Iintlobo Tywina. Zingaphi iintlobo kwezimvu apho

Ukutywinwa - igama oqhelekileyo ezanyisayo zaselwandle, leyo eye abameli iintsapho ezimbini: langoku amatywina amade. Kwanele angenzi kumhlaba, bona ukudada ngokubonakalisa uthakazelelo phantsi kwamanzi. indawo Traditional kwendawo yazo - kwimimandla yonxweme ezinezinga akumzantsi wasentla. Iintlobo Tywina ezikhoyo kwindalo, zahluke kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye imbonakalo yazo, imikhwa kunye nendlela yokuphila iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo.

amatywina Origin

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iminyanya ezanyisayo pinnipeds ngokukhululekileyo kwaoko waphila emhlabeni. Kamva, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba zisiba mbi iimeko zemozulu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuhla aye emanzini. Kulo mzekelo, mhlawumbi amatywina lokwenyaniso amafubesi bavela kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa ukuba izinyanya zexesha langoku, okanye abaqhelekileyo, izimvu izidalwa ezifana iilynx ukuba elinesihlanu yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwenzeka kwi North Atlantic. Otariids yamandulo kakhulu - ookhokho bakhe, ezincancisayo cynomolgus, iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu yezigidi eyadlulayo wayehlala ezinezinga kumntla Pacific Ocean.

Umahluko kubume emzimbeni

imvelaphi engahambisani kula maqela mabini zamanzi kungqina umahluko omkhulu isakhiwo amathambo wabo. Ngoko ke, lo itywina eqhelekileyo kumhlaba phantse ukuzenzela nto. Elunxwemeni yena elele esiswini sakhe, zinamaphiko zakhe phambi ning'ong'oza emacaleni kunye umva zirhuqwe ecaleni emhlabeni ngathi nomsila intlanzi uyaguquka. Ukuya phambili, isilwanyana onyanzelwayo ukuba utsibe rhoqo, za uhambisa umzimba wakho enzima kakhulu.

uphawu amafubesi, ngokuchaseneyo, lixhaswa yomine imilenze. Ngelo xesha akheke aphambili la izihlunu ngokwaneleyo ezinamandla ukumelana ubunzima bomzimba ngokwanelisayo enkulu, ngoxa amajoni ukuba baphazanyiswe ngasemva, kwaye zisasazwa phambili kwaye ibekwe phantsi esiswini. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku wenkomo, ukuba uyehla "zinyalasa", besebenzisa zonke amaphiko kwinkqubo ukuhamba, kwaye 'hobble "ngesantya enesidima kakhulu xa kuyimfuneko. Ngaloo ndlela, uphawu uyakwazi ukubaleka elunxwemeni elulwalwa, oluikhawuleza ngaphezu kokuba umntu.

Njengoko seal edadayo

Le emaphikweni phambi kwezimvu incinane kakhulu ngasemva. Le yokugqibela njalo ukutsala umva kwaye musa bagobe kwi entlanganweni isithende. Abakwazi ukuba abe inkxaso xa uhamba kuyo umhlaba, kodwa emanzini isilwanyana isecaleni kubulela kubo, ekwenzeni imivumbo ezinamandla.

uphawu amafubesi enambuzelayo emanzini kakhulu eyahlukileyo. It ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise ngathi lukanombombiya, yangaphambili ngesibindi ukusebenza. Emenza akheke enza kuphela nje amaphini okugwedla.

incazelo jikelele

iintlobo ngeentlobo amatywina kakhulu zahluke ubude (phantse enye enesiqingatha ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu) kunye ubunzima bomzimba (eyindoda - ukusuka ngeekhilogram asixhenxe ukuya kwiitoni ezintathu). Le inkulu phakathi amatywina abaqhelekileyo - amatywina elephant, kwaye incinane - amatywina engqongwe. amatywina amafubesi, njengoko umgaqo azikho enkulu,. I inkulu kubo, ingonyama ulwandle, angakhula ukuya kwiimitha ezine ubunzima ngakumbi kancinane nje ngetoni nganye. Incinane, Kerch uboya itywina - itywina, zalishumi kuphela malunga nekhulu eekhilogremu baze bafikelele ubude enye enesiqingatha. Xa amatywina eziphuhliswe dimorphism ngokwesondo - eyindoda bebodlula kakhulu ababhinqileyo ubunzima kunye nomzimba ngobukhulu.

ukumila seal udalelwe intshukumo lula emanzini. Bonke babe umzimba side, a, intamo ende bhetyebhetye, nomsila omfutshane kodwa kakuhle echazwe. Intloko idla ezincinane, neendlebe ibonakala ngokucacileyo kuphela amatywina amade; kule ngxoxo enye zitho imingxunya ezincinane emacaleni entloko.

Lumanyanisa zonke amatywina phambi ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze amanqatha ongama, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ivenkile ubushushu elungileyo ngamanzi abandayo. Tyulenyata iintlobo ezininzi bazalwa, Bathiwe wambu koboya, leyo azikho ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezintathu (umbala wayo, ngokuqhelekileyo abamhlophe). Tywina real (abadala) has a entlonzeni rough kungekho iqapheleka podpushka kunye elephant amatywina konke, ndayihluthwa naye phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ke amatywina ekusasazweni, kuba podpushka ezintofontofo, ngokuchaseneyo, ukusetyenziswa kumxholo wawakhoakulula zamahlathi, kwaye zamanzi ebudaleni isaqhubeka inoboya obukhulu.

indlela yokuphila

Uninzi seal bahlala kwimimandla yonxweme - apho kwamanzi ukuvuka ukusuka ezantsi umzimba ngamanzi lubanzi yezidalwa ezincinane. Kwezi ndawo, ndafumana ezininzi zezilwanyana zasemanzini. Yena, ke, sidliwe ntlanzi, ezo zityiwa amatywina.

It is a esihamba. Uphawu na isakhiwo amazinyo, ezifana ezanyisayo karhataka. Yena ukhetha ukuzingela ngokungena ezinzulwini. Ngaphandle intlanzi, seals kudla yenamvuna, oononkala, izilwanyana. Leopard nokuhlaselwa seal Penguin ngamaxesha kunye namanye, ezincinane, seals.

Ezi zidalwa apha ngokugqibeleleyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Bona ke ubukhulu becala indlela amanzi, ehla phezu kwelizwe yokulala ngamaxesha Ukobuza zizalele nakuzo. Xa diving itywina, emathatheni akhe nendlebe imingxunyana asondelelene, angavumeli ukuba amanzi ukuba angene. Uninzi amatywina yamehlo, kodwa amehlo akhe apha naphaya ukuba bagcine intshukumo amanzi ukhanyo oluncinane.

buphindwe

Ngexesha zikhwelwe iintlobo ezininzi amatywina bokwenyaniso ukudala isibini. Ezinesithembu kuphela amatywina elephant kunye ngetywina gray. iimazi Pregnancy ithatha iintsuku 280 ukuya-350, emva koko kuvele ukukhanya Lithole omnye - i abanorhatyazo kwaye kwasekwa ngokupheleleyo. Unina ufunza ubisi amanqatha kweeveki ezimbalwa ukuya nyanga, ukuyeka ukuncancisa ngexesha tyulenonok ayiphumeleli ukuvelisa ukutya kwabo. Kangangethuba abantwana balambile, ukusinda ngeendleko yovimba ezingasetyenziswanga ngamanqatha.

Ngenxa uboya obumhlophe, iimfele kunye nesambatho phantse imperceptible kwisiqalo bekhephu, tyulenonok usana kwamenza lesiqhulo "belok". Itywina, Noko ke, akusoloko ukuzalwa umhlophe: imivundla ulwandle amathole, umzekelo, yomnquma-mdaka ngebala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimazi zama ukufihla abantwana kwi "imingxuma" ngekhephu phakathi hummocks ngumkhenkce, nto leyo inegalelo ukuze basinde ngcono.

seal amafubesi ngexesha lokuzala khona imihlambi enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu kwiindawo esitheleyo unxweme kunye iziqithi. Le yokuqala ukuvela phezu kweendonga ento eyindoda, leyo bazama ukumbamba kwiindawo ezininzi, amalungiselelo umlo kunye nabanye. Ngoko kukho imazi kwi rookery. Emva kwexesha elithile, ngamnye kubo wazala Lithole, yaye kungekudala emva koko, waphinda zidityaniswe kunye kwindoda iyaqhubeka yokukhusela indawo yalo. Ndlongo otariids eyindoda ufela ekupheleni zikhwelwe. Ngoko ke izilwanyana eqala ixesha ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba achithe emanzini. Kwisibanzi ezibandayo, baye bafudukela ukuchitha ubusika khona apho, nto leyo isuntswana ezifudumeleyo yaye ezininzi zigcinwe iimeko zivuma kufutshane neendawo rookeries zazo kulo nyaka.

Iintlobo yeyona yaziwa zamanzi

Xa intsapho lamatywina, ngokutsho kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ivela elinesibhozo iintlobo ezingamashumi amabini anesine.

Ezi ziquka:

• Seal (white-bellied, Hawaii, Caribbean);
• amatywina elephant (ngasentla nangasezantsi);
• uphawu Ross;
• seal Weddell;
• uphawu-cynomolgus;
• uphawu nengwe;
• elineentshebe (nomvundla elwandle);
• seal afihle;
• amatywina eziqhelekileyo zinomchokose;
• amatywina (Baikalian, lweCaspian kunye engqongwe);
• uphawu ndiyingwevu;
• seal uhadi;
• cape (enemigca ngetywina).

Zonke iintlobo itywina kule ntsapho zimelwe kwi izilwanyana eRashiya.

amade seal

zezilwanyana Modern iquka iintlobo elinesine okanye ishumi elinesihlanu kwezimvu amafubesi. Zingamaqela babe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu (subfamily).

Iqela lokuqala luquka lamatywina, ezibandakanya:

• Northern (uhlobo kuphela igama elifanayo);
• Southern (South American, New Zealand, zeGalapagos, Kerguelen, fernandessky, ekapa, Guadeloupe, subantarctic).

Iqela lesibini ukhandwa iingonyama elwandle :

• Sivuchya (ngasentla);
• California;
• zeGalapagos;
• Japanese;
• langasezantsi;
• Australian;
• New Zealand.

Xa amanzi amatywina Russian kule ntsapho thaca Steller iingonyama yezimvu emantla ulwandle.

iintlobo ezikhuselweyo kwezimvu

Ngenxa Ukungenela yabantu kubomi endalo, iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana, kuquka lamatywina, namhlanje sengozini yokutshabalala.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Red Book of Russia abhalwe iintlobo ezininzi zamanzi. Oku iingonyama ulwandle ohlala kwi Kuril and Commander Islands mmandla kunye ena. Kwakhona ngokuba itywina ezinqabileyo ezirhwexu, okanye Larga, abahlala kwiMpuma Ekude. Okhuselweyo ngoku a itywina izimvi dlinnomordy okanye tevyak. Ifumaneka kuLwandle aseBalti kunye nonxweme Murmansk. Esengozini imbokodo iye engqongwe itywina - okuloba Far ezixabisekileyo ngetywina.

I-Red Book of Ukraine iqulethe ingxelo seal. Conservation ubume lweentlobo kuluhlu "engekhoyo." Le sisilwanyana oneentloni abe amandla okuzala ephantsi yaye engomelele phambi close zabantu. malunga kuphela ezilishumi izibini seal bahlala Sea Black, kwaye ehlabathini namhlanje inani labo liye abantu akukho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu.

uphawu olufanayo

Harbor zamanzi ezisasazwa kwi emideni kweelwandle kumantla Europe. Olu hlobo yokuphila ungenzi kakhulu, ukukhetha ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla yonxweme elulwalwa okanye oyisanti, iziqithi curl kunye braids zokupaka elunxwemeni. Ukutya eyintloko kufeza intlanzi kunye ezingenamqolo zasemanzini.

Amathole zikholisa wazalwa lamatywina kunxweme phakathi kukaMeyi noJulayi, kunye iiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa zithunyelwa emanzini. ubisi sikanina, badle inyanga kunye nexesha ukufumana ukudla okunesondlo ngeekhilogram ezingamashumi amathathu. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba lo amatywina ubisi imazi ufumana isixa esikhulu zesinyithi enzima zinambuzane ngenxa intlanzi ezityiwa kuyo, amathole abaninzi bayagula baze bafe.

Ngaphandle kokuba olu hlobo ayidweliswanga njenge malikhuseleke, umzekelo, nezirhwexu zamanzi itywina engqongwe, oko kufuna sengqondo ngenyameko kuwe, ngokuba amanani ayo chu ukuhla.

seal cynomolgus

Antarctic Seals cynomolgus ngoku kuthathwa iintlobo ezininzi amaninzi itywina ehlabathini. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani ukufikelela lawo abantu abasixhenxe ukuya amane ezigidi - kube kane ngaphezu kwenani onke amanye amatywina.

abadala Ubukhulu - ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, baza ubunzima obunzima buziikhilogram ezimbini ezingamakhulu amathathu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iimazi le iintlobo zamanzi lilikhulu kancinci nje into eyindoda. Ezi zilwanyana bahlala Southern Ocean, uhamba kufuphi nonxweme ehlotyeni kwaye kungena ukuwa afuduka ngasentla.

Badla becala kwi krill (kwezilwanyana Antarctic), oku kunegalelo isakhiwo akhethekileyo emihlathini yabo.

Iintshaba eziphambili zendalo zamanzi cynomolgus ezi ingwe itywina kunye whale obulalayo. Eyokuqala isisongelo ngokuyintloko izilwanyana mncinane, uthambile. Ukususela iminenga basindiswe lamatywina, né emangalisayo utsibela phezu floes komkhenkce emanzini.

nengwe seal

Le uphawu baselwandle akulolize "nobizo" irhamncwa sidwelise usapho cat. umzingeli inenkohliso nakhohlakeleyo, yinto umxholo kuphela yeentlanzi, amaxhoba zakhe yoonombombiya, skuas loon kunye nezinye iintaka. Wayedla uhlasela nkqu amatywina ezincinane.

Amazinyo lesi silwanyana mancinane, kodwa ezibukhali kwaye ixesha elide. iimeko ezaziwayo zokuhlaselwa amatywina nengwe yabantu. Kanye "umhlaba" ingwe irhamncwa elwandle esikhumbeni zinamabala: kwisiqalo gray emnyama saa ngokungenamkhethe namabala amnyama.

Kunye nombulali whale nehlosi saselwandle ingqalelo omnye umhlaseli ibalulekileyo mmandla osemazantsi ezibandayo. Tywina ekufikeleleni eziimitha ezintathu ezinesiqingatha kubude nezinobunzima ngaphezulu kwe amane anamanci mahlanu neekhilogram nako ukuhamba ngesantya okumangalisayo ezigudle ngumkhenkce aphile. Gesi, njengokuba umthetho, wahlasela emanzini.

Leopard wokutywina - kuphela lamatywina, leyo kwenza isiseko yomxhesho izidalwa ezinegazi elishushu.