Iingcamango zokuhlukana kwamagunya, okanye ukulawulwa kwentando yesininzi

Kwiimeko ezininzi, urhulumente wentando yesininzi unxulumene nobukho obulinganayo kuwo onke amaziko ayo. Le meko yachongwa yinkcazo yokwahlukana kwamagunya, iziseko zazo ezabekwe yi-galaxy yonke yeengcali zefilosofi ezivelele. Yintoni eyona nto isisiseko selo lizwe? Ukunika impendulo enempendulo kulo mbuzo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kungekhona nje ukuqonda ingundoqo, kodwa ukuchaza kwakhona ukwakheka kwayo.

Ingcamango yokuhlukaniswa kwamagunya yinkqantosi yembali

Ukuba silandela ukuveliswa kwamandla, ngoko kuyacaca ukuba isimo sawo sitshintshile kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, kodwa inkoliso yamandla esintu yayigxininiswe kwindawo enye. Ekuqaleni kwakuyisizwe, ngoko ibhunga labadala, ngoko umdala okanye inkokheli ngokwakhe. Xa kuvela uhulumeni njengendlela yokubambisa uluntu, konke ukuzaliswa kwamandla kuye kwada kukumkani (njengoko kwakunjalo eYiputa) okanye kwiqumrhu lomfundi (njengoko kuboniswa yimimiselo yeRoma yaseRoma kunye neGrisi yamandulo). Kule meko, bekuhlala kusetyenziswa amagqwetha, amagosa kunye namagunya omthetho. Kodwa nangona xesha elide, phakathi kweengcali zefilosofi kunye neenkcukacha, iimbono zokwahlula zazivele zijikeleza. Oku kuboniswa ngu-Aristotle, uPlato, Polybius.

Nangona kunjalo, le mibono ibonakala ngokubanzi ngexesha loKuvuselela, okwafikelela ekugqibeleni kwexesha kunye neNkanyiso. Ngoko, izazinzulu ezidumileyo uJohn Locke noTomas Hobbes kwimisebenzi yazo zabeka iziseko, ziphikisana ngokuthi ubukumkani obuphela kufuneka bubekwe bucala kubantu. Iingcamango zabo zaxhaswa kwaye zaphuhliswa ngu-S.-L. UMontesquieu, ngokubonga ukuba yintoni umgaqo wanamhlanje wokuhlukana kwamandla.

Inkolelo yokuhlukana kwamagunya yinkcazelo yanamhlanje

Iimbono zeNtshona zanamhlanje zithetha ukuba onke amagatsha awo kufuneka ahlukane. Wena. Amagunya omthetho, amagosa kunye namagunya kufuneka asebenzisane kunye nemigaqo yokuzimela nokulingana. Ngokuchanekileyo le ngcamango yokusebenza kwamazwe wentando yeninzi eqhutywe yinkcazo yecandelo lolawulo.

Kodwa kutheni unamathela kumsebenzi onjalo? Impendulo ixhomekeke kwisiseko senkolelo ebalulekileyo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, xa ukwahlukana kwamagunya amagunya kunye nezidumbu ezithwalayo, inokwenzeka ukuba kugxininise amandla angakumbi kwiqela elithile. Ngako-ke, kukho imigaqo emine engundoqo apho inkolelo yokuhlukaniswa kwamagunya aseMontesquieu isekelwe:

- amasebe amathathu echanekileyo ngamagunya kufuneka atyunjwe kumthetho osisiseko welizwe kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kuwo, ilawulwe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo;

- Amagunya amathathu asebenzisana ngokubambisana, kodwa kungekhona ekuhambisaneni;

- abanalo ilungelo lokuphazamisa igunya lomnye nomnye;

- ukungabi nakwi-apoliticalness of judiciary.

Kule migaqo umgaqo-siseko wokubambisana phakathi kwamasebe olawulo kunye namagunya asekelwe. Inkolelo yokuhlukana kwamagunya ibiza le ndlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuhlola nokulinganisela. Isetyenziswe xa abameli bezo zimbini zeentlobo zenkqubo yokuphatha omnye nomnye.

Ukongezelela kule ndlela, ukwabelana ngombane kunceda ukuhambelana ngokucacileyo nawaphi na amabhunga karhulumente afanele ajoyine le okanye kwisebe.

Ngoko, iqumrhu eliphambili lamandla omthetho yiPalamente. Kuxhomekeke kwilizwe, igama layo lingaguquleka. Nangona kunjalo, isitshixo sisoloko sifanayo - ukuphuhliswa nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Igunya elilawulayo nguRhulumente kunye namaqumrhu alo , i-judiciary, ngokulandelanayo, inkundla. INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko imele ihluke kwixesha elilandelayo. Ngenxa yobuninzi bezimvo ezenzayo, umzimba onikezelweyo welizwe ufanele ukhethwe njengeziko elisemthethweni likarhulumente, elisebenza njengombutho phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo zombuso.

Ingcamango yokuhlukaniswa kwamagunya aseMontesquieu, esekelwe kwiXesha lokuKhanya, isisiseko esiyisiseko sokukhokelwa kwamazwe amaninzi aseNtshona. Ngoko ke, ukuqonda okucacileyo kwento yesiseko kuvumela ukuhlolwa kovavanyo kungekhona kuphela kwiifom karhulumente, kodwa nakwi- politiki yolawulo.