I Amu Darya River - amanzi Umthambo ithi amahlanu

I Amu Darya River - amanzi flow likhulu kuMbindi Asia. Ubude bayo ngu 1,415 khilomitha, lo gama i-swimming pool inani amanzi - Bole 309.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Ayajika ngokusebenzisa kumazwe amahlanu: Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan kunye Kyrgyzstan. River kunye Pyandj Vahsh benza ezo. I-flow ephambili amiliswe ngaphakathi Tajikistan - 85% kunye Northern Afghanistan - 15%. Amu Darya aqukuqela kungena kuLwandle Aral, kufuphi eyenza i nkanyamba. Umlambo has 3 nemingenela ilungelo elikhulu: Sherabad, Kafirnigan kunye Surkhandarya. Kukho isebe elincinane ekhohlo - Kunduz. Amandla kuze umkhenkce umlambo kunye meltwater. 80% amanzi 36 ilungiswa xa umthamo amadama 24 billion cubic metres. I-flow yonyaka lomlambo - 73.6 km ^3. bomyinge wamanzi - ehlotyeni, ubuncinane - ngoJanuwari noFebruwari.

ukubaluleka kuqoqosho Amu Darya

Lo mlambo kubalulekile ukuba inani elikhulu labantu abahlala isitya yayo. amanzi asetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, isizukulwana umbane, ezolimo, ukusela kunye nokusetyenziswa yimizi-mveliso. Xa esezantsi komlambo kunye namachibi wezandyondyo loshishino lokuloba zasekuhlaleni. Kwisixeko Turkmenabat indawo ye Amu Darya umlambo kunawo. Amanzi becala kujongwane nayo kwezolimo ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe, njengoko lo msebenzi icandelo elibalulekileyo le uqoqosho emazweni onke amahlanu - ukuya kutsho kuma-35% ye-GDP. Umzekelo, e Afghanistan,-80% yabantu uqeshwe kweli candelo. Ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye ukuze kwezolimo Turkmenistan kunye Uzbekistan - ukuya kwi-40%. On the Amu Darya owakha likhulu umjelo ehlabathini - Karakum, kunye apho kukho amasimi enkulu yengqolowa nomqhaphu. Kwakhona, xa kukho ezininzi yemixoxozi likhule.

indaba

Umlambo iye yaziwa ukusuka kudaladala. Le mbali bamandulo bamaGrike uHerodotus wabhala ukuba Amu Darya emlonyeni yamandulo 40 bangena kumgxobhozo yaye amajelo 360, kodwa mnye kuphela sleeve zaqhubeka zingena oLwandle lweCaspian. Kodwa abaphengululi baye bafumanisa ukuba amanzi ifikelela kuphela echibini Sarykamysh. Ngenxa yoko, ulwazi lwe umkhumbuzi yamandulo zaye mhlawumbi isekelwe kwisithethe ngomlomo. Amu ngamakhoboka wayenxibe amagama amaninzi. Zoroastrians walibiza Vakhsh, argali, okanye Raha Mr. AmaGrike amandulo ebizwa Aras. Kwaye ngexesha ukudliwa ka Aleksandra Makedonskogo River waba igama Oksos. Ngomhla kweenxweme Amu Darya wabeka ithi olukhulu yamandulo: Khorezm, Bactria kunye Sogdiana. KumaXesha Aphakathi i Amu Darya belingu ukusuka eRashiya ukuya eBukhara. Peter Ndazama ukubandakanya inxaxheba kurhwebo Russian River. Ngaloo mihla ke ndimncinile Amu Darya umlambo. Imephu yexesha oluchanileyo kakhulu. izifundo ngendlela umlambo yaqala kuphela kwinkulungwane XX. Ngelo xesha saqalisa ukuba sigcine ubume amanzi.

eziphilayo

On the Amu Darya kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kuye kwenyuka umthwalo ebangele ukonakala elibukhali kwi nokwakheka emanzini. Kwakhona kukho i kungalingani. I Amu Darya River ukuya kumhla ubonisa alarm parameters kweemineral kunye bobuso. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1940 godu yokuqaqadeka amanzi yaba 4.2 mg.ekv / ilitha. Kulo nyaka 90 th - 9 Kwaye namhlanje - 9.8 mg.ekv / ilitha. ityuwa xi kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka. Ezi zikhombisi zibangelwa ekubhobhozeni elikhulukazi wekhaya emlanjeni kunye namanzi mveliso, nawo namanzi amdaka avela kumphezulu ezibalulekileyo ezikhutshwayo empahleni emlanjeni. Njengoko umfula ugeleza nje emdeni kumazwe aliqela, ingxaki ngonyango - umzamo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oorhulumente bamazwe zonke amahlanu aye enza izicwangciso kunye izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo.

ukuloba

Fish ifumaneka esezantsi kuyo imilambo namachibi kwi Amu Darya Basin. Abalobi Imveliso eziphambili - a zeCARP, salmon, neKubhi, barbel kunye Marinka. Kodwa efikelela kuyo; kakhulu elungileyo ekulobeni - Osman, esithatha indawo emlanjeni trout. Olu hlobo, kwaye zifumaneka ezingaphezu ezingamakhulu kwi amanzi Amu Darya. Marinka, barbel kunye Ottoman - kukho izidalwa ezizodwa kakhulu ukuba afumaneka ubukhulu becala kwi Amu Darya. Baye zazibekwe ukuba nifuna lixhoba kwi emanzini sobumnyama. Osman yahlukile barbel kunye marinka ukuba umsila wakhe kunye namacala zigqunywe esikalini ezincinane, ezinqabileyo, isisu wayizalela ngokupheleleyo, yaye kukho ezi-2 ingxenye olongezelelweyo. Ukuloba Amu Darya ubaleka ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Oktobha. Unakho ukubamba kukujikeleza, Donkey kunye poludonkami.

ukhenketho

Bayakuthanda ukuza apha, ukuqabela. Ke Amu Darya kunye Syr Darya anomtsalane kulo mba - kukho iindawo eziliqela umdla. Indlela iqala kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka Tashkent. ingxubevange peak phakathi ku-Septemba nango-Oktobha. Abathandi imbali kunye zokuhamba apha bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi babubone izixeko zamandulo magingxigingxi yaye ukutyelela Amudarya Reserve. imimandla eliqela zemozulu ibekwe ecaleni kweendonga omlambo, entlango, nezo zibuntlangorha kunye neentaba. Kulo mmandla humped live kunye neenkamela-humped ezimbini, idweliswe njenge nengwe snow ezisengozini. Ukongeza, kukho into sayifumana ummangaliso Mollakara echibini, apho izifo ezininzi awusenayo. Apha wakhahlela kanye isixeko samandulo ngexesha Alexander Omkhulu - Nisa. Amu Darya - -ngenxa elingunaphakade yembali.