Iintlobo komthetho: iimpawu eziphambili

UMthetho buyinto kwezentlalo kunye ezintsonkothileyo. iintlobo Historical amalungelo ukugxininisa ixabiso layo elikhulu yonke inkqubo zazivelela. Ngapha koko, bexabana ukuba ekunene intsukaphi ngemihla kwangoko yamhlamnene. Kuluntu mihla, ukwazi iintlobo ezisisiseko amalungelo ukuba wonke ummi self-nokuhlonipha.

iinkcazelo esisiseko

Ekunene - inkqubo mandatory kuzo zonke izithethe zoluntu yokuziphatha ukuba amandla zonyanzelo, eyasekwa kwaye enemvume yimikhosi karhulumente.

Injongo ilungelo - iseti yemithetho ezisesikweni zomthetho ayisosinyanzelo kwaye abathile, nto leyo elenza kwaye inika urhulumente ngenjongo olawula ubudlelwane eluntwini.

ilungelo ayinyani - Meter yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo ngokusemthethweni, benenjongo ukwanelisa iimfuno zabantu ngummi.

Ingcamango uhlobo komthetho - zakhiwo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo umthetho, yabonakala ngexesha elithile.

imithetho yokuhlela

Ngokutsho UProfesa Leystoma OE ilungelo wohlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• ngezikhundla;
• kwezentlalo;
• esesikweni.

SI Arkhipov kuphakamisa ngokwemiqathango yolwahlulo ezintlanu:

• a nesisekelo eqhelekileyo;
• ingqibelelo kwesakhiwo;
• umthombo uluntu;
• iimpawu ezifana ngazo;
• ukuvumelana kwamagama.

iimpawu ezifanele

Ukwahlula ilungelo kwezinye izithethe zentlalo lube neempawu kwayo:

1. Ukuba semthethweni jikelele. Kuyabonakala ukuba kuphela sasekunene norm zentlalo mandatory onke njengelungu lombutho woluntu, abahlala kummandla imeko ethile. Ngenxa kweli phawu uyakwazi ukwenza ubomi uluntu ilungelo olumanyeneyo kwaye uzinzile. Ngokuphathelele kwezinye izithethe zasekuhlaleni, ke nabo kufuneka, kodwa kuphela ukuba iqela elithile labantu.
2. iinkcazelo ezisesikweni. Phantsi oku ngemvume izenzo yomthetho - ayikho asiyongcamango nje umntu okanye ingcamango, yinyani engqongqo, akuba eziqulathwe ngohlobo imithetho, imimiselo, nemimiselo kunye nemiyalelo. Ngenxa yalo mthetho uyakwazi ukubonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno ukuze babonwe ngabantu ekuziphatheni kwazo.
3. ukukhuthala Ngenxa amandla zonyanzelo karhulumente. Iintlobo kwamalungelo oluntu ngokutsho isiseko komsebenzi xa kuthe vukele zibandakanya izohlwayo karhulumente.
4. izicelo ezininzi. Enyanisweni, izithethe komthetho pholisa, njengoko zisetyenziswa i esingenakubalwa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
5. Nje ugcine kunene. Ilungelo kuqala kwiinto zonke, ezijolise ibinzana ngokubanzi intando okanye ummi. injongo yawo - yokuzilungiselela igunya imigqaliselo yobulungisa phakathi kwabantu.

typology kwamalungelo

Typology umthetho imele yokuhlela yayo ethile. iintlobo iinkqubo zomthetho lisekwa iindlela ezininzi:

1. Zizo zonke iindlela formational kunye civilizational.
2. Sondelani, ngokusekelwe ezibonisa eendawo yimbali ngokukodwa-zomthetho, ezenkolo, kunye nezinye iintlobo, kuzwelonke.

Kuba indlela yokwakhiwa kwe uphawuleka ngeempawu zentlalo noqoqosho. Uhlobo ubudlelwane kweli tyala yinto ebalulekile kakhulu kuphuhliso lwentlalo. Oku phezu kwesi siseko iintlobo ulawulo kwakheka. Zonke ezine kuwo indlela elinikiweyo. iintlobo Historical ilungelo - khoboka, bondage, yoohlohlesakhe angamatshantliziyo namasoshiyali.

Phakathi-sikhokelo indlela civilizational zezi zilandelayo iintlobo ezintathu amalungelo:

1. States yamandulo.
2. States ephakathi.
3. States Modern.

Ngokutsho ndlela, ezisekelwe kwiintlobo zonqulo, ngokwezelizwe kunye nezinye kukhutshwe ezi ntlobo amalungelo:

1. Inkqubo yomthetho wesizwe. Kuyaqondeka njenge kwakheka ngokwembali iseti ethile amalungelo, imisebenzi asemthethweni esebenzayo kwiimbono ebhudla kummandla kaRhulumente ethile.
2. usapho Legal. Oku kwachazwa ngokuthi iqela iintsapho zomthetho, uhlanganise ngokusebenzisa nje umthombo oqhelekileyo, isakhiwo kunye indlela zembali. i Romano-kulwimilwesiJamani, Anglo-American kunye zenkolo: Kukho iintsapho ezintathu ezisemthethweni na.

ilungelo nceku

umthetho Slave lichazwa ukuthanda wabanini makhoboka, kwenziwa umthetho. It sinikezwe ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• umnini Slave has akukho zithintelo ngokumalunga izenzo zabo ngayo amakhoboka.
• abantu Free ayilingani omnye komnye.
• Amadoda kunabanye abafazi, uyise ophezulu abantwana.
• Impahla yabucala - ukuba iziko engundoqo yomthetho. Ukuzama ukuba sono silingenwe kukufa.
• Indima eyinhloko edlalwa ngokwesiko lomthetho.
• Umthetho wesintu lo ukusekelwa ebhaliweyo.
• isandulela neenkundla kwakunye nolawulo - isiseko zonke iziseko amalungelo lwekhoboka-TV.

umthetho wobukhosi

umthetho wobukhosi ubizwa ngokuba ukuthanda kweNkosi, kwenziwa umthetho. A uluhlu lweempawu yayo engundoqo:

• Baxhasa yayinomhlaba ezinkulu izinduna ngamnye.
• Ixhasa ukungalingani phakathi koluntu yaye iiklasi labemi.
• It isekela serfdom.
• Khanikhe ukuba bangabi luxanduva ukuba ukuthobela iindidi yomthetho.
• Kukho nalwazelelelo mda ngakwicala yeNkosi kwicandelo yamahlwempu yabemi.
• Ilungelo lo yahlulwe labucala kunye noluntu.
• Resolution kweembambano ukusetyenziswa amandla zithathwa eyamkelekileyo.
• Ibandla ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo umthetho wobukhosi.

umthetho yamaphephandaba

umthetho yamaphephandaba imele ukuthanda bongxowankulu, kwenziwa umthetho. Lubonakala ngu:

• Eli lungelo wempangelo, oko kukuthi, engenanto yakwenza nonqulo.
• Le oomatshini olusemthethweni kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
• Inkqubo yesebe yomthetho iba branched.
• UMthetho yahlulwe ngokucacileyo ibe labucala kunye noluntu.
• Umthetho lo mthombo uphambili mthetho.
• Liqala ukuphuhlisa uhlobo loluntu komthetho.
• Lo mthetho uyavuma umtshato civil eyahlukileyo.
• Indima indoda kobudlelwane ulahlekelwa amandla alo bangaphambili.
• Isohlwayo kungadala ityala kwezopolitiko, hayi kwiinkolelo zonqulo.
• Yiba imibutho esemthethweni.
• Namajaji waba isebe eyahlukileyo, kwakunye yesigqeba.

umthetho yobusoshiyali

ilungelo loluntu inophawu ezahlukeneyo kunye iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke nqanaba yophuhliso lwayo. Inqanaba lokuqala linyathelo malunga nokudala lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali. Eli nqanaba kushukunyiswa ukuthanda sabasebenzi, Izilumko ukusebenza kunye nabalimi, kwenziwa umthetho.

Inqanaba lesibini iwela eqongeni socialism sele iphuhlisiwe, xa umthetho iyakhiwa ukuthanda bonke abantu. umthetho Socialist neneempawu zilandelayo:

• Kokulingana, nobuntu, ubulungisa kunye nedemokhrasi.
• amandla fixed njengomncedisi ebantwini.
• Inqanaba lokuqala sizalwa ilungelo olungalinganiyo. Kuqala inikwa sabasebenzi kunye neeklasi encedisayo.
• Kwisigaba sesibini wathi yayo kazwelonke.
• Yathi ilawulwe kurhulumente, kodwa practice elingayizalisanga iziseko theoretical component.

theory zomthetho

Umthetho Ukwakheka kuchaphazela izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Le meko ikhokelela ekudalweni iindlela ezahlukeneyo ekufundweni komthetho kunye nokupheliswa beengcamango ezahlukeneyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke ingcamango enye ibonakala ukubaxa elinye icala ngasekunene, ebetha ngaphandle abanye. ifomu yabo kwinkqubo yophuhliso ayifani, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukuya kumhla kwafika kwithiyori umthetho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo. Baqala ukuvela ngamaxesha amandulo. Kuzalwa imvelaphi yayo kuthiwa yaMandulo Greece neRoma Ancient. Isimilo kunye nobulungisa nomthetho, sizalwa yobuntu, ukuzama ukuchonga nokuchaza nkqu uSocrates, uPlato. Ngokuphelele uhlobo kwithiyori amalungelo endalo olufunyenwe kwiinkulungwane 17-18 kwi-sikhokelo imisebenzi Hobbes, Radishchev, Locke kunye nabanye. Umsebenzi wabo ukwahlula phakathi ekunene kunye nomthetho. Siye wabeka isiseko kwithiyori Grotius, Diderot, Rousseau kunye nabanye. Kakuhle eli mthetho yendalo umiselwa ukuba akukho nje ukudala imo HIV, kodwa emi ngaphezu ilungelo lakhe zendalo. Ziyafana ukuze bonke abemi kwaye banikwa kuye ekuzalweni. ukuphunyezwa iyafuneka, ekubeni umthombo ayikho urhulumente kodwa uhlobo womntu.
2. School Historical yoMthetho. Zikhule 18-19 kwiinkulungwane imikhosi Hugo, Savigny, Puchta. Kulo mbono phantsi komthetho iqondwa njenge imveliso imeko yokomoya yabantu, icala ngokusemthethweni kuluntu. Ilungelo inophawu wesizwe, kwaye komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni uluvo zesimo karhulumente.
3. Ithiyori yomthetho emisiweyo. Lithe laqhenqetha phakathi abantu wesithathu lokuqala imikhosi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Kedzena, Uyangcangcazela, Novgorodtseva. Kelzen yachaza kanye njengoko kufakwa kudidi nonxantathu lwemigangatho apho ilawula "izinga esisiseko". Wayibiza ngokuba siseko. Isiseko kunye amanyathelo okuqala iphiramidi kukho izivumelwano, imimiselo yolawulo, izimvo zeejaji kunye nezinye izenzo umlinganiswa ngamnye. Okunye enamandla ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni lwembono, amanyathelo, ukubonelela semthethweni yalo ezisezantsi. theory obusemthethweni kufuneka ixhomekeke ideology. Kuyinto eyiyo kwimeko ezinzileyo okugxininisa oku komthombo amalungelo omntu kunye nenkululeko.
4. theory yokuhlalisana yomthetho. Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Abaseki - Ehrlich, Murom, Kantorowicz kunye nabanye. Oku kufuna ukuba ngokuphandle nokukhululeka komthetho-ukwenziwa abagwebi. Kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-mmiselo, evunywe yi ngumthetho. Byi ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekunene, njengoko zomthetho nezobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ijaji ingqalelo ngumdali komthetho.
5. Theory Psychological yoMthetho. Zivela kwi kubulela kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya imisebenzi Ross, Petrazhitsky, Tarde. Ilungelo iyahlula ibe ngamaqela amabini - elihle kwaye ongenantandabuzo.
6. Imfundiso ngokweMarxist komthetho. Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Abaseki ke uKarl Marx, Friedrich Engels kunye Vladimir Lenin. Ilungelo uchazwa ukuthanda ababusi lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko. Ilungelo uzimisele ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente.

imisebenzi elungileyo

Imisebenzi yomthetho ziquka:

• ezoqoqosho;
• lezopolitiko;
• zemfundo;
• imibono;
• humanistic;
• zokulawula;
• egadile.

Ngamnye kubo idlala indima enkulu ekumiseleni ulawulo lomthetho.