chukotka Peninsula, Alaska, ena kunye Aleutian Islands Sea wethu ibekwe. Phakathi ena Peninsula, kwisiqithi Hokkaido, i Kuril kunye Sakhalin luLwandle Okhotsk.

Kunxweme olusemazantsi Sakhalin kunye Primorye Territory Sendizihlambile ngakuLwandle Japan. Zonke yolwandle baseMpuma Ekude, ngayo iRussia umda emanzini, ngokomkhethe ngumkhenkce. Kwaye Okhotsk, nokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba inxalenye kuxhomekeke kwi parallel emazantsi, yeyona kakhulu kule nkalo. Emantla-ntshona inxalenye lonke ixesha umkhenkce ziintsuku 280 ngonyaka. Ngenxa ubukhulu becala, kweelwandle kumgca lwasempumalanga Russian ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi iimeko zemozulu kweli lizwe ahluka kakhulu.

Ehlotyeni, kuLwandle of Japan kufika zomoya, leyo izaliswe nembubhiso enkulu. Kwi kunxweme Pacific kwimimandla yawo seismically esebenzayo kwenzeka itsunami ezinkulu ezenzeka ngenxa iinyikima zonxweme kwamanzi.

Iingxaki ngasempumalanga Russia

imida Maritime of Russia kunye United States ngoku ephawulwe, kodwa ngaphambili kwakukho iingxaki umda. Russian Empire ngo 1867, wathengisa Alaska dollar kwezigidi ezisixhenxe. Kukho ezinye iingxaki kwinkcazelo kwimida yesizwe kwi wethu Strait. Kukho iingxaki eRashiya Japan, umngeni kwiziqithi Njengomncinane Kuril Ridge, ummandla abangama-8548,96 square metres. km. kwavela imbambano malunga ummandla wamanzi zoluntu kunye ummandla kwindawo Russian Federation of iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amathathu amawaka square, kuquka ummandla kwezoqoqosho kolwandle kunye iziqithi utyebile kwaselwandle kunye nentlanzi, kunye nendawo kwithala ukuba oovimba ioli.

Ngowe-1855, isivumelwano sasayinwa, njengoko apho Minor Kuril Islands Bagciniwe eJapan. Ngowe-1875, Japan liqhubela onke Kurile Islands. Ngowe-1905, ngenxa yemfazwe Russian-Japanese yatyikitywa Portsmusky isivumelwano neRashiya ligqithiselwe Japan i kumazantsi Sakhalin. Ngowe-1945, xa Japan wasayina isenzo uzinikele olungenamiqathango, isiqithi Sakhalin kunye Kuril Islands yaba yinxalenye eSoviet Union, kodwa ubuzwe zawo zange kuchaziwe iSivumelwano 1951 (San Francisco). Icala Japanese bathi South Kuril Islands - yinxalenye eJapan, yaye akukho ngokunxulumene mvumelwano ka-1875 ekubeni ayiyonxalenye chain Kuril, yaye zinxulumene kwiziqithi Japanese, nangenxa isivumelwano esatyikitywa eSan Francisco , abayi ziyafundiswa.

Umda ntshona karhulumente

Umda ulwandle lwasentshonalanga ne-Russia inxulumanisa lizwe kunye namazwe amaninzi e-Europe. Oku udlula phezu amanzi oLwandle iBaltic, nto leyo iba i-Atlantic Ocean yaye yakha kunxweme Russia zokupaka. Bahambisa namachweba Russian. Xa Gulf of Finland likomkhulu osemantla Russia - St. Petersburg - and Vyborg. On isebe River Vistula Lagoon Prelog yi Kaliningrad. port Vala Novoluzhsky yakhiwe kwi emlonyeni Luga River. I-Sea Baltic akuthethi ngumkhenkce nje kufuphi nonxweme kummandla Kaliningrad. Le ulwandle umda Russian kwimephu inxulumanisa kwilizwe (phesheya kolwandle) kunye namazwe afana ePoland, Germany naseSweden.

umda ntshonalanga

inxalenye South-yasentshona eRashiya zihlanjwe i Azov, Black kunye lweCaspian Seas. imida Maritime oLwandle Omnyama ukunika Russia ukufikelela kwi lweMeditera. In Tsemesskaya bay kumi kwizibuko Novorossiysk. SaseTaganrog Bay - eTaganrog port. Isixeko Sevastopol yenye matheku kakhulu. Azov kunye kuLwandle Black zibaluleke gqitha amakhonkco zothutho kunye amazwe Russia Amazwe e-Europe kunye lweMeditera. Kwakhona imida namazibuko Russian Federation Nxibelelana Georgia and Ukraine. Xa kumazantsi oLwandle lweCaspian amanzi nomda Kazakhstan kunye Azerbaijan.

Ngenxa yoko, lo umda Russian kwi liyanda kwimida zendalo: iintaba, iilwandle kunye nemilambo. Ngenxa ezinye zezi abafowunelwa ngamazwe nzima (eziphakamileyo iintaba, umkhenkce, ulwandle, njalo njalo). Abanye, phezu koko, ezithandwa ngentsebenziswano kunye nabamelwane kunye nokuvumela ukubeka komlambo iindlela jikelele ilizwe, ukwenza isithuba kwezoqoqosho.

amanqaku kakhulu of Russia

Xa kwinqanaba emantla na ekapa Cheliuskin, apho ibekwe phezu Tajmyr zwe. Ngaxa Insular na ekapa Fligely, leyo yenye kwiziqithi Franz Josef leziqithi - Rudolph. Ngelo kwindawo lasemzantsi ke Crest, zaseCaucasus entabeni umqolo, entshonalanga - umlenze Sandy Mothers Baltic Sea, empuma - Cape Dezhnev kwi Chukchi Peninsula.

Iimpawu ze indawo eendawo of Russia

Uninzi lizwe siyifumana ezinezinga ziingcathu, kodwa inxalenye kumantla ise kwiimeko ezimaxongo le Arctic. Intsimi of Russia inee- izibonelelo zendalo ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka ezininzi. Eli lizwe ithatha indawo ephambili kwihlabathi ubungakanani kunye nendawo komhlaba. Ihlathi Russian ifikelela iihektare asixhenxe anamanci ezigidi.

Ubukhulu bomsebenzi lizwe ibaluleke kakhulu zombini ukusuka kwindawo kuqoqosho imbono kunye ukuziphendulela. Ummandla Russian Federation unalo ubungakanani likhulu kumathafa kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Le West Siberian kunye Russian (Mpuma Yurophu) Plain. Ummandla esemantla yelizwe ezichatshazelwa khona umoya ye-Arctic Ocean. Intsimi of Russia inee- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izimbiwa kunye neeminerali. Oku kuqwalasele 40% loovimba yentsimbi ekrwada yehlabathi. Eyona ndawo iphambili amasimi kunye needipozithi abazizityebi esikrwada Nobhedu ingqalelo phambene kunye kummandla phambene. Apha, kuMbindi Urals, kukho imali ebekiweyo ngamatye anqabileyo ezifana yirubhi, isardiyo, neametiste. Kwaye enye inkalo umdla kweli lizwe kukuba ise yonke imimandla wejografi kumntla ikhweyitha, ngaphandle kwezi ndawo.