Iinyani ezinika umdla malunga penguins. Yoonombombiya e Antarctica: Inkcazo

EYurophu, iintaka funny kwi "nemisila" abamnyama zaziwa kwinkulungwane yokuqala elinesithandathu, kubulelwe Oomatiloshe evela ePortugal. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga yoonombombiya nangoko ngokuba kubo novelwano abaMhlophe. Igama "lukanombombiya" livela i IsiNgesi igama igcina. Ngokutsho komnye iinguqulelo ezikhoyo iguqulelwe kwi-Welsh pengwyn kuthetha - intloko ezimhlophe. Yeyiphi eyona efanelekileyo kakhulu nenkcazelo ezi zidalwa umdla wendalo. Yoonombombiya e Antarctica - intaka kuphela ehlabathini ukuba ayikwazi ukubhabha, kodwa qubha enkulu adlulele komhlaba.

Iintlobo yoonombombiya e Antarctica

Le intsapho iintaka ukubhabha iquka iintlobo malunga namashumi amabini. Abantu banolwazi izibakala ezininzi ezinomdla malunga penguins. Abameli eziphilayo nganye iimpawu zazo ukwazi ukuba ukwahlula enye kwenye.

oonombombiya Magellanic kuhle yaye lilungu elinye iintlobo zincinane yayisecicini yokutshabalala.

Adele - lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo intsapho iphela. Igama lentaka yathiywa emva ndawo, apho kuyi- kuqala - Terre Adélie.

ZeGalapagos - amalungu kumntla sodidi. Zihlala kufutshane kakhulu-ikhweyitha kwi zeGalapagos Nqabakazi, xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, akukho eziziimpawu oonombombiya. Ezi simpatyazhka, ngelishwa, kungekudala shwaka ebusweni Umhlaba, ukuba zisemngciphekweni wokuphela.

Gentoo - olu hlobo yeyona inkulu yesithathu emva kokuba umlawuli kunye nokumkani penguins.

Stone - amalungu entsapho akalawuleki kwaye zala maxesha, ahluke nephuku ngenkohlakalo.

Imperial - iimbono idumileyo ehlabathini. Ukongeza ezinkulu, zime phakathi namanye ukunyamezelana engaqhelekanga le kubanda kakhulu. Ingqele ezi ntaka ukuxakeka. Ewe kwi bavela Antarctica.

Ndibuhlungu into yokuba kule mihla uninzi lweentlobo zisemngciphekweni wokuphela.

Indawo endalo oonombombiya

Oonombombiya bahlala ngokwendalo kuphela ikhweyitha emazantsi kulo mhlaba. indawo wazo - Antarctica, Australia, Umzantsi Melika, South Africa kunye New Zealand. Iintaka zifumaneka kule ndawo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba amanzi asekuhlaleni becala yangoku ebandayo. ZeGalapagos Islands - yeyona ndawo ishushu yokuhlala yeentaka ukubhabha. Inane inkulu yoonombombiya kuvandlakanywa kunxweme Antarctica kufuphi kwiziqithi kunye ice floes enkulu.

incazelo

Yoonombombiya e Antarctica, ngokutsho iindidi zezinto eziphilayo zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye ubunzima, ubude kunye nenkangeleko. ubunzima babo ingahluka-1 ukuya 45-50 kg kunye nokuphakama ukususela-30 cm ukuya kwimitha 1, nangona abanye abantu axhome kwaye bulkier kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kwimozulu bahlala apho iintaka. Kwezo ndawo apho ubushushu umoya asezantsi, ukongama iintlobo kunazo kolu luhlu kanombombiya. Oonombombiya incinane bahlala New Zealand kunye Australia, igama le hlobo "penguins elincinane". ubunzima yabo nekhilogram malunga enye kuphela.

iintaka umzimba kuhlengahlengiswa, sibulela kule bakwazi ngokukhululekileyo liqhekeza ukuqubha phantsi kwamanzi. Baye basungula kakuhle izihlunu, izihlunu ubunzima yi malunga ne-30% yabo bonke ubunzima bomzimba. Ithambo ngaphandle mgodini, oko lunomahluko ukusuka oonombombiya iintaka, amathambo kunye nemiphunga ogama tubular eziphaphazelayo.

ngeengcamba ezintathu manzi "leenwele" abaninzi - a liyaphapha emhle "nemisila." Umoya rivaleleke phakathi iintsiba, kumo umzimba ngexesha siqubha ngamanzi abandayo. Ngexesha ukobuza utshintsho usiba ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha yokutshintsha "iimpahla" iintaka azikwazi kudada, ngoko kufuneka sihlale silambe kude kube lelo xesha, kude kube "ukutshintsha impahla" kwi iintsiba ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yoonombombiya musa ngumkhenkce ngenxa isentimitha ezintathu-inwebu ngamanqatha.

Oonombombiya badle?

Nangona kwamanzi, iefa ungabona kuhle kakhulu, kungcono kakhulu kunokuba phezu komhlaba. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni ukutya yoonombombiya, impendulo ilula - iintlanzi. iintlobo sabantu eziphila elwandle asisiseko ekutyeni. Nelesardiyo, horse mackerel, anchovy - iyathandwa zeentaka. Exutywe nge mgangathweni.Ukutya squid kunye krill.

Emini, zikanombombiya diving emanzini ukususela kumaxesha 300 ukuya-900 ukuze sifumane ukutya kwabo. Ngexesha amaqanda bafukanywe kunye Ukobuza, xa kungekho ithuba ukuya iintlanzi, iintaka ungaphulukana isiqingatha ubunzima iyonke.

Indlela yokuphila endle

Group yoonombombiya banxibelelane nabanye ngokusebenzisa ekhala, kunye neentlobo nganye izandi yayo. Penguin African zizalana imikhwazo ezisikhumbuza idonki.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ezi zidalwa ezithandekayo ayikwazi ukubhabha, nangona, kwaye amaphiko, kodwa ukudada ngokugqibeleleyo yehle, yaye kwiimeko obabubanda kakhulu. Phantsi amanzi, ukuba bayakwazi ukuya ngesantya kwe-10 km / h, kodwa oku kuphela avareji. E short imigama gentoo lukanombombiya, nto leyo luphawulwa ngesantya yayo, unako ukufikelela ngesantya 30-35 km / h.

Abaqhele diving iintaka ziyakwazi ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imizuzu 1-1.5, lo gama ezingena ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha 15-20. Kodwa ke kwakhona phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo iefa-ziintshatsheli. lula uMlawuli Penguin singena ukuba nzulu malunga neemitha ezingama-500 kwaye ubamba kuyinyusela imizuzu 15-18.

Kokuba aphume nakwiintaka yamanzi, ukuphakama ngokutsiba ungaba kuze kangangeemitha ezi-2, ngenxa yoko, ngoko nangoko bazifumane phezu komhlaba. Ukuba kunxweme, ezi neendadi kakhulu benza nzima kakhulu. Baya kuhamba kancinci, kwaneso ukusuka ngapha nangapha, ngokuyinxenye ngendlela yoonombombiya wonge ubushushu namandla. Apho kukho naluphi na umkhenkce isilayidi, iintaka kuwa phezu isisu sakho kwaye ezitshibilizayo phantsi sledging.

buphindwe

Ngexesha zikhwelwe yoonombombiya amantshontsho ezikhulayo uvune kumathanga ezinkulu. Lokuphathana kwempahla emfutshane ithatha indawo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kuba hatching amaqanda iintaka zezulu kwinto yokuba kukho "ngesandla". Ezi abe ngamatye, ingca, amagqabi. Ezi nketho aba oonombombiya ombuso kunye yobukumkani, babeka amaqanda yaseBhotsera okhethekileyo esiswini. Apho ke phambi amantshontsho.

Ithuba elisuke ithatha ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini. Ukuba ekuqaleni ukuba amaqanda amabini amantshontsho amabini amaqanda, abazali zonke ingqalelo kunikwa owamazibulo lakhe, kunye nomntwana yesibini ekupheleni loo oomama nokuphathwa abazali afe yindlala, nto leyo nto yenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi.

ntshaba zendalo

Ubomi yoonombombiya sihlala engozini. Kwindalo, ezi zidalwa iintshaba ezithandekayo luphuphume, hayi kuquka imisebenzi yabantu etshabalalisayo leyo kakhulu kuchaphazela ukuhla kwenani labemi kweentaka Antarctic.

I enzima akhawunti kuba lukanombombiya encinane, malunga-50% kuzo kufa kunyaka wokuqala yobomi bakhe. Iintshaba iphambili amantshontsho abo iintaka inyama, ezifana petrel olusemazantsi elikhulu. Ukongeza ingozi yokubulawa neenzipho, kids rhoqo engozini yokubulawa yindlala.

iintshaba zendalo oonombombiya yabadala ingqalelo ezizingelayo zaselwandle. Ezi ziquka ookrebe, iminenga umbulali, seals, nehlosi kunye neengonyama ulwandle. Malunga nama-6-10% eentaka kubulawa ngenxa yokungqubana nezi zilwanyana.

Ukuze kungasentla zingadityaniswa ukuba izinja zasendle, nto leyo waziphosa abantu kwakhona yingozi kakhulu ukuba zokuhlala hulking izidalwa abangengabo nako ukuphuma kubo yotshaba kumhlaba. Kwinkulungwane wamashumi amabini asendle zeGalapagos izinja amathanga yonke yoonombombiya yatshabalala.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga penguins

Xa amathanga ezi ntaka ukubhabha kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zininzi ukwazi. Ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga yoonombombiya namhlanje uya kuwusondeza ingqalelo yakho:

• real "eziguqulweyo" sidalwe amakoloni penguins. Amantshontsho abaneminyaka kwiiveki 4-6 ziyaqokelelwa endaweni enye kwaye ubukele abantwana ushiye abadala eziliqela "tutors". Abazali ngoko ukunikela lonke ixesha labo free bekhangela ukutya ngokwabo kwaye abantwana babo.
• Okwenzeka oonombombiya, ungabona ukuba xa kufika elunxwemeni, owokuqala kuma nje apho, ejonge omnye nomnye, emanzini ixesha elide kungekho namnye osondelayo. Emva kwexesha elithile, kukho omnye uvulindlela apho ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuziphosa emanzini. nangoko sukela ekuphumleni kwakhe. Oku kuziphatha ubizwa ngokuba "isiphumo igcina". Hi ndlela leyi, kananjalo, kaninzi imeko efanayo phakathi kwabantu. • Ukuze uhambe ngokukhawuleza, hambisa oonombombiya, etsiba ephuma emanzini ezifana dolphins.
• Iintaka ndingasela ityuwa emanzini olwandle, njengoko bazenze zambi amadlala ezizodwa zigutyula ityuwa kwemfuneko.
• Ngexesha ukufudumala, kungekhona ukuze bawe phakathi ngumkhenkce, oonombombiya ukuhamba, ukutyibilika phezu isisu sakhe, kuqalwa imilenze namaphiko.