USD: olunjani imali, indima yayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi

Enye izifinyezo ixhaphakileyo kwiimarike lwemali - i USD. Luhlobo olunjani ikharensi Yayizimele phantsi kwalo indibanisela iileta, kulula ukuthelekelela, ekubeni ukwehla ifumaneka kwimizi ngemizi, kwi-ofisi exchange zonke. USD ngohlobo uguqulwa izandi ngathi United States dollar, okanye United States dollar.

Lwemali kazwelonke of America

I-US dollar luchazwa yi umqondiso "$". ikhowudi yebhanki yakhe ISO segama USD. US imali isetyenziswa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-18, kuquka Ecuador kunye eBonaire, intsimi yaseBritani omdala kunye Virgin Islands, East Timor, El Salvador, Panama kunye Saba, Zimbabwe kunye eUnited States, nezinye. Siyafana 100 eesenti.

Currency i currency zokuhlala ngamazwe. Oku kumiselwa Imfuneko dollar ukupheliswa kweekhontrakthi phakathi kwamazwe amabini ezinxulumene Rhweba ngaphakathi no Rhweba iimpahla okanye iinkonzo. Enye iimali eziphambili ehlabathini, apho uninzi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo kwiimarike ezingundoqo kuqoqosho, kuquka kwicandelo amandla, kwaye USD. I dollar lisetyenziswa kwi ekuphumezeni kwintengiselwano angaphandle kwi kwimarike yamazwe angaphandle kweli kwaye sisixhobo buyafuneka ekupheleni lorhwebo kwintengiselwano angaphandle, utyalo-mali. Ngoncedo lwe emali, abatyali-mali abaninzi ukuphumeza i-inshorensi nxamnye iingozi kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Umthamo intengiselwano kumazinga wotshintshiselwano yonke imihla ufikelela kwitekeni amaninzi ezigidi zeerandi. izinga USD ixhomekeke iindleko ezininzi zezimali ehlabathini, ekubeni iqukiwe ngamazwe esisengobozini lwemali ezimbini, yaye ipesenti nto ithelekiswa neemali zamanye amazwe yeyona inkulu.

izibalo Ukusetyenziswa kwe-US dollar kwi intengiselwano exchange ngokwe BIS

Ngokutsho kwe Bank for International Settlements (BIS), ezizezi kwi akhawunti dollar umthamo omkhulu kwintengiselwano ehlabathini. Ngo-2011, isabelo sayo zehla kancinane kwaye eyayifikelela kwi% 84,9 kuphela ngaphandle kwe-200% ngokuchasene odlulileyo 85,6%. Inani yesibini liphezulu kwintengiselwano wababela euro yen. Ukunciphisa inani kwintengiselwano ebandakanya i US dollar, sibonile amaxesha obunzima jikelele ngokomyalelo 2-3%. Namhlanje siyakwazi ukubona isiphumo esahlukileyo. Figure zafikelela phantse-100%, njengoko uqoqosho American lukhula esomelela imihla ngemihla. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe ehlabathini namhlanje abafumana ubunzima zethutyana, eUnited States idlala indima ephezulu kakhulu ekubumbeni kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Imbali kwi US dollar

I dollar wazuza iwonga lwemali yesizwe Melika emva kokuba urhulumente yafumana inkululeko. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa imbali ezisemthethweni USD. Loluphi uhlobo lwemali ezilawulwa ngokukhawuleza kangaka ukuba ihlabathi, zama ukuqonda. Eyokuqala nogxa wayo - le ngqekembe zesiliva, leyo ngokuthe indawo engamaphepha kwaye engamaphepha umbala oluhlaza-hina. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba dollar kuvunyiweyo 1875, ku-1861 eMelika wayengenguye inkqubo emanyeneyo lemali. Kuye ke ngo-1861, umthetho wakhutshwa okokuqala kwaye ishicilelwe malunga-60 ezigidi zeerandi, ngelo xesha ingqalelo isixa semali kakhulu esikhulu.

kwizimali World

Ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano eBretton Woods ngo-1994 njengoko ehlabathini lwemali reserve unikwe oko US USD. Loluphi uhlobo lwemali yeyona dollar, kucacile ukusuka kwimo yaso. Iyunithi yemali ezisetyenziswa phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini ukwenza zemali "ababetheki", leyo ngamaxesha obunzima urhulumente iyakwazi ukuxhasa uqoqosho kwinqanaba eliphezulu. America emva kokufumana status iyunithi reserve wezimali ithuba yokugubungela yokungabikho eseleyo lwentlawulo ze dollar kanye nokomeleza isikhundla iinkampani zalapha kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Enye zezimali ehlabathini, ngubani na isihloko yezinto ezininzi ulwelo ehlabathini, - USD. Loluphi uhlobo lwemali kwaye yintoni obachaphazela ngayo kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini, singakwazi ngqondweni kuphela. Okwangoku, i-dollar olukhulayo, yaye namhlanje kwelinye kwiyunithi ngemali ye-USA kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule malunga 70 engange.