Imveliso ye-Acetylene

Ngokuqinisekileyo abaninzi bayazi ukuba kanye igama-i-acetylene - linxulumene nengqiqo "iviniga". Kodwa inyaniso yokuba i-acetylene namhlanje yinto kuphela ekwazi ukutshisa ngokungabikho kokufikelela emoyeni, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini, kungekhona wonke umntu owaziyo. I-Acetylene iyingozi, iphinde igxininiswe yinto yokuba, umzekelo, ukutshisa kwayo kwi-asidi kudala ilangabi ngeqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-3100 ° C.

U-Edmund Davy wayengowokuqala ukufumana i-acetylene kwiminyaka ekude ka-1836. UDevi wenza i-potassium carbide kunye nesisombululo esivamile esiqhekezayo, kwenzeka ukusabela, ukulingana kokubhaliweyo njengokuba: K2C2 + 2H2O = C2H2 + 2KOH. Ngenxa yoko, i-gesi yafunyanwa, ifom ye-C2H2 kunye neyiphi inzululwazi okuthiwa yi-bicarbonate hydrogen.

Ngokufunyaniswa kwemfundiso ye-radicals, u-Justus Liebig wabiza enye yamaqela e-atom (ama-radicals) i-acetyl, nangona wayeqwalasela i-compound ene-formula C2H3. Ixabiso, elifunyenwe yiDevi, laqala ukuqwalaselwa ngamachiza njengemvelaphi ye-acetyl. Emva koko, xa ukufunyanwa kwe-acetylene kwenziwa nguMfrentshi uMarcelen Berthelot ngeendlela ezininzi, loo nto ifumane igama layo, elisetyenziselwa ukhemisti ukuya namhlanje. I-Berthelot yaqwalasela isakhi esiphumelayo njenge-molecular acetyl, apho i-athomu ye-hydrogen yathathwa khona . Ubuchwephesha, ukuveliswa kwe-acetylene iBerlotlot yinkqubo elandelayo. Wadlula idilesi ye-alcohol-heat - i-methyl ne-ethyl-ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu eyayiphelelwe ubushushu obuphezulu.

Ngomso kamva, ngowe-1862, i-acetylene yenziwa yindlela yokwenza i-electrochemical reaction, ngexesha apho i-hydrogen yayidluliselwa phakathi kwe-electrodes eyenziwe ngekhabhoni. Olu buchwepheshe belo xesha lwalubiza kakhulu kwaye alufanelekanga, ngoko ke lucingelwa nje njengesisombululo senkcazo kwingxaki. Kuphela ekugqibeleni kwekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugqibela kwenzelwe indlela eyavumela ukuseka ukuthengwa koqoqosho lwe-acetylene. Le ndlela isekelwe ekubaleni umxube obandakanya i- quicklime namalahle. Oku kwasenza sikwazi ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa koqhagamshelwano njengegesi yokukhanya kwesitalato. Inyaniso kukuba i-gas, eyayine-92.3% yekhabhoni, kwindawo ephakamileyo yokushisa, yanikela inani elikhulu le nkunkuma ngendlela eqinile. Banika ukukhanya okwaneleyo okwaneleyo. Kule meko, iqondo lokushisa elivuthayo aliyikuphela nje ukukhanya okuvuthayo, kodwa umbala walo. Iphakamileyo izinga lokushisa - ngaphambili kungumbala wokukhanya kwee-carbon particles. Ukubonakala kwama-heaters, okuzaliswe nge-acetylene, kunokunika ukukhanya malunga namaxesha alishumi elinesihlanu ngaphezu kwezibane zegesi ezisasazekayo. Ngaphandle kokuba bebekelwe indawo yombane, ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetylene ukukhanyisa kuqhubekile kwiilishi zebhayisiki kunye neye-omnibuses.

Njengoko ishishini liphuhlisiwe, ubuninzi obuninzi bolu hlobo olunjenge-acetylene lufuneka. Ukuyifumana kwiimveliso zorhwebo kwaqala kuphela ngekhulu lokugqibela. Ngenxa yolu "phuhliso" ukuxhamla kwasetyenziswa kwakhona kwiimfuno zobugcisa. Kwimfuno yokwakha, i-acetylene yenziwa ngokucima i-carbide ngamanzi. Le mveliso iyaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yephunga elimnandi kakhulu ngenxa yokungcola okukuyo kwe-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulfide. Enyanisweni, into ecocekileyo yamachiza inobuncwane obuthathaka obuthile. Ilula kunomoya, i- molecular molecular acetylene i-26.038. Igesi ayinayo umbala, iyanqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza kwiisombululo ezininzi zamanzi, kwaye i-solubility inqunywe liqondo lokushisa kwesisombululo ngokwaso.

Ubuchwephesha bwanamhlanje bubandakanya ukuveliswa kwe- acetylene kwi-methan ebenzisa i -electrocracking, inqubo apho igesi ye-meteth isadluliselwa phakathi kwama-electrode kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-1600 ° C. Emva koko, ukwenzela ukukhusela ukubola kwe-acetylene, igesi iyacinywa ngokukhawuleza. Indlela enjalo isebenza kuloo nxalenye yentsholongwane eveliswe ngumlilo wezinto ezinokuthi ifuthe ukufudumala umjikelezo olandelayo wempendulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kohlobo lwekhosi.

I-Acetylene isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-welding kunye nokusika izinyithi, ukuvelisa ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo, ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokuqhuma.