Iinkomo Hereford: ingakumbi nokuzalela, umxholo, amaxabiso izilwanyana abatsha kunye nokuzalana

Kuzo zonke iinkomo zenyama phantse intle hlabathi Hereford iinkomo uhlobo, nto leyo yesibini kuphela abambalwa Aberdeen Angus, yaye ngoko akukho emazweni onke; kukho States ngokucacile ukhetha Hereford. Kwaye rock ifanelwe ngokwenene ingqalelo.

History of yokuzalela

Ukhetho yaqala kwi IsiNgesi okwilizwe Gerefordshir ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha kwaye isithsaba ngempumelelo phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-18. Iminyanya Hereford zizala iinkomo imfuyo zasekuhlaleni, kakhulu ezincinane ezisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi: njengoko uyilo kunye nenyama kunye zobisi. Injongo yale ukhetho kukwenza ubunzima abantu ukukhawulezisa nokwanda yazo (zanda earliness) kunye Ukutshintshela olubekelwe kuphela inyama. iziphumo nokuzalana yaba yimpumelelo kangangokuba ukususela 1846 kukho iintlobo yomlibo, kwaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba wayitwabulula phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kule 30 zenkulungwane yama-20 Hereford zaqaliswa kwi-USSR.

yangaphandle Hereford

Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili amatakane na isuti ebomvu iimazi ezimhlophe entloko. Yimpandla leyo ezidluliselwa naxa wawela kunye nezinye iintlobo zeegusha. Esiswini, esifubeni ephantsi, ngebrashi emhlophe kakhulu kwi nomsila. Amanqaku yale umbala kukho kwakhona kwi Nape negxalaba. Horn emhlophe, kodwa amacebiso mnyama. Lo mgaqo-siseko unamandla, maxa wambi bekrwada. linyamalale line, emva, empontshwa kunye sacrum ngqo. Imilenze ububanzi ngaphandle kwaye elifutshane. Chest ngeenxa zonke, ezibanzi, kunye dewlap ngokukhawuleza yaphuhliswa. Abameli Hereford iinkomo uhlobo (isithombe kwiphepha elinye) ezi okukhulu kwaye inkulu ngokwaneleyo: isibeleko omdala ubunzima malunga 700 kg kwaye umnqweno kudla ufikelela ubunzima kwitoni nganye.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye neempawu amatakane

main inzuzo yaso iimazi ukufuya lula. Zezi ukungafuni ukondla, ngokubanzi amadlelo amadlelo ezamahala, ngexesha apho iinkomo udle yonke imifuno, kuquka ukhula, nalowo uthathwa krwada. Ngenxa yoko, Hereford iinkomo uhlobo ayidingi amakriwa otyalwe ngokukhethekileyo.

Iinkomo zizakubalulwa eliphezulu ekulindeleke ukuba ubomi - eyi-18, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-15 Kuba iimazi yinto eninzi. Kwaye ubomi, baya ukugcina ikhono ukuzala; kwizinga young angaweli ukusuka isibeleko ngokwaluphala.

iimazi Hereford libhekisela, okt namathole ezincinane fruited wazalwa omncinane - 25 kg. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uye ngokuzala ngaphandle kobunzima ngaphandle uncedo olungaphezulu evela mntu. Ukuba otelochnom inkunkuma yesebe watshintsha rhoqo kwaye lihlale lomile, amathole ayizange agule; iphile kufutshane 98 ekhulwini. Ezinobunzima esincinane ekuqaleni ubomi amathole ukukhula ngokukhawuleza; ½ Dima bafumane ukuya kwi 400 kg, kwaye ihlaba umdiza - 430-450. Oku kanye ukuphuma amathupha kukhuthaza iinkomo ukufuya zohlobo.

Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele kulwamkelo eliphezulu amatakane, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo acclimated ukuba imozulu kakhulu eshushu okanye ebandayo, kunokuba IsiNgesi. Ukongeza, nkqu amathole bangamelana ngokulula ezinde ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubunzima.

Sesivuno kwenyama ngexesha avareji nokuxhela 65%. Ngenxa umxholo okulungileyo ipesenti kwisalathisi oluqhelekileyo ngokuzityebisa ifikelela 70. Plus ke inyama Hereford zezona zemabhile ebizwa ngokuba yiyo, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Kungenxa zonke iingenelo ukuba Hereford inkomo, ixabiso layo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana.

Nangona kunjalo, iye ezinye bokuqonda ezinokuqwalaselwa nezingalunganga. Iinkomo Hereford i inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kusenziwa isigqibo malunga yawo yokuzalela. wesibeleko Malomolochny ukuze ayikwazi kusengwa. Ngoko ke, amathole zigcinwa kwi ukuncanca ukuya kwiinyanga ezisibhozo.

Ukwakhiwa oovimba kwabasetyhini kunye namathole

Kungcono wenze zombini koovimba izindlu evakalala, kunye neendawo free-kuluhlu. Ngokwakhe elaphalalayo Axhotyiswe kujikelezo izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kwabasetyhini kunye namathole, ibekwe kumbindi yabaseli kunye ngogesi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kunika zibuya, nto leyo eya ukondla amathole ezilinywa. Xa kude ukusuka ekupheleni wawelela le barn amalungiselelo zeewadi lokubelekisa apho iimazi suckler zidluliselwa kwi iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba izale. Apho ke uya kuchitha kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuba. Iimeko eziphambili ezibangela barn izixhobo ukugcina ababhinqileyo kunye namathole: ucoceko, ukunqongophala uyilo kunye inkunkuma owomileyo. Amalahle nkqu ntolovelo ezinzima kufuneka ibe kakhulu: abadala kakhulu aqine, kunye namathole, xa ukukhenkcisa, wafihlwa hay.

Umahluko abavelisi ukutya, "Nursing" kunye namathole

Ngoku siyaphawula ukuba iinkomo nokuxhela ukondla hay eqhelekileyo ixutywe ityuwa kunye flake yerhasi. Kuba phindeke iinkomo ukutya kufuneka kubabetha kwaye zahlukene kakhulu: isintlakantlakiso - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-45% ye-silage - malunga 25, yaye ezingama-20% ligxile. Zongezwa ukondla yokondla: isidlo bone kunye phosphate (diammonium, tricalcium njl). Bulls-abalimi kubeka cereal elungileyo kunye hay ezinemidumba, ukutya osisityebi ingqondo. Amathole ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ubisi engundoqo lwebele iindleko, kodwa kunye kwiiveki 2-3 uyakwazi ukunikeza ingca. Ithole, ifikelele 200 kg (umlinganiselo esiya kweenyanga-8 ubudala, kodwa ke kukho iimeko xa ithole lweenyanga ezintandathu kusingise ubunzima kangaka) uyazimela isibeleko - ngoko kuya kuba ngokukhawuleza ukuvuthwa, kwaye umthamo walo lokuzala ziya kuba ngaphezulu.

Sinokuthi ngenxa yotyalo eziyimfuneko yokwandisa Hereford inkomo, ixabiso layo lingaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba kungaba.

Buying Hereford

Kuhleli ukukhankanya indlela kubiza Hereford imfuyo uhlobo. Ixabiso amathole ukuba okwangoku bengene yobudala ezanyisayo, kakhulu ephantsi - evela engange 130 obunzima buyikhilogram iinkomo Tari_pedigree kunye 115 nganye - wayefuna ukuba libulale. Zizalele iinkomo, zilunyulwe, iguqulelwe amandla kwinkqubo lulonke kunye liqalelayo imisebenzi nezenzala, uya kubiza imali engange 300 Kilo nganye. Inkomo, ubuncinane kabini kuzisa inzala umgangatho ophezulu, kuqikelelwa kwangethuba engange 500. kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye.