Imali Chinese. imali Chinese: izihloko. imali Chinese: photo

Yuan emva uqoqosho Chinese ukukhula kakhulu kwandisa ukubaluleka yayo ehlabathini. Makhe sibone ukuba iimeko amisele noluvo lwehlabathi le PRC lwemali.

Igama elilungileyo lwemali

Yuan - ekuthiwa-mali yaseTshayina ehlabathini. Eli gama, nangona kunjalo, oku ncam ukutshatisa isandi lwemali kazwelonke China ngokwayo. Kwiphandle engamaphepha Chinese ibizwa nje kuphela "RMB" (in translation - "imali zabantu"). Kodwa yuan - yinto sisibizo, okuthetha umgaqo imali. Kodwa kufushane kunye euphony igama Chinese ukuze uxhamle ukuphumla, ikakhulu ihlabathi Western.

Imigangatho ISO, uphawu lwangoku esemthethweni - CNY. Enye Yuan ( "RMB") ilingana nekhulu fenyam (igama labo phakathi China nakwezinye iindawo ehlabathini kuyafana). Ngenxa yoko, i "penny" zinokudityaniswa zibe jiao - ngaphezulu izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezu ezilingana (ezifana kwi US "daimyo"). Ngoko ke, imali China i-zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 Yuan = 10 jiao, nto leyo efanayo 10 fenyam. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, "penny" ezivenkileni Chinese nzima ukufumana, ukusukela ukuba asuswe ejikeleza. Le ngqekembe yemali iqhelekileyo elinye okanye ezintlanu jiao. Kwakhona kwi "metal" i yuan enye.

imbali yuan

Imbali yemali China isusela emva amawaka eminyaka. Ngabalinganiswa abaza elithi "impahla", "Thenga", ukuthengisa "," exchange "kwaye ezinxulumene nabo phakathi intsingiselo, imithombo, ebonisa ixesha yamhlamnene. Imali yokuqala ngengqiqo njengesiqhelo kwavela lizwe kwi BC ngenkulungwane 5. e. Okokuqala, ngokohlobo etshe zobhedu (okanye ngohlobo izinto ezilula yasekhaya - umhlakulo, imela), ngoko kwakukho zemali Chinese.

Imali isithuba esilingana eYurophu, kunye iisampulu zobhedu aye kuthi yongezwe ilothe zentsimbi kunye format, kwaye ibandakanya imali iphepha ejikeleza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imali Chinese unenzondelelo emgangathweni "siliva", yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini -. "Gold" Xa kwafika amaKomanisi kumandla, yaBantu Bank of China yamiselwa. Yonke imali ezibe ejikeleza phakathi kwabantu, ngokuxhomekeka ukurhoxiswa exchange kwi renminbi - mali omtsha Chinese, abo "eyilwayo zabantu." Efanayo Imbambano lwemali esitsha makulawulwe ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente.

nkqubo rate Exchange

De 1974, umgangatho wonaniselwano le yuan Chinese wasebenza, ngokuqhelekileyo njengesikhokelo imina leyo, kodwa emva koko kuchaphulo olu sele isetyenziswe ngokunxulumene kwi US dollar. Ngo-1994, urhulumente waqalisa Neqabaka le renminbi kumanqaku yebhanki US xa om-8.27 ukuya ku-1 renminbi "buck", eyathatha iminyaka eli-11. Oku kwabangela ukunganeliseki phakathi amanye amaqabane zorhwebo of China, kuquka eUnited States. Abasemagunyeni Chinese ziye phantsi koxinzelelo ngenxa yinkululeko umgaqo wolawulo-mali, ukusukela, ngenxa nabameli bamanye amazwe, ngenxa neqondo eliphantsi wonaniselwano yuan, China kuya kuba luncedo ngokuncama okuthenga. Le meko zinje ngokuyinxenye kungqinwe amanani: ezimbi eseleyo yorhwebo eUnited States China ngaphaya $ 160 yezigidi zezigidi ngo-2004, yaye ngowe-2005, waqhubeka wanda. Kodwa lo nyaka, urhulumente Chinese laphelisa "qhwa" kule khosi. Noko ke, njengoko kuqatshelwe ezinye iingcali, ekubeni yuan asizange wakhululwa ukuba abhabhe ngokukhululekileyo, yaye ikhondo lawo enziwe ngaphantsi.

Yuan and Ruble

Intsebenziswano Intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwe-Russia, China ngonyaka ngamnye ukunyanzela ngakumbi nangakumbi. Chinese imali, igama labo kunye neempawu pronunciation - hayi ezintsha kuba Russian Federation. EMoscow Beijing amalungiselelo umsebenzi joint kwimiba eliqela kwiindawo jikelele, ngoko ke intsebenziswano kwisigaba wolawulo lwemali idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu intsebenziswano urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngoku imali engange kunye Chinese imali zamabango ukuqukwa ezingenzeka kuluhlu iimali reserve, kodwa njengoko ixesha na njengoko oku kwenzeka xa befundisa.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kubekho intsingiselo - yokuhlala mutual kungekhona zeerandi okanye iiponti, kwaye engamaphepha yesizwe. Ngo-2010, le engange waqalisa ukuba wasebenza kwi Shanghai Stock Exchange, kwaye yuan, nayo - phezu MICEX kunye a th yokubheja. nabalawuli National zineziphumo ezahlukileyo phezu kwemimiselo zorhwebo. Central Bank of China abe umda nzima phezu kunyuka le yuan kwi istock exchange ngaphakathi 0.5%. Bank of Russia, njengoko umthetho, ichaphazela yorhwebo kusetyenziswa ungenelelo imali. Yuan phakathi Abarhwebi kukuba ekhula umdla, kukho Intanethi weendawo apho ngokukhawuleza translate imali Chinese Russian kwi ngeranti yangoku.

Ithemba yotyalo-yuan

Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba izinga lonaniselwano RMB nxamnye amazwe lingako, ngoko iyavakala ukutyala kunothi ebhankini Chinese kunye kulindeleke ukuba uya kuvuka elizayo kwangoku. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa urhwebo lwemali, i yuan ukuba ukhula, ayikho ngokukhawuleza njengoko angathanda abatyali-mali. Umzekelo, ngokunxulumene engange, zithi, nokuxatyiswa RMB kwiminyaka yakutshanje aye wabonisa avareji lokukhula eliyi-8% ngonyaka.

Malunga inzuzo efanayo inokuzisa ifakwe kwibhanki rhoqo. Bezimali ukutyala imali yuan kucetyiswa kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Okokuqala, uyacebiswa kwi siye njalo China. Okwesibini, yuan libe nokuthathelwa ingqalelo njenge "Indawo" lwemali diversify investment portfolio. Okwesithathu, iidiphozithi RMB kwiimeko yeebhanki Russian kungenza wenzala kunye Chinese ngokwabo, abeza sokhenketho okanye ishishini eRashiya.

Yuan kunye dollar

Ukuzalana yuan kunye lwemali ihlabathi eziphambili ngokucacileyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela izinto ziza kuphuhlisa kwi ubuhlobo phakathi kwamazwe ukukhupha imali. Omnye wemiba - uninzi loovimba zemali eTshayina yenzelwa eerandi. Kuxhomekeka ukuba Chinese iza kuqhubeka ukubamba neemali zangaphandle ngaphakathi kubume bomsebenzi, okanye ukhetha iyantluko portfolio. INtloko Central Bank of China wavakalisa le ngcamango kwi kwinqanaba elisemthethweni - ukuba oovimba welizwe akunalo kuphela zeerandi US. Inkcazelo eendaba kwabonakala ukuba China uza ukuthengisa malunga $ 2 zezigidi "eerandi" ukususela 3,04 ekhoyo zezigidi wakhetha zigqithiselwe nezinye izinto akazalani US "green." Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba urhulumente China uzama kuphela ukuba thethana iimeko okukhethayo yuan Chinese babuya imali yelizwe Reserve ngebande elinye kunye dollar.

Le yuan njengendlela yelizwe jikelele

Iinjongo urhulumente Chinese ukwenza yuan a zezimali ezinkulu ihlabathi, iingcali zikholelwa, ekunokuthi kusekelwe qho esisiseko. Abanye abahlalutyi zemali silindele ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo, isabelo-mali yorhwebo langaphandle kunye namanye amazwe, China e RMB ukuze ngaphezu kwe-30%. Nasekusungulweni kwale mzobo ayiphucukanga: ngoku kufutshane-20%, lo gama kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo kwaba-3%.

Kwiinyanga zokuqala ka-2014 RMB ukwazisa Kuqikelelwa bezimali, wathabatha 7 th indawo kuluhlu lwe iimali ethandwa ehlabathini, ngaphambi, ingakumbi i franc Swiss. Kukho ngokubaluleka ekhulayo lotyalomali RMB njengoko China kuya lula kwiimarike zehlabathi. Kutshanje eLondon kukho iprojekthi edibeneyo ye -Bank of England neChina - iziko wokwenziwa nokucwangciswa yuan. Iingcali balindele ukuba imali Tshayina kuba imali ebonakalayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi, kodwa hayi isibakala sokuba baya indawo dollar.

RMB ngaphandle China

currency yaseTshayina ukuqala ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi inxaxheba nokurhweba izabelo, iibhondi, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemali. Oku kuya kukhula iqina ngakumbi ngakumbi loo yuan ube lwemali ukuguqulelwa. RMB ukwazisa eziza kwenziwa kwamanye amazwe, "i Chinese" Inkangeleko: Hong Kong (apho inani yesibambiso zafikelela-12% ngo-lwemali eTshayina, ngoxa-2008 - 1 kuphela%), Taiwan, Singapore. Kule mazwe mabini yokugqibela amaziko offshore korhwebo yuan. Kutshanje, yaBantu Bank of China kunye Central Bank of Germany asayina isivumelwano malunga zokuhlala ngohlobo lwemali Chinese.

Into eziqaqambise ngayo yuan

China ibonakaliswa ziingcali ezininzi, injini iphambili kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngoku China kuvelisa, kuxhomekeke amabala ukubala, 10-15% ye-GDP le planethi. Ukwandisa impembelelo loqoqosho China, yaye ngaloo ndlela impembelelo kwi zezepolitiki, ezinxulumene ngqo lo mgaqo-lawulo wemali karhulumente. Bezimali bakholelwa ukuba amathuba kulo mmandla ixhomekeke izinto ezintathu.

• Okokuqala, lo jikelele - ukusetyenziswa kwemali njengesixhobo yokuthetha kunye nexabiso iyihlawule kwemali yamazwe ngamazwe.
• Okwesibini, le convertibility - iqondo kolawulo kwemali kunye yimithombo eyinkunzi.
• Okwesithathu, oko ukusetyenziswa yeebhanki basemzini nje lwemali yolondolozo.

Kwi indlela urhulumente Chinese ahlangana eziphambili kwezi ndawo zixhomekeke namathemba yuan njengesixhobo ifuthe lezopolitiko.