Imidibaniso nzile amagama iilwimi Russian kunye IsiNgesi

ILizwi ngolwimi linentsingiselo ethile lungelelanisa, nto kuvezwe kwimeko ethile. Amaxesha amaninzi amagama afumane intsingiselo ethile, engena kuphela unxibelelwano zegrama kunye ubhalo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Le yindibaniselwano kothotho magama, apho ukuxhumana yokugqibela kunye nezinye ukwenza ixabiso elitsha enye.

collocations lungelelanisa

Xa intetho ilizwi angenzi lodwa kodwa kumxholo ngamanye amazwi ukuba kufuneka zidityaniswe lungelelanisa, zegrama, enengqondo. Umzekelo, intyantyambo igama kufuna isivumelwano ngenani, isini kunye kunjalo, oko kukuthi asilogama okanye ebelidlula kufuneka ube njengendoda, ukuze nakhe uluhlu ezikwisinye kwimeko nominative: zehlathi intyatyambo. ukusebenzisa Xa isiphawulo, kungekhona elungileyo phakathi kwentsingiselo (intyatyambo welifu), ngoko waphazamisa uphawulo lungelelanisa amagama.

imidibaniso nzile amagama - yinto bond ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo akavumeli nokutshintshwa kweekhomponenti. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlanganiswa kwelanga yi "kubonakala ray kwelanga." Ukuba ukubuyisela enye kumacandelo indibanisela, uya kuphulukana ixabiso layo (indibanisela ilanga, umvundla bubugwala musa sele le ngqiqo). Xa ilizwi, uphawulo lungelelanisa lwamagama nangokubonakalisa oluzinzileyo ngokugqibeleleyo zemveli.

Collocations lwesemantiki, okt yesemantiki, zifakwe izithethi zomthonyama zemfuza. Ungaziva waziva ithuba lokusebenzisa igadi yeziqhamo ibinzana apile kunye nenguqulelo ahlekisayo apple yeziqhamo.

yayiyindlela

Amagama ezifuna kufutshane necandelo iseti ethile. Kuyenzeka ukuba ilizwi izithintelo ukuhambelana isizathu ilele kwisifakelelo yaso kwindawo ethile - indibanisela ngamandla amagama, zibizwa phraseology ezahlukeneyo. Le yeelwimi French kota uCharles Bally ukuba ixabiso "binzana elingundoqo." Eneneni, imidibaniso nzile amagama (izaci) kuqulatha amacandelo amaninzi (kuba ibinzana abayinqobo), njengoko nelithi igama elinye: nick phantsi - khumbula ukuba ukudayala emlonyeni amanzi - ukuba athule, vula umlomo wakhe ngokubanzi - bamangaliswa.

iingxoxo ngeelwimi

Isayensi ufunda isakhiwo neempawu phraseology, kuthiwa phraseology. Ngeelwimi axoxe sisonke. Kukho umahluko xa ethethelela theoretical component phraseology. Ngokwamaqela ezithile iingcali ngeelwimi nayiphi zintshula ngolwimi zizifundo nzile magama abizwa ngokuba ngale ndlela. Imigqaliselo Lexicographical ukuvumela ukuba agwebe iindlela ezahlukeneyo lo mba. Phraseology ingqalelo ukuba kuphela ezo imixube isitali apho ixabiso kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo yi inkcazelo macandelo ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ulilolile fritters maqhalo okanye siphaphazela amafu ayikwazi ungachazwa inkcazelo igama ngalinye. intlanganisela ayahlukahlukenanga lentsingiselo esekwe kakuhle lwezakhiwo.

kwiilwimi ezininzi ndingengowalo iseti amabinzana amazwi, aphorisms, cliches intetho. Bakholelwa ukuba izaci (imidibaniso nzile magama) - ezi zizifundo ukuba alingana igama elinye.

Classification Vinogradov Shan

UViktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, isazi ngeelwimi abadumileyo Russian kunye negama ehlabathini lonke, inkcazelo eneenkcukacha zizifundo nzile amagama kulwimi Russian eMelika kubo. Xa amaqhalo umsebenzi wakhe yahlulwe ingenamthungo phraseological (eneneni izaci) Umanyano phraseological kunye ezihamba phraseological. UNikolai Maksimovich Shan yandisa Ukuhlelwa Vinogradov, ogxininisa iqela amabinzana idiomatic.

fusion

Ngu azikhuli zizinto ezihamba kunye zabo semantics gca kuphela unxibelelwano ethile. Meaning amacandelo izaci kuphela ngokupheleleyo ayibonakali. Semantics azikhuli, ngeke wazi, emangalisayo, usidilize gauntlet, udlalisa, ongangokugibisela ilitye kunye nezinye akunakwenzeka ukuchaza intsingiselo yegama ngalinye. Imveliso Ixabiso evela amaqhalo ngemveli wababeka umthungo. phraseologisms imfundo - yinkqubo ende imbali okwenzeka ulwimi oluthile.

Le Isimntwiso imbali zolwimi ezi zizifundo nzile amagama. Imizekelo azikhuli ezinjalo: ngesisu, buyabanjwa, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo. Zinzima le nguqulelo, kuba akukho ishukunyiswa intsingiselo yegama ngalinye. Le azikhuli hayi lobeko kunokwenzeka kunye nokutshintshwa kwamalungu.

ubunye

ubunye Phraseological, ngokungafaniyo azikhuli luqulathe amacandelo semantically zizizathu. ixabiso lazo isekelwe yokufana ayahlukahlukenanga Nakuba amazwi lukhulu yonke phraseologism. Yayiyindlela ukungcwaba italente yomhlaba 'ezingento amanxuwa ngamandla abo, "kuchaza le sikweko: wangcwatyelwa emhlabeni -" hide, sifihle ". ubunye Phraseological idiomatic ngaphantsi omhlophe. Ubunye ukuba exutywe ngamanye amazwi, maxa wambi endaweni enye amacandelo. Ngokomzekelo, xa phraseologisms ukubiza umhlakulo umhlakulo wambi indawo isimelabizo: ukubiza izinto ngamagama abo. ubunye Phraseological ebizwa amaqhalo.

imifelandawonye

Le semantics zizifundo phraseological eyenziwe amaxabiso onke amacandelo ezakha ibinzana oluzinzileyo. Xa oku kudityaniswe kunye namacandelo simahla, yaye enxulumene. Isethi lamaxabiso ngamnye kubo sibonisa ibinzana ixabiso enye. Hi xikombiso, le tshaba iqhalo iquka iqhotyoshelwe kunye ilizwi utshaba efungelweyo wenkululeko. Kwakhona lihambisana sidekick, indawo abakreqayo, kukrakra kuyabanda, wagqabhuka kunye nabanye.

namazwi

Ukunikezela N. M. Shanskim amabinzana phraseological na maqhalo, eyenziwa intetho free. Akukho izinto ezinxulumene. Amaninzi amazwi phraseological ziyafana nezo cliches, izafobe, amazwi kunye aphorisms. Umzekelo, uthando yonke iminyaka yobudala, konke ukutyeba, side sihlangane kwakhona, akukho imini ngaphandle umgca. Ngexesha intetho, amabinzana phraseological akukho kusungulwe ukuthetha, yaye zikhutshwa ukusuka kwimemori.

Yayiyindlela ku IsiNgesi

Rich IsiNgesi phraseology Fund, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane natyetyiswa yemalimboleko ezininzi ukusuka kwisiLatini, ezinjengesiJamani, isiFrentshi, iSpanish, ibangel 'umdla ngokukhethekileyo izazi. Ulwazi a phraseology ulwimi lwasemzini kubonisa inqanaba itoliki. I emfundo aphezulu ingcali inceda ukuthintela ukungaqondani zolwimi.

imidibaniso nzile amagama ngolwimi IsiNgesi lungahlulwa ngokungqinelana ulwahlulohlulo VV Vinogradov. komphetho Phraseological inzima ukuguqulela, kuba la mazwi zibandakanyiwe kulo bayazalana. Le semantics of ezinjalo izakhiwo ezivela ixabiso lilonke. Umzekelo, ezipalini emele angeke uguqulelwe ngokoqobo xesha kuqatyeliswa ibhola kunye emeleni. Apha ilizwi ngokunxulumanisa omnye komnye, ukunika ixabiso ekhethekileyo anokuguqulelwa phraseology Russian olule imilenze.

umanyano Phraseological e IsiNgesi lubekhona kwicala ecaleni ngamazwi athi homonymous. Umzekelo, ukuba ugcine inja kwaye ezingenakukhonkotha ungumlandeli intetho i "yaqeshwa ukuba enze umsebenzi womntu." Translation homonymous ukuhlanganiswa free lithetha "ukuba nenja zalikhonkotha inkosi yakhe." yokubonakalisa High umanyano phraseological luphawu ulwimi IsiNgesi.

imidibaniso Phraseological avumele ukutshintshwa kwe njengenye yeekhomponenti. Ukubunjwa iquka la mazwi ezinexabiso fixed nokufumaneka. Iqhalo ukuba siphantse sabhaqwa, esivumela ukushiywa becandelo ukuba, eliguqulelwe indibaniselwano Russian ummangaliso basindiswe. Eli qela phraseology kakhulu lula ukuguqulela ngenxa ukufakwa edibeneyo kwiintsomi, izibhalo (task Sisyphean, apile-Adam, yaye hillesova isithende, umsonto Ariadne kaThixo, ithambo womlo, kunye nabanye).

imizekeliso IsiNgesi kunye namazwi ngaphandle amaxabiso yimizekeliso aveza phraseological. Ziqulethe amagama kunye neenqobo simahla, kodwa lakwaNtu yokwandisa: Amadoda amaninzi amaninzi ingqondo liguqulelwe ibinzana Russian phraseological abantu abaninzi kangakanani, izimvo ezininzi kangaka.

Fund ebukwini

Iqhalo imvelaphi inokuba zembali (lweenkobe) kunye ebolekiweyo. Peryvami avamise imidibaniso nzile amagama izimelabizo ezimbi, kunye archaisms kunye historicism. Umzekelo, akukho nto ukufihla; nto zonke; Akukho namnye undilibele, akukho nganto; ngomlomo; ukusondela nemvelo; elinye libe ngomnwe; inkunkuma isityalo kwexesha; akukho isinyabi.

Lathathwa ithathwa imidibaniso ezizinzileyo ezifana zamagama wangena ulwimi njengoko imveliso agqitywa, ngokufuthi ngaphandle translation. zokuboleka phraseology indlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwiintsomi, uncwadi yamandulo, eSibhalweni, usondeze yobuciko uncwadi kwehlabathi ngolwimi zizifundo nzile amagama. Imizekelo phraseology zithathwa Latin ulwimi: mater Alma, lo Fixe idee, a Tete-a-uTete. IBhayibhile unikeze ibinzana ezinzileyo efana nonyana wolahleko, iMvana kaThixo, ingcuka ngezambatho zeegusha, ukuhlamba izandla, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Of imisebenzi fiction waya fund phraseological yolwimi Russian kunye nkulumo ngokwenene umfana? (Gorky), abazalwana bethu ezincinci (Esenin), ukusasazwa Elephants (M.Zoshchenko).

Ukusetyenziswa phraseology kwintetho

Sithetha, ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa amabinzana phraseological, kuvakala eqaqambileyo, ezintle novakalelo. Iqhalo zigxininisa ngokuqhabalaka kumagama abantu, bonisa inqanaba lemfundo yakhe. ulwazi Phraseology kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo amabinzana esisigxina ithetha lunika ogqibeleleyo.

Isakhono of phraseology ukuyenza edlamkileyo lwengcingane nok iintatheli, ababhali, abezopolitiko, oonozakuzaku kunye nabameli bamanye imisebenzi, ezinxulumene nale misebenzi zonxibelelwano kunye nefuthe le ntetho. Abalobi ukutshintsha izaci, ukongeza kubo izithako ngokuqhelekileyo epithets, nto leyo eyenza kube ngakumbi lokomfuziselo novakalelo. Ixabiso zizifundo ezizinzileyo amagama iba ironical xa ngokubuyisela i yinxalenye ingeniso ezinzileyo.

Ukungcoliswa phraseology esetyenziswa yi publicists weeTayitile amanqaku, izincoko, reclamations. ibinzana oluguqulweyo bobabo liqela elithile phraseology - occasionalisms.

ebukwini

Xa usebenzisa indibaniso nzile amagama kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni semantics zabo, uthathe ingqalelo ngokuphuma zobugcisa. iimpazamo ezokunxulumana kokusetyenziswa phraseology, ebizwa ngokungachanekanga xa candelo indawo ipharonimi okanye igama efanayo-yixina (ukuwa ngomoya, ubuncinane abale Cheshi), ukuthetha ngembali ngokungazi ulwimi kunye etymology ulwimi. Ayilunganga, sebenzisa ezingafanelekanga amabinzana idiomatic inguqulelo enkulu intsingiselo amazwi, sigqwethe wenza etyeni (Bayivuma yakhe ingoma nenkuku yamanzi, iposi izidanga kule Uhambo lokugcina). Phepha le iimpazamo ukunceda ebukwini. Bona ngokutolika unit phraseological, uchaza imvelaphi, amagama kuyahambisana kunye namabinzana. Kwiincwadi ezimbini yaye iilwimi banikwa translation elingana.