IMethane, iasithilini ezisetyenziswa ezahlukahlukeneyo abasabela ezinexabiso mveliso

Xa uluhlu hydrocarbon, methane, iasithilini, badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo lweshishini lemichiza. Ekuqaleni methane akazange ukumela nayiphi na inzala ebonakalayo. Wabizwa kunye nomgxobhozo kunye manzi kule ndawo apho ifumaneka kakhulu kwindalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ezimbaxa wanika kwiinkathazo ezininzi ngenxa iimpawu zazo ngokwasemzimbeni imichiza. methane enemibala kunye esha kunokubangela umntu kunye indisposition kancinane, kwaye nkqu ityhefu kakhulu. Kodwa ingxaki enkulu kakhulu ukukwazi layo ukuzisa negesi exutywe emoyeni ukwenza cocktail olunokutsha nobuchule enkulu yingozi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba methane wafumana iindlela ezininzi ukusebenzisa, yokuba kuveliswe le nto lushishino ayinaxabiso. Isibakala sokuba oku akuxhaphakanga kuphela kwindalo, kodwa uliqabane (icala) iimveliso kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kushishino kwemichiza mihla.

Berthelot ngo-1860, iye yakwazi ukwenza indlela, leyo kamva wafumana ukubaluleka omkhulu mveliso. Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla, inkqubo evumela ukwenza shift methane imichiza> iasithilini, akakakwamkeli kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba imfuneko ukuqinisekisa kukho ngokwaneleyo khabhayithi iasithilini kunye indlela kwemveliso yawo.

kushishino chemical Modern ufumene iindlela ezininzi ukusebenzisa iasithilini. Le ukusika igesi, yaye besebenzisa oko izibane imichiza eqaqambileyo, kwaye asetyenziswe ekwenziweni ezahlukahlukeneyo kweekhemikhali. Iasithilini afunwe ekufumaneni ezininzi iikhompawundi neziqhushumbisi kananjalo acetic acid, ethyl utywala kunye izinyibilikisi, irabha kunye hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi. A ibonakalisa impumelelo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba ukusetyenziswa iasithilini ekuvelisweni neeplastikhi.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo ukuba ukukhumbula ukuguqulwa lemichiza methane - iasithilini. Elektrokreking kunye thermo-oxidative yeentanda - igama iinkqubo zobugcisa zale mihla ezibangelwa ukuba iasithilini ukusuka methane. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-jet igesi methane udlula i electrode phantsi lobushushu 1600 ° C kunye zipholile ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphunyezwa indlela yesibini lokuguqula methane - iasithilini, igcwala buso, kusiza ukukhululwa sobushushu ukutshiswa kwenxenye iasithilini.

Kwikhonkco imveliso, methane, iasithilini, acetaldehyde into yokugqibela eza ngenxa ukuxovwa indlela iasithilini, leyo kuthiwa kamva basabela Kucherov. Industrial ukusebenziseka acetaldehyde ezifumaneka kwimveliso acetic acid, iipholima aldehyde, butadiene inani kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ke ubuncwane ngokwayo singakhuselekanga, acetaldehyde kakhulu ayityhefu naxa isicelo nolusu. Somlomo emoyeni enkulu ezingcolisa, apho uthe kwi otshisayo, umzekelo, ngokuthi ukutshaya okanye exhausts imoto. A isixa esikhulu kuwo ukhandwa unyango ekutshiseni Iipholima ezahlukeneyo iiplastiki.

Okulandelayo chain methane, iasithilini, benzene, chlorobenzene isiqinisekiso ngakumbi bokusebenzisa kumashishini yemichiza mihla nomgxobhozo okanye firedamp. Thina sele usaziwa noko abasabela ukucatshulwa iasithilini. Kuhleli kuphela ukuphumeza le trimerization kule gesi, C2H2 edlula ngamalahle ivuliwe kwiqondo lobushushu degrees 400 Celsius. Indlela ngenxa lezoshishino nemveliso benzene uya ethylbenzene, cumene, nitrobenzene kunye cyclohexane. Malunga amathathu ekhulwini ukwimo kuyaphela ekulungiseleleni benzenes alkyl yomgama. elinye ekhulwini kuphela ukusebenzisa benzene ezwi of chlorobenzene. Ukulungiselela le njongo, indlela chlorination yayo. Imiqathango ukuphunyezwa kwalo lobushushu 80-85 ° C kunye nobukho zentsimbi okanye chloride yentsimbi.