Imali lwangoku

imali Modern, kwakunye namanqaku ezibe ejikeleza iminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kukho imveliso eqhelekileyo. Ukuba Kuqhelekile ukuba yonke elilingana, umlinganiselo ixabiso ezahlukeneyo kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Yena kuyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe ngalinye kunye nehlabathi ngokubanzi. Imisebenzi engundoqo imali ukubonisa imo yazo yokufikeleleka udidi kwezoqoqosho, isiseko zazo zangaphakathi kunye nesiqulatho.

Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo ukusenza ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengenyathelo yexabiso. Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso imali ichazwe ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpahla. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iimveliso efana benze umsebenzi owenziwayo ngqo kwimveliso zabo. Ngexabiso elifanayo imveliso ngokwemiqathango imali, wabiza ixabiso.

Imali kwakhona isebenze njenge okuthile ngayo. Ngoko ke, ebudeni ukuhamba kwempahla, imali kufuneka abe khona ngokwenyani. Ukujongana iimveliso lwenzeka kwi scheme onjalo: kuqala kwenziwe intengiso yempahla (T), oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa bayo yimali (D), ezinokukwazi eyachithwayo kuthengwa kwempahla eziyimfuneko (T). Enyanisweni, lo sikimu yorhwebo kunye nobudlelwane emali: T-L-T '. Ngenxa yoko, le eyilwayo ukudlala indima mbambano kunye ukoyisa imida ezahlukeneyo anokufumaneka kwimeko ngokutshintshiselana impahla ezinye iimpahla.

Nayiphi na imali inokufana njengendlela amafa kunye nolondolozo. Ekubeni lo lilingana jikelele, ozele ubutyebi, oko Kungokwemvelo ukuba ikhuthaza abantu ukuba sokuzuza lwabo. Kulo mzekelo, imali itsalwa Ukubolekisa yorhwebo-mali.

Ikuyo bafumana njengendlela sentlawulo. Zisetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukuthenga nokuthengisa iimpahla ngetyala, oko kukuthi, ngezavenge. Kulo mzekelo, akukho nayiphi na intshukumo counter yempahla kunye nemali, ukuhlawula imali-mboleko (debt) - linyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo yokuthengisa. Ekwenzeni lo msebenzi, imali mihla liya thaca kwifomu non-cash.

Kwakhona, enye inkalo into eyaziyo, imali, kukusebenzisa babe njengendlela zokuthenga kunye nentlawulo. Bakhonza imali ehlabathini. Bona kusetyenziswa izibalo kulinganisa ngamazwe.

imali Modern nga lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

- zendalo okanye yorhwebo (ezindaweni zabo bemveliso sinikezwe eluncedo kunye nendleko: nemfuyo, uboya, izinto);

- imali yokugcina (kule fomu (amanqaku, izatifikethi) zibe nokutshintshanisa ukuba isixa esithile kwempahla);

- fiatnye (ithetha ukuba ukungafani ixabiso eliphambili oyinene, kodwa kumgangatho karhulumente komhlaba njengendlela intlawulo: amanqaku bank, imali ebhankini);

- imali mboleko (ikakhulu izibambiso, apho ngokukodwa ahonjiswe ityala, yaye ngalo ingenziwa purchases).

imali Modern ikwiphulo zazivelela yayo phezu iinkulungwane ziye zahlolwa kwaye kwaxoxwa zizikolo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabameli babo, yaye ke ngoko sagqiba ekubeni kubabela elo ithiyori zilandelayo mali:

- metal (abalandeli bakhe babona nguwona msebenzi imali njengenyathelo yexabiso yaye nxamnye nokongeza ezinye yesinyithi);

- nominalist theory (kubandakanya ukucaza ixabiso lemali yexabiso lazo lesiqhelo, ngoko ke kundikhanyela umsebenzi wabo njenge elilingana yonke inkxaso esebenzisa umsebenzi kwegazi);

- ingcamango yemali (njengoko kwakucingwa ukuba imarike icwangcisa amandla ukuthengwa mali kunye namaxabiso emveliso, kwaye yonke ubunzima mali sakhulula kufuneka abe kwegazi);

- theory Keynesian (Dzhon Keyns babekholelwa ukuba utshintsho kwinqanaba ingeniso kwaye itshintsha isantya intshukumo imali);

- theory eyenziweyo (kudibanisa imiba ye monetarism kunye Keynesianism, nekufuneka lusekelwe kakuhle eyakhelwe-nkqubo yezoqoqosho neyemali).