Imithombo indlela kunye indlela engundoqo yokosulela

Yazi indlela kukho ukwanda kwezifo ezosulelayo kuya kuba luncedo hayi kuphela ukulungiselela iinjongo zemfundo-self, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba xa kunokwenzeka ingozi yosulelo ukuzikhusela bona kunye nabo babathandayo zizigulo.

Ukudluliselwa losulelo: izigaba kunye nemithombo

indlela ukudluliselwa - yindlela apho arhente causative engena evela kumthombo elosulelekileyo kwi nginginya sifo. Le nkqubo, Kakade ke, oku kwenzeka kweso. Okokuqala, lo pathogen umele ukuba ngandlel 'ume kuphuma kumthombo sifo, ngoko ixesha xesha ihlala kokusingqongileyo okanye umlamleli izilwanyana yaye kuphela emva koko ngendlela ethile iwela susceptibility yento ephilayo.

Yonke lento iqala umthombo. Xa lwezifo, loo nto ixela ukuba umthombo usulelo kuphela ezo izinto, oko yokuhlala, engazali kwandule ke nokukhululwa kwamagciwane ngeenkqubo nokomzimba. abantu abosulelekileyo okanye izilwanyana - ezi imithombo usulelo. mechanism udluliselo kumiselwa indlela sifo sisasazwa on.

Iindlela kunye neendlela zosulelo

Iindlela okudluliselwa zibizwa ngokuba izinto zemvelo engaphiliyo, eziyiyo yemvelo yezi amagciwane akunjalo, kodwa athathe inxaxheba intlawulo. Oku ikakhulu umoya namanzi, impahla yendlu, ukutya, kwaye umhlaba - ngamanye amaxesha ngempazamo abakholelwa imithombo zabo usulelo. Ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeka exciter apho ekuqaleni kanzulu ihlabe kwenzeka amadlozi ayo, babelwa iindlela ezisisiseko yokosulela: a isitshizi, qhagamshelana, alimentary, usulelo.

Yezizathu zokugula

Unxibelelwano phakathi amagciwane umzimba womntu akusoloko lodwa kwaye zidityaniswe ngeemeko ezithile. Ngaba nje iindlela ebalulekileyo kunye neendlela zokuhambisa, kodwa imeko ngexesha usulelo omzimba, parameters ithamo pathogen yokusingqongileyo kunye nendlela apho iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo eyangena emzimbeni.

uhlobo ngalunye kwamagciwane ikhetha ndawo ifanelekileyo okwalo umkhosi eziphilayo - ezinjalo ukuba iza kunika ithuba ukuze uphumelele ebomini, yaye ukukhululwa esilandelayo kwi kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusasazwa. Ngokubhekiselele kwii-HIV, nto ke ukwazi ukuba yendaleko yonke pathogen wemba zabo, badla ekhethekileyo, "iingcango 'zabo. Oku abe inwebu kwiinwebu iinkqubo bokuphefumla yokucola ukutya, nesikhumba ezonakeleyo kunye nenkqubo enzala. Isifo akayi kuphuhlisa ukuba pathogen yayo ungena umzimba akakwazi ngenxa yabo, kodwa i "abasemzini", engaqhelekanga isango.

Kwakhona 'umdla kukuba, ukuze ukwakha isifo kufuna umlinganiselo othile abaqambi yayo. Ithamo ezosulelayo ukuba pathogen ngamnye.

mechanism spray

Kuyinto indlela oqhelekileyo yokosulela. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yokuphefumla, ngeminqweno emihle okanye emoyeni, kodwa le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba zamathontsana. Eli gama ayichaza kakuhle indlela idluliselwe ezasulelayo kule meko. Ekuqaleni, iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane bebekelwa kwiinwebu phecana lokuphefumla, njengokuba nokuthimla, ukukhohlela okanye ukuthetha kunye amachaphaza amathe kunye yencindi eme emoyeni voice. Emva kokuhlala kulo njengoko kutshizwe xa ngamagciwane kunye ukungena komoya ukurhogele kweyela omzimba sifo. Ukuba ukuhla elimlinganiselo enkulu ngokukhawuleza izinze, le olutshizwa ecikizekileyo abasasazekileyo sinokuhlala sisebenza ixesha elide baze bahambe imigama emide. Kuyimfuneko ukuba acacise ukuba kwamagciwane ngeke kuphela ngamathontsi, kodwa amasuntswana eluthulini. Oku kusebenza kwabo kwamagciwane abanganyangekiyo desiccation.

Nutritional (ukutya) indlela

Kulo mzekelo, usulelo ezosulelekileyo eziphilayo eyendayo ethunjini waza wakhululwa kokusingqongileyo kwimveliso inkunkuma. Usulelo lwenziwa ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ngokuqhelekileyo ekutyeni eyosulelekileyo kunye namanzi. Usuleleko unokufumana kuzo ngezandla ezimdaka, ngenxa ukuselwa inyama kunye nobisi kwezilwanyana onakaliswe izinambuzane. Le ndlela yaziwa kakhulu njengendlela ilindle-ngomlomo yokosulela kwe-arhente ezosulelayo - kwakhona kakhulu 'ukuthetha' igama.

contact indlela

Enye indlela eliqhelekileyo yokosulela. Amagciwane Kanjalo kuhlala eluswini, inwebu yangaphakathi, amanxeba. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, la magciwane luphawulwa uvakalelo oluphezulu neemeko zokusingqongileyo, ke ngoko, ukuba unokubosulela ifuna ukudibana ngqo kwizihlunu ezosulelekileyo ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, lo usulelo nako kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo izinto. Kunokuba yintsholongwane, egazini, usulelo imingxunya kunye nezifo olwaye lwamfimfitha.

embodiments ethile indlela yokuqhagamshelana

Amaxesha amaninzi ezi iindlela exposure konke bodwa kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Kodwa ke, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, ukuba kuphela iimeko ezizodwa sele ichaziwe indlela qha. Kumalunga ngesondo, ngegazi-uHagare, kunye neendlela nkqo zosulelo. indlela Sexual ithetha ityhefu zoqhagamshelwano kwiinwebu nkqubo enzala. indlela Bloodborne - umthombo lo kusulelo igazi wadibana naye ngqo egazini lomntu esempilweni. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha ukutofelwa igazi, umz, iinkqubo zonyango okanye ezinxulumene umonakalo ulusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi izixhobo abawaziyo. Indlela nkqo ke ngoko ebizwa ngokuba indlela ukudluliselwa ivumela pathogen ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya utshintsho elilandelayo xa sifo sisasazwa mhlawumbi nge ngumkhaya ngexesha ekhulelwe okanye xa ebeleka.

mechanism usuleleko ukubasulela

Xa le ndlela yeyona arhente causative na umthombo wegazi, kwaye iqaphelwa izinambuzane, ezizezi bloodsucking iingcongconi neengcongconi, iintwala, amangolwane, iintakumba. Kulo mzekelo, izinambuzane yimiba uyaphila zothumelo. Ke umzimba abathile kubo oko nje beqokelela kwamagciwane, kungenjalo efanayo - umjikelo yenziwa kuphuhliso lwabo kunye nokuzala. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba iqondo losuleleke yi kisekiyo ngqo ubungakanani yabantu izinambuzane. Usulelo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngqo inkqubo kokuba elunyiwe, kodwa amathuba elalana iintsholongwane zibe ulusu eyonakeleyo, ukuba sinambuzane eyo.

Ndimele ndithi ulwahlulohlulo ebekwe iindlela okutshintshela zizifo kwamagciwane okukwiqondo elithile lunemiqathango. Ngoko ke, ezinye imithombo musa ayikhuphi indlela transmissive kwiqela eyahlukileyo, ukunyamekele enye bloodborne - indlela igazi. Transmission wokosuleleka iisirinji non-abulawe nezinye izixhobo zonyango kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu ubhalo ukubhekisela transmissibility womatshini, kwakunye nendlela intrauterine.

Imizekelo kwezifo ezosulelayo ngokungqinelana iindlela yawo yosasazo

Inani ezincinane on Earth izigidi zabantu. Iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, fungi - uninzi lwabo azinabungozi, kodwa abanye ludala izifo anobungozi. Imithombo, iindlela kunye neendlela okudlulisela kumatyala zizifo ngezifo ezahlukeneyo. uluhlu lwabo akunakwenzeka, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu ukufuna ukwazi ngayo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukusulelwa abaqambi zabo.

Ngoko ke, lo kwamathana uyakwazi ukudlulisela: umkhuhlane, icesina obubomvu, chicken pox, rubella nemasisi, kunye meningitis, tonsils, isifo sephepha kunye nabanye. Ngokuphathelele ulawulo enelindle-yomlomo, idla yindlela wamathumbu ukudluliselwa zifo: .. kholera, segazi, ihepatitis A, etc. efanayo ndlela usulelo ipoliyo kwenzeka. Izifo ezosulela ngokudibana, - iintlobo zosulelo yesikhumba, uminxano, izifo ezifana neegcushuwa, anthrax. Ekugqibeleni, ukubasulela ngu - ngokusebenzisa esinayo silume igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane - ezosulela seengcongconi, icesina, isibetho, kobuchopho. Kakade ke, yonke into ilula kangaka, yaye ezininzi izifo ezosulelayo kudluliselwa yi akukho namnye, kodwa iindlela eziliqela.

ukuvimbela

Ukubambelela ukuya eziziziqalelo imithetho ngococeko - enye indlela elula kakhulu futhi oluthembekileyo ukukhusela izifo ezosulelayo, ingakumbi wadluliselwa yi alimentary. Kananjalo ngaba sityeshele ukuhlanjwa olunzulu kunye nonyango eyaneleyo thermal iimveliso zokutya. Kwezona izifo proliferation iintshaba ezosulela emoyeni - kukho umoya kwizakhiwo, amatyala ezisongwayo, ukusetyenziswa zeemaski zonyango xa contact kuyimfuneko. Ukunqanda ukusuleleka ngegazi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kangangoko oku kunokwenzeka, khetha ngabom amaziko onyango, nesendlu umvambo kunye zokuzilungisa. Ekuthinteleni izifo ezosulela ngesondo sele uthe lukhulu. Kulungile, ekugqibeleni kufuneka ukhankanye sifo ngenye ngokomeleza. Isifo kulula ukunqanda kunokuba ukunyangeka kuyo.