Imisipha entanyeni. Ulwakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi

Izicubu ze-muscle zitshitshiswa kwaye zenzeke. Imisipha yentamo, kunye kunye nezihlunu ze-trunk, izitho kunye nentloko, zivela kwiqela leentsholongwane ezinqabileyo. Ngokutsho kwendawo yeentamo zeentamo zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amathathu: phakathi, ngokugqithisileyo kunye nzulu. Ekujuleni kwayo ihlukaniswe ngamacandlana amabini: i-medial okanye i-prevertebral kunye ne-lateral. Izisipha zangaphakathi, eziphakathi kunye neziphambili zomgangatho entanyeni zingezantsi kweqela lesibini. Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha yangaphambili ukusuka kwelinye icala kubangela ukuthambekela kwentamo ecaleni, ukubethelwa kwamacala omabini - ukugxotha phambili. Ukuba umgudu kummandla wesibeleko uhleli, umbhobho wokuqala uvela. Isiqalo sesiteji sangaphambili sisemgangathweni we-III-VI vertebrae entanyeni, kwaye isetyenziswe kwimbambo yokuqala. Isisundu esiphakathi sinceda ukuncedisa entanyeni okanye ukuphakamisa intambo yokuqala. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokunamathisela kwayo. Iqala ukusuka kwii-appendages ze-II-VII vertebrae entanyeni, ewela ngaphaya, kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kumbhobho wokuqala, kodwa emva kwe-sulcus ye-subclavia.

Umsila omva uphakamisa intambo yesibili. Ukuba iqhotyoshelwe kwisifuba, ikhokelela ekukhoneni kwikholamu yomgcini kwintsimi yomlomo wesibeleko. Isiqalo sawo siyi-tubercles ye-IV-VI vertebrae entanyeni, kwaye ekupheleni yindawo engaphandle kunye nemiphetho yesibambo sesibini esivela ngasentla. Imisipha entanyeni nentloko iyaxhunyiwe, ekubeni izihlunu zingena kwi-subgroup control control of the head and their inclinations phambili kunye nangapha. Ngoko, umsila wentamo ubude kwiqela eliphakathi elikhokelela ekunyanyeni kwentamo ukuya ecaleni. Umsila omude wentloko unceda ukugxotha phambili kunye nentloko, kunye nomsi wommandla wesibeleko kwaye unceda ukujikeleza intloko. Imisipha yangaphambili yentloko, ngokulandelanayo, ikhokelela ekuthambekeni kwentloko phambili, kunye nomnye ongaphantsi - kwicala apho ichanekileyo. Imisipha yomlomo yengqungquthela ibandakanywa:

- umsila ongaphantsi kwentamo, leyo, efihla imithanjeni esondeleyo, iphakamisa isikhumba entanyeni, iphinda ikhuphe ikona yomlomo phantsi naphandle;

- sternocleidomastoid muscle. Ukuba unqunywe ukusuka kwelinye icala, intloko iyajika ibe ngaphesheya, kwaye ukuba kumacala omabini - intloko iphonswa emuva.

Imisipha yomzimba entanyeni iyahlula kwiindawo ezitholakala ngaphezu kwethambo le-hyoid nangaphantsi kwayo. Imisipha ye-sublingual ikhona kwiintlobo ezine:

1. I-muscle ye-bipedal iqule iimbilini ezimbini, zangaphambili nangaphambili, ezixhunywe ibhuloho yeetoni. Ikhokelela ekunciphiseni nasekutsaleni umhlathi osezantsi. Ukuba zihleli kwindawo enye, i-bone hyoid iphakama.

2. I-muscle ye-shilo-hyoid ligament idonsa ithambo emva, ngaphandle nangaphezulu.

3. I-maxillo-hypoglossal muscle ithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekubunjweni kwe-orifice yomlomo womlomo. Yenza umsebenzi ombini, kuxhomekeke kwisithuba se-muscle ye-hyoid: ukuba ichanekile, iyanciphisa umhlathi osezantsi, kwaye ukuba awuyiyo-iphakamisa ithambo le-hyoid.

4. I-Muscular Mouth-Sublingual igxininisa ithambo le-hyoid kunye phambili, kwaye ngokukhawuleza phezulu, kwaye ukuba ihlala kulo thambo, ikhokelela ekuhlahleni komhlathi.

Imisipha yomlomo yeengqungquthela zineentlobo ezine:

1. I-muscle i-forearm-hyoid, yincinci kwaye ide, ihlukaniswe ngamabilini amabini nge-tendon ephakathi. Zomabini izibilini zidibene nebhuloho yeetoni. Ukuba i-scapula iqiniswa, le misipha ikhupha ize ihlasele ithambo le-hyoid kwaye ngexesha elifanayo i-plate-tracheal plate ye-fascia yesibeletho iyancipha, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa i-lumen ye-veins ye-colervical deep.

2. I- musculature yesalathisi ye-sternum-hyoid isalathisi .

3. I-musculoskeletal-thyroid iyakhupha ukuya kwi-larynx.

4. I-thyroid gland iyongezwa ngokunengqiqo kwe-sternum-thyroid muscle. Yenza ukuxhamla kunye ne-larynge ye-bone hyoid, ukuba ithambo le-hyoid lilungiswe, le msizi iphakamisa i-larynx.

Ukuphululwa kwenkqubo ye- muscular, ecatshulwa yimibandela eyahlukeneyo-ukulula, ukubetha, ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala, njl njl, kunokufumana imiphumo emibi kwaye kufuna ukungenelelo lwezonyango.