Iifomu zesifuba somntu. Uhlobo lwesifuba kubantwana

Isifuba sinqabileyo yangaphakathi, eyenzelwe ukukhusela izitho ezibalulekileyo kumonakalo, ukunyangwa okanye ukulimala. Esifubeni sesifuba, intliziyo, imiphunga, imitha ye-pulmonary and veins, thymus, bronchi, isophagus, isibindi zifihliwe. Iqhotyoshelwe kwimisipha yokuphefumula kunye nemisipha yamalungu angaphezulu.

Ulwakhiwo lwesifuba somntu

I thorax yenziwa ngu:

• Iimbini ezili-12 zokurhoxisa iimbambo ezidibeneyo ngasemva kunye nomlenze osisigxina, kwaye ngaphambili zixhunyaniswe nesifuba ngoncedo lwe-cartilage yeendleko.
• I-sternum iyisithambo esingenasiphelo, esinomumo ophezulu. Ubonakaliswe ngumbumba kumgangatho wangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa emva. Iquka iinxalenye ezintathu: i-handle, umzimba kunye ne- xiphoid.
• Imisipha.

I-thorax ine-flexibility, oko kukuthi, iyakwandisa kunye neenkontileka ekuphefumuleni.

Iintlobo zesifuba

Ubungakanani kunye nesimo sesifuba siyahluka kwaye siyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwemisundu kunye nemiphunga. Yaye isantya sophuhliso lwalo mva luhlobene ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi wobomi bomntu, umsebenzi wakhe kunye nokusebenza kwakhe. Ubume besifuba buqhelekileyo ngeendlela ezintathu:

• Flat;
• I-Cylindrical;
• Ikhonkco.

Ubume besikhwama somthi

Ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kubantu abanezintlu ezibuthathaka kunye nokukholisa indlela yokuphila. Ixesha elide kwaye lihlambuluke kumgama we-anteroposterior, udonga lwangaphambili luyinto ecacileyo, i-clavicle iyacaca ngokucacileyo, i-intercostal spaces wide.

Ifomu yeConical ye thorax

Ifom ebanzi neyifutshane yesifuba iyingqayizivele kubantu abaneqela eliqhutywe kakuhle lemisipha yamabhinqa. Inxalenye engaphantsi kwayo ibanzi ngaphezu kwephezulu. Ukunyathela kwezimbambo kunye neendawo zokungena kwi-intercostal zincinci.

Ifom ye-cylindrical ye thorax

Le fomu yesifuba iyaqhelekileyo kubantu abaphantsi. Ijikelezwe, iyafana kunye nobude obude. Ilungiselelo elimisiweyo lembambo lichaza iindawo ezingenanto eziphakathi kwe-intercostal. Ikhonkco le-pectoral liyanqandwa. Kubantu ababandakanyekayo kwimidlalo ngokuzimeleyo, le yindlela yobabele.

Ubudala kunye nezobugcisa

Iifom zesifuba somntu zitshintsha kakhulu ngokudala. Kwabantwana, iintsana zizaliswe ngumbumba omncinci kunye onqatyisiweyo wepiramidi eneziqu. Kancinci kancinci. Umlinganiselo ojikelezayo ungaphantsi kwe-anteroposterior. Ukukhula komntwana, ukuqeqesha ukunyuka nokunyuka, ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ye-musculoskelet kunye nokukhula kwezitho zangaphakathi kubangela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwesifuba. Ubume besifuba ebantwini ngomnyaka wesithathu wobomi buyabonakala. Kwiminyaka eyi-6-7 ubudala, ukukhula kuyancipha, ukwanda kwendawo yokuthambekela kwezimbambo kubonwa. Abantwana beminyaka yobudala banamaqela amaninzi e-convex ye-thorax, kunabantu abadala, umthamo weembambo uncinci. Oku kuhambelana nokuphefumla okungaqhelekanga kunye nabafundi abancinane. Ngamakhwenkwe, i-thorax iqala ukukhula ngamandla kwi-12, amantombazana-iminyaka eyi-11. Kwixesha elide ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-18, isigaba esiphakathi sesifuba sitshintsha kakhulu.

Ubume besifuba kubantwana buxhomeke kakhulu ekusebenziseni umzimba kunye nesimo somzimba ngexesha lokutyala. Ukuzilolonga umzimba kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kuya kwandisa umthamo nobubanzi besifuba. Ifomu lokuphefumula liya kuba ngumphumo wesifo esicuthakathaka kunye nokuphuhliswa kakuhle kwemiphunga. Ukungalunganga okufanelekileyo, okuxhaswe ngumda wetafile, kunokukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwimeko yesifuba, okuya kubachaphazela kakubi uphuhliso kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo, imiphunga kunye neempahla ezinkulu.

Ukunciphisa, ukunciphisa nokuguqula umlo wesifuba kubantu asebekhulile kudibene nokuncipha kwe-cartilage yeendleko, izifo zokuphefumula rhoqo kunye ne-kyphosis.

I-thorax yindoda inkulu kunowesifazane kwaye inokubhenqa ngokugqithiseleyo kombhobho kwindawo yesiganeko. Kubasetyhini, ukujikeleza kwembambo kubonakala ngakumbi. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho isimo esicacileyo kunye nesigxina sesifuba sokuphefumla. Kwamadoda, uhlobo lwentsimbi luphefumula, oluhambelana nokufuduka kwesithintelo.

I-Thorax kunye nokuhamba kwayo

Imisipha yokuphefumula idlala indima echaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokuphefumlelwa kunye nokuphuma.
Ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngokubambisa isithintelo kunye neengxube zangaphakathi ze-intercostal, ezikhupha izimbambo, zihoxise kancane emacaleni, zikhulise umthamo wesifuba. Ukuphuma komoya kuhamba kunye nokuphumla kwezihlunu zokuphefumula, ukunciphisa iimbambo, ukuphakamisa idimoni yesithintelo. Imiphunga kule nkqubo yenza umsebenzi ongaphantsi, emva kweendonga ezihambayo.

Iintlobo zokuphefumla

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka kunye nophuhliso lwesifuba, kukho:

• Ukuphefumla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ukuphefumla iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ezingenayo intsimbi yokubamba intambo, kwaye zisesimweni esingasigxina, imisipha ye-intercostal ithathaka.
• Ukuphefumula okuninzi kunye ne-predominance of diaphragmatic ibonakala kubantwana kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, xa iintsimbi zangaphakathi ziqala ukuqinisa, i-cere ore iqala ukuhla.
• Uhlobo lwesifuba sokuphefumula luqala ngokubaluleka kubantwana abasuka kwiminyaka emi-3 kuya kweyimi-7 ubudala, xa ibhande lephepha likhula ngokukhawuleza.
• Emva kweminyaka eyisixhenxe, ukungafani ngokwezesondo kubonakala kwiintlobo zokuphefumula. Ubumbele buya kubakho kubafana abafana, abancinci kumantombazana.

Iifom zezifo zesifuba

Iipathologies zidlalwa zigulane. Bangakwazi ukuzalwa (ezinxulumene nokuphuhliswa kwamathambo ngexesha lokukhulelwa) kwaye bafumane (ngenxa yokulimala kunye nezifo zemiphunga, amathambo, umgudu). Ukuchithwa kunye nokuphazamiseka, njengoko umthetho, ubonisa ukuhlolwa okulula kwesifuba. Ifom kunye neenguqu zalo, i-asymmetry, ukuphulwa kwesigqi sokuphefumla kuvumela ugqirha onamava ukuba adlulisele ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Ubume besifuba buba ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zeenkqubo zezilwanyana kwizitho zentsimbi kunye nasesikhaleni somlenze. Iifom zezifo zesifuba zingaba:

• Ibhokhwe ejonge. Oku kuphazamiseka kufumaneka kubantu abanomfutho wamaphaphu okwenyuka kwomoya, oko kukuthi, ukunyaniseka nokuqina kwawo kunzima. Oku kuhambelana nomxholo okongeziweyo womoya kwi-alveoli. Ubume bombhobho wesifuba unophawu olubanzi kwaye, ngokukodwa, ububanzi be-anteroposterior, kunye nezimbambo ezinamacandelo kunye neendawo ezibanzi ze-intercostal.
• Okhubazekile. Esi sifuba sibukeka siphantsi kwaye sincinci. Ama-Clavicles abizwa kwaye acwangciswa njengemimiselo. Amacwecwe acacile emva kwe-thorax, ilungiselelo lawo lusezingeni elithile kwaye bahamba njenge-asynchronously kwinkqubo yokuphefumula. Indawo yeembambo i-oblique. Iifomu ezikhubazekile zesifuba zifumaneka kubantu abaphelile, kubantu abanokuphuhliswa komgaqo-siseko, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, umzekelo, isifo sofuba.
• Ricket. Le fom ibizwa ngokuba yi-kyle, okanye inkukhu. Kubonakaliswe ukwanda okwenziwe kubukhulu be-anteroposterior, esiphumo sezinto ezizalwe ebuntwaneni. Ifom yefom ye-keel iphinda ivele ngenxa yokuphambuka kwemfuyo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo yeethambo. Ukugqithwa kwamathambo kunokubaluleka okanye akunjalo. Ubunzima bentsholongwane buchaphazela iimpawu zesibini zesi sifo, ngenxa yokucima intliziyo nemiphunga.

• Uhlobo lwe-funnel. Olu hlobo lokukhubazeka lubonakaliswa ngokukhenkceka okubonakalayo kummandla ngamnye: izibambo, i-cartilage, i-sternum. Ubunzulu be-funnel bunokufikelela kwi-8 cm. Ukuchithwa kwe-funnel echanekileyo kuhambelana nokufuduka kwentliziyo, ukujibilika komgudu, iingxaki emiphakeni, utshintsho kwixinzelelo lwe-arterial and venous pressure. Kwiintsana, i-pathology ayibonakali kakhulu, kuphela ngokuphefumlelwa kukho ukungcola okukodwa kwindawo yesifuba. Iba ngakumbi xa ukhula.
• Scaphoid. Iimpawu zalo mzimba zibukho bexinzelelo olude phakathi kwinqanaba eliphakathi kunye nenxalenye ye-sternum. Ikhula kubantwana abajongene nezifo zesimiso se-nervous, apho imisebenzi yemoto kunye nobuzwe obuthathaka. Ukuguqulwa okuphosakeleyo kuhambelana nokuphefumula okufutshane, ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza, ukunyamezela ekusebenziseni umzimba, ukunyamezela rhoqo.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Ivela kwimvelaphi yezifo zomgudu, okungukuthi ummandla we-thoracic, okanye ngenxa yengozi yokulimala.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwanikezela ukhuseleko kwizitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba ngomzimba. Izitho zomzimba zesifuba zitholakala ngaphandle, apho singenakukwazi ukusinda imizuzu embalwa. Umzimba osisigxina wesifuba awukhuseli nje kuphela, kodwa ulungise kwakhona kwindawo ehlala njalo, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ozinzile kunye nemeko yethu eyanelisayo.