Iintsholongwane ungqukuva (nangomchako, micrococci, diplococci): isakhiwo, ubukhulu, ukuhamba

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ezi bacterium izidalwa indala emhlabeni. Bona inxaxheba kuzo zonke ixesha yomjikelo lomba endalweni. Kule ezigidi zeminyaka yobomi bakhe iintsholongwane wathabatha ukulawula iinkqubo ezifana yokubola, ukwetyisa, ehlukene, yokwetyiswa njalo njalo. Small, ayibonakali amajoni ngeso yonke. Abaphila ngayo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, eluswini zethu nkqu nangaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ngeyantlukwano yabo, ingathatha ngaphezu kwesinye ubomi. Kanti ke, uzame kwakhona iintlobo eziphambili iintsholongwane, ugxininise eziphilayo ungqukuva olunye-elilodwa.

Ubukumkani iintsholongwane, okanye yintoni ukufunda eziphilayo

Wildlife wohlulwe izikumkani 5 enkulu. Omnye wabo - kummandla iintsholongwane. Kukho subkingdoms ezimbini bamanyane iintsholongwane kwakunye nezityalo blue-eluhlaza. Izazinzulu kusoloko kuthethwa ezi zinto ziphilayo zezi Monera, nto leyo ibonakalisa data inkqubo yokuzala kweseli, wanciphiswa "atsho", oko kukuthi ukwahlukana.

ubukumkani iintsholongwane inxaxheba eziphilayo sifundo. Izazinzulu kweli cala nokumisa izinto eziphilayo zobukumkani, ahlalutye morphology, ukufunda ezinto amalungu, kuba izinto zazivelela kunye nendima kwi ecosystem i planethi.

Isakhiwo jikelele weeseli bacteria

Zonke iifom ezinkulu iintsholongwane kufuneka isakhiwo ethile. Abanalo inucleus engqongwe inwebu ukuba bazahlule kusukela kukho icytoplasm. eziphilayo enjalo ibizwa prokaryotes. iintsholongwane ezininzi ejikelezwe yi inwebu kwiinwebu leli philisi, leyo linika ukumelana phagocytosis. A inkalo ekhethekileyo abameli zobukumkani kukukwazi nokuzala yonke imizuzu 20-30.

iiseli bacteria babe iimilo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuhlelwa babo:

1. Iintsholongwane cocci (ukulenza).
2. Intonga-ezimile (iintsholongwane eletha).
3. iintsholongwane ephothiweyo, egosogoso (vibrio kunye spirilla).
4. Chain-bacteria (iStreptococcus).
5. ifomu Acinar (staphylococci).

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi bacterium ungqukuva, kunye igama eliqhelekileyo cocci.

Spherical (cocci): ngamagqabantshintshi iintsholongwane

Nendwangu gama wangena eziphilayo evela kwisiLatini. ixabiso layo - "ungqukuva" "ukulenza". Nangona kukho inguqulelo eli gama libhekisela ulwimi yamaGrike, nokubaluleka kwayo - "okuziinkozo". Yaye eneneni, yaye kwelinye icala, igama ibonisa imbonakalo ngaphandle silwanyana. Oku kuthetha ukuba le ntsholongwane kufuneka imilo ukulenza ajikelezayo. Ngamanye amaxesha iseli ibe ngandlel evuthelweyo kwaye zenze kufutshane elimbhoxo, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ziye atshabalalisa kancinci yokuxazulula. Yonke bacterium olu hlobo ukugogeka angakwazi sporulation. I-avareji sangqa cocci - 0.5-1.5 microns.

iintsholongwane Spherical zihlala emhlabeni, emoyeni, phezu mveliso. Ukufumana kwi indawo evumayo, iseli uqalisa inkqubo ukuzalela ngenkuthalo. Kwakheka kwi kumphezulu amathanga ezimhlophe, ongwevu, mthubi okanye obomvu virus. Ngexesha lokwanda, ndlovu nganye ungqukuva yaphukile ezimbini kulo naliphi na moya. Emva ukwahlula bacterium ungqukuva okanye ukuzimela okanye zidibene nezinye cocci.

Icandelo iintlobo

Group iintsholongwane globular iyahluka. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho qheke ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• Gram-HIV micrococci ukulenza;
• diplococci pair ahanjiswa;
• streptococci ezinxulumene chain bacteria;
• ukwakha ngokwahlula-hlula tetrakokki square;
• ukwakha ngokwahlula-hlula sartsiny cube;
• zithembise nakancinane xa kufikelelwa kulogo iindlela staphylococci.

Zonke ezi ntsholongwane cocci aneempawu zabo, ezo kuphela kwinkqubo sisahlula. Oku kufuna inkcazelo engaphezulu ngalunye.

iimpawu micrococci

On Imiphezulu ilahlwe abantu abangatshatanga micrococci okanye amaqela ezingaqhelekanga. Xa ebekwe kwi Micrococcus ashinyeneyo zizondlo medium Kuya kubonwa ukuyilwa agudileyo, elirhangqiweyo nwe imibala ezininzi (namhlophe, naziiperile, obomvu). Lo mbala ixhomekeke iiseli kombala okanye ikhuphe imveliso onombala kokusingqongileyo.

Micrococci na aerobes nesibopho. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ioksijini yokuphefumla. Ngendlela yokondla ezi ntsholongwane (micrococci ungqukuva) - saprophytes, okanye ezidala ozikhethelayo. Oko kukuthi, baye bakwazi ukufumana izondlo ukuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso nyama okanye ziphuma okanye utye ezinye kwizihlunu zomzimba.

Micrococci na izifo, okt ingangqubani eqhelekileyo ukusebenza, ubuchule kunye nemfezeko kwizihlunu. Inkoliso yezi Cya likhula kwiqondo lobushushu ezisukela-25 ukuya ku-30 ° C. Kodwa abanye kubo ngaphandle kwalomqolo kwaye ezinako yokuzala kubushushu ka 5-8 ° C, okanye wabulawa ukufudumeza ukuya 60-65 ° C.

Kubantu, micrococci afumaneka eluswini em- zomlomo, iphecana sokuphefumla. Ngamanye amaxesha obuni okanye conjunctiva.

Ingakumbi ukulenza amagciwane diplococcus

Kukho kwakhona iintsholongwane ungqukuva ezi diplococci. Ezi bacterium imilo ungqukuva zikhona ngababini. Yiyo lo msebenzi waba sisiseko ukuvela elithi "diplococcus". It luqokelelane ukusuka diploos igama lesiGrike, leyo iguqulelwe ngokuthi "kabini." Medicine eyabelwe malunga iintlobo 80 iintsholongwane kabini. Emzimbeni, badla sikhusela philisi, leyo ukuyilwa Singabhalwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0.2 microns zamafu. Philisi usoloko unxibelelwano eyomeleleyo iindonga iseli ye iintsholongwane, kuyenzeka ukubona zophendlo lwezifo izinto smear. Diplokokki isicelo iintsholongwane ezimbi-Igram kunye Igram-HIV. They are izifo. Imizekelo iintsholongwane ungqukuva ngoweqela diplokokki - na gonococcus, pneumococcus kunye meningococcus. Bathi zezi: ukuvuza ngaphantsi, lobar inyumoniya kunye meningitis.

Gonococcus na ubume diplokokkov zonke iindidi izifo. Ezi cocci izifo akheke bhegi kabini. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko eziphelelwa imilo yazo yoqobo kunye nohlobo neqaqobana iintsholongwane. Ukuze awayiboni smear esithathwe gonococci kwaye kugqiba inani leukocytes egazini. Namhlanje, ukuvuza ngaphantsi na sifo ixhaphakileyo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini. Esi sifo ezosulela ngesondo.

Pneumococci useza kuphela semiphunga lobar, kodwa otitis eendaba okanye sinusitis. Le bacterium kabini-lanceolate. Kuyinto fixed, kodwa ubukhulu layo lingaphantsi kwe-1.25 microns. IStreptococcus pneumoniae i Igram-HIV igciwane.

Meningococcus - bacteria-ezifana isiseko The zomphunga wanamathela kunye. Ukubonakala ngandlel ezifana gonococcus. Ububanzi meningococcus - i inwebu kwiinwebu ebuchotsheni. Izigulane kuyakrokreleka meningitis ngokuyimfuneko esibhedlele.

Staphylococci kunye streptococci: ingakumbi iintsholongwane

Cinga ezinye iintsholongwane ezimbini, iifom globular bakhonkxiwe ngemixokelelwane, okanye baphuhlisa ngeendlela ezikhululekileyo. It streptococci kunye staphylococci.

Streptococci e microflora ezininzi zabantu. Xa hlanganyela iintsholongwane ungqukuva ukudala zomqala okanye imixokelelwane ezincinane. Streptococci kunokubangela usuleleko kunye nokudumba. kwasendaweni Favorite - umlomo, isisu, angasese kunye kwiinwebu phecana sokuphefumla.

Staphylococci yahlulwa phakathi iinqwelomoya ezininzi. Zinika iidiliya evela iiseli bacteria. Wakwazi ukubangela iinkqubo ukudumba kuzo zonke izicwili kunye namaziko.

Ziziphi izigqibo kufuneka Ulwenze ke uluntu

Indoda esetyenziswa kakhulu into yokuba ngukumkani wendalo. Amaninzi, udla kuphela kumandla ndisisilo. Ke ehlabathini kukho indawo epheleleyo ehlanganisa eziphilayo ayibonakali ngamehlo. Baye kulwamkelo liphezulu okusingqongileyo kwaye zibe nefuthe zonke iinkqubo nemvelo. kudala abantu Smart baye baqaphela ukuba "ezincinane" akuthethi 'lingeloncedo' okanye 'ekhuselekileyo. " Ngaphandle iintsholongwane bonke ubomi on Earth ayeke nje. Ngaphandle ingqalelo iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela - ulahlekelwa umgangatho kwaye uyafa ngaphandle.