KukaClovis - King of the Franks: biography, ngexesha lolawulo. kwakuphela Merovingian

KukaClovis, Kumkani Franks, yaba, imbali yesizwe eziyimibalabala zizityebi. Wayengoyena abadumileyo waphila Merovingian ubukhosi - ubukhosi yokuqala yasebukhosini yokulawula urhulumente, ngoku ke France okukufutshane kunye Belgium. igama KukaClovis, elithetha "ukulwa elikhulu", yaye ngakumbi mutated - Louis wayemthanda inzala waza waba igama uthandwa kakhulu nesiJamani kunye Romance Europe.

Iingcambu ngembali Merovingian ubukhosi

Amakhosi Merovingian ubukhosi has iingcambu: kwinkulungwane 5, ookhokho babo kumhlaba waseJamani, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane, ukuba saya ngqo eGaul, kwaye bethetha apho, yasekwa nje urhulumente omtsha. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi lo uhulumeni ngokuba "Austrasia", yaye kugxininiswa kwingingqi Lorraine yanamhlanje.

Ixesha elibekiweyo weBhodi Merovingian: 5-13 leminyaka. Golden Age Dynasty nexesha kwimbali kaKumkani Arthur, ngenxa yoko imbali lokwenene ngokusondeleyo edibene Merovingian kubaphangi neentsomi, nto leyo uhlalutyo nzima kakhulu zembali.

Umsunguli ngqo lobukhosi - zezi-, uyisemkhulu KukaClovis kaThixo, owakukhuphayo ezweni imithetho eGaul Roman leBhodi, ekuthandazeni imfundo yezwe kunye nokubhala. Yonke inzala yakhe ookumkani zaye akathweswa sithsaba. Noko ke, obekekileyo kubantu, elimiswe uhlobo lonqulo lokuhlambulula. Xa uMerabhi yasekwa post "wedolophu komkhulu" - lukwimeko efana kwisikhundla Chancellor. Ukususela ngoko, onke ngookumkani, yokumkani Merovingian wenza indima yabo namatyala zolawulo lwaye emagxeni usodolophu ebhotwe.

ngezomkhosi ezingcwele kunye neempawu amandla

uphawu ezikhethekileyo Merovingian indelelo - iinwele ezinde leyo efana kukulahlwa kwawo amandla. Umzekelo, Clotilde, umfazi KukaClovis, ukuba kwimeko olukhethayo ukuvuleka kunye iinwele okanye ukufa abazukulwana abathinjiweyo, wavuma yesibini ukhetho, ngaphandle kokunikezela ngamandla alo. iinwele ezinde nayo ezinxulumene nobuchule nobani Merovingian, kuquka isipho sokuphilisa. Kanye legend yeBhayibhile uSamson uDelila inenkohliso, wonqanyulwa, iinwele zabo kwakuthetha ukulahlekelwa igunya.

lezinga engcwele ubukhosi - bee yegolide, okuhombisa kunye garnets. Iinyosi - ngumqondiso wabahedeni engcwele nokungonakali, abavuze ngobomi obungunaphakade. Yeyona Umfuziselo kukaNapoleon kamva ibolekwe, mna ndiyakholwa ukuba iza kwalatha isibakala le ukuqhubeka yezembali bamandla akhe.

legend eziziintsomi ngunozala i Merovingian ubukhosi

Meroveya intsingiselo yegama - "idabi ezukileyo". Grigoriem Turskim uchaza ngokwesithethe nguMerabhi wazalwa ngenxa ekuhlangabezaneni unina wakhe ngokwesondo kunye ndiyingwenya na. Inkolelo yokuba xa kuzalwa kanina, unyana wakhe wabona nenkunzi namanwele e Meroveya ngasemva. Ababhali-mbali Loshicilelo le ntsomi ke ukunqulwa yasendle, umxhasi saint kwemicimbi zomkhosi kunye uthixo wenzala we Franks yamandulo.

Ngokutsho legend, enkunzini kanye ngonyaka uya ngakuLwandle Retreat kwaye unika abantu abayithandayo wenzala kunye nempumelelo entsimini emkhosini. Kamva, kwiintsomi kubaphangi ukuba kuyenzeka ukubona yokukhulisa inkokeli yehagu nonqulo.

Yintoni chroniclers umdla KukaClovis, ukumkani Franks. Biography of Merovingian kunye zezembali wobukumkani bakhe

KukaClovis I - igama ookumkani abathathu amakhosi le Merovingian ubukhosi. Yintoni mbali bayazi ngayo?

KukaClovis, Kumkani Franks, Meroveya umzukulwana, nyana Hilderiha mna Bazin, ngokwedatha Chronicle, wazalwa malunga nonyaka-466. Kwiminyaka eli-15, KukaClovis waba ngukumkani ukuba salic encinane inxalenye (oko kukuthi kude nonxweme) franc baze baphendule kunye nokwandiswa kwemida yommandla wayo.

Ekubeni bahlula intsimi Siarpiya KukaClovis I no ookumkani eManyeneyo waya kulwa ngamaGoth. Hayi disdaining akukho oliqhophololo, akukho ubukrwada, akukho ookubulala, KukaClovis makukhutshwe wonke umhlaba ulungele ntshona. Sele 507, waye ehleli etroneni umlawuli onke amazwe isiFrentshi. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba le mpumelelo ulungiselele isigqibo sakhe ukuba babhaptizwe, yomhla we-25 Disemba 498 Xa ubhaptizo uKumkani spodvigla umfazi wakhe Clotilde.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe KukaClovis, Kumkani Franks, wenza iParis ikomkhulu emazweni. Kuphinde kuqaliswe nokudalwa uluhlu lwemithetho amakhosi, naye ke wavula kwisahluko esitsha yonke kwimbali yeYurophu.

KukaClovis wafa e Paris ngo-511, xa bashiya ilizwe labo lonke libe oonyana lilifa.

Campaign nxamnye Siarpiya. Isithethe kwesitya Soissons

Athathe isikhundla ukumkani KukaClovis waqalisa ukwenza ngokwesicwangciso lungabanjwa ngcembe onke amazwe mbobo. Esi sicwangciso ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuze ukuya Gothic kunye namazwe baseBurgundy wamisela kudla komhlaba nokufakwa Siarpiya esasayame kummandla siliva.

KukaClovis akuzange kube nzima ukuba athimbe umhlaba Siarpiya, yaye kungekudala isixeko kweli lizwe kuxhaphaka isondela umhlaba Burgundians. imikhosi KukaClovis 'abazange Asiyenzi nayiphi kuthetha inzuzo ngokukhawuleza. Kumaphulo zomkhosi ngokufuthi baphanga iicawa neetempile.

Luphawu eyaziwa elandela isiko. Ngenxa yoko, omnye alingenele ibandla, i Franks kunye Hlodvig wabo Korol wabona imagi exabisekileyo kakhulu. Le ndaba kubalulekile ukuba Priste ngokoqobo wacela ukumkani ukuba ayibuyisele etempileni. KukaClovis wayezimisele yaye bafuna ukuba isangqa echaziwe ekho amaxhoba. Zonke bangane okumkani Akanangxaki kweli candelo, kodwa ke omnye Franks inkani wagalela imagi ngekrele, ndinomsindo, wathi kukumkani, ukuba angabi basebenzise izikhundla zabo baze bafumane neembasa ezingaphezu yesenzo.

King ngathi ukumxolela eli iqhinga, wada wabuyela ngubhishophu imagi, kodwa emva konyaka, phezu ngokutsha empi, ummangalelwa nesoldati umpu wakhe zikwimeko embi, esixhwilwe ezandleni izembe, bayiphosa emhlabeni, yaye xa nejoni wagoba naye, ukusika kwisiqingatha ukakayi.

Ubhaptizo KukaClovis: emidala kunye neziphumo

Ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze zokwamkelwa ubuKristu, KukaClovis waba umtshato wakhe Katolika Clotilde ozinikeleyo, Princess of Burgundy. Wenyuka itrone yobukumkani, ngamandla Clotilde ezama ukunyanzela umfazi ukuba ukholo lwakhe.

Ezi iinzame aye awa phantsi ixesha elide. Isimanga kwaba Klotilda Hlodvigu ukusilela yothixo wakhe, embonisa yokufana kwawo encinane abantu eqhelekileyo, unya, wema phezu kwakhe waza wathi kuye ukuba wayekholelwa oothixo babo, kwaye uthixo kobuKristu abhalwa, kuba akukho ukuzibonakalisa kwaye akakwazi ukwenza imimangaliso.

KukaClovis watyhala ngamandla ngalo ukholo lwamaKristu kunye nento yokuba kwizibulo Clotilde wafa ngqo elubhaptizweni; womgca. KukaClovis ngelo xesha ndiqinisekile ukuba, xa umntwana yanikwa ukukhuselwa oothixo babahedeni, ukuba isaphila.

Noko ke, amanzi unxiba Lisuseni ilitye, kunye Clotilde eyakhe. Ehlabathini 498, ukumkani mbobo wabhaptizwa. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe ibandla, kwathi xa wayesilwa almandtsami. Xa KukaClovis wayelahlekelwa imfazwe, yena efumana wabhenela koothixo babo uncedo, kwaye xa ithemba losindiso ukuba wamkhumbula uKumkani omncinane amazwi omthandazo uYesu uMsindisi, bathi, kunye Franks, wenza kushenxa ngempumelelo, waphumelela almandtsev.

Kings niwele kwisixeko saseReims ngo-496. Ukuphathwa KukaClovis nabalawulwa bakhe kwangoko ukholo lwamaKristu lingekatyhileki kuye amathuba ubuhlobo kunye Gallo-Roma, elathi ukwandisa kakhulu nemfuyo yabo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo zonqulo zelo Merovingian ubukhosi

An into umdla kukuba urhulumente Austrasia entsha ukuba abe ngumKristu ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, nokuba emva kobhaptizo KukaClovis kunye neqembu yakhe ekufuphi. Phezu kwayo yonke imigudu amaKristu anyanisekileyo Clotilde, ukuba ukholo lokwenyaniso komyeni wakhe Abazange beze. Njengoko ngaphambili, abantu isicelo ngokuthembeka amasiko abahedeni, amasiko kunye oothixo yaseScandinavia.

KukaClovis Merovingian ubukhosi akukho ukhathazeke kakhulu malunga bayahlelwa of Christianity ezweni lakhe. Emva kokuba ebhaptiziwe, umgaqo wakhe uluntu asiguqukanga, kangangokuba ingxaki andise ukholo lwamaKristu luphezu kwamagxa bevangeli abavela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kummandla eParis kunye Orleans, kwakunye nezinye iindawo ebanzi Merovingian, inkqubo esebenzayo "inamathele ukholo yamaKatolika" abantu basekuhlaleni. Yintoni umdla kukuba, i-Pope, intloko yamaKatolika iCawa, yokudibana igunya avstraziyskih phezu komhlaba, yaye kamva yena lowo negalelo ngokubhukuqwa Merovingian ubukhosi ukuya etroneni.

Kwakhona oku kungqina into ukuze sikuzuze ukwenziwa ubuKristu ukuya KukaClovis njengokuba Russian Prince Vladimir, waba mnogohodovki nje kwezopolitiko wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Iimpawu KukaClovis, ukumkani Franks, ngokubanzi ezifana kakhulu nezo Vladimir, inkulu Kievan Rus 'yaye yena kunye namanye wabhaptizwa ngokwabo waza wabhaptizwa neqembu yakhe, ngenxa yokuba iinjongo zopolitiko, ezizezi, ngenxa ubuhlobo kunye uBukhosi baseByzantium. Kwakhona ukufana langutana zihambe emva kobhaptizo: i Gauls, emva kobhaptizo KukaClovis wahlala becala yobuhedeni, yaye emva kokuba Vladimirovskaya kobhaptizo Kievan Rus akazange athathe kuqala ukholo lwamaKristu, waza wahlala apho oothixo babahedeni.

impi zwe

Xa KukaClovis, ukumkani Franks, aguqulwa ukuba ukholo lwamaKristu, ilixa impumelelo ojongene Gallo-Roma. close neya- ukuya kumazwe Gothic, KukaClovis, sele wafumana inkxaso yabefundisi eziphezulu, waqala emfazweni kunyaka-500 nxamnye Gundobalda uyisekazi umfazi wakhe Clotilde, eyabulala abazali bakhe nabazalwana ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. Kulo 506 kunyaka th ka uloyiso elo, yeza umnqobi, ekugqibeleni, ebukumkanini Visigoth. KukaClovis, ngokutsho Grigoriya Turskogo, leyo kakhulu uphazanyiswa yokuba ngamaGoth abathile lwaseGaul, ukuze imfazwe kwenziwa ngabo kuthiwa ezingcwele, leyo emehlweni kakhulu abefundisi eziphezulu.

KukaClovis ekugqibeleni ukulungele ukubetha kufutshane Poitiers kwi Vuglo. Ibulala Alaric, ukumkani ngamaGoth, moyisi nentembelo ngokupheleleyo amandla akhe, ezinyusileyo, ukuze kungekudala baseByzantium uMlawuli Anastasius nevuso phezulu waza wathumela kuye ileta kwi koonozakuzaku ukwenzela ukucacisa KukaClovis indawo yayo owayamileyo kwaye lisebenzise ulawulo ubukhosi phezu onke amazwe ukuba akhululwa ngamaGoth.

Isicwangciso ngokungenalusini ukubabulala bonke ezinokubakho abaphikisi

Unokuwuchaza njani ulawulo kwi KukaClovis? Emva mbobo kweMfazwe entle, waqala ngocwangco kutshabalalisa bonke abachasi bakhe, iinkokeli mbobo. Ngokumbamba ilizwe labo nokuba uya kubatshabalalisa bonke mkrozweni mnye, ukumkani kungekudala phantse yonke lwaseGaul.

babulala Vala izihlobo, abazalwana Rignomera Rihara ngokwakhe KukaClovis. NguKumkani Franks, ogama engobomi igcwele okhuphisana abaninzi ngakumbi "nje" ukufa enogonyamelo, Noko ke, akazange ngokukhawuleza-wobulali: ukubulala kwenzeka bamelene ngokwenene wabatshabalalisa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokuhlakanipha futhi bengabonakali.

Ekugqibeleni, KukaClovis wababulala bonke abo ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe ngaphezu na emehlweni akhe Harariha, ukumkani akazange ukunceda ekulweni nxamnye Syagrius, nonyana wakhe, ukuze ukuthintela uhlaselo etroneni kayise. Just KukaClovis wangena kunye neenkokheli-ntle baseRhine Franks: Zigiberta, sizana, yena wabulala izandla, unyana wakhe, wathembisa ukuba zihlale patricide ngenkxaso yabo ingubo yobukhosi. Xa Hloderik Zigiberta wabulala uyise, waza KukaClovis bangena ubukumkani, wabhengeza Hloderika umngcatshi, wambulala waza wathabatha itrone ngokwayo.

Ityala apho KukaClovis wabiza onke amadoda akhe, ndiwuphalazela kum umphefumlo wabo, ukhalazela ukuba akazange abe intsapho ukuba umnike inkxaso. Zonke isicwangciso wengcibi yokuluka ke ukufumanisa ukuba ihlala ukumkani kusekho izalamane random wayeza uvuyo olukhulu wabulala.

Kingdom KukaClovis ube liqonga entsha kwimbali French

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe Gothic, KukaClovis wenza iParis ikomkhulu namazwe azo, bema apho. Ngoko nangoko ke ukumkani wayalela ukwakhiwa Cathedral of St. uPetros St. Paul (ngoku Church of St. Genevieve). Emva kokufa KukaClovis 'ngo-511, wayelapho waza wangcwatywa.

Kulo nyaka 511, ngqo phambi yokufa kwakhe, KukaClovis elaqalisa yokuqala amakhosi Church Cathedral e New Orleans ngenjongo inguqu mbobo Church. Kwakhona negalelo ekusekweni 'inyaniso Salic "- iseti imithetho franc.

Emva kokufa bokumkani impahla yakhe yahlulwe oonyana bakhe abane. Clotilde efanayo lamiselwa, wafudukela Tours waza wachitha ubomi bakhe Basilica of St Martin.

Ngoko ke, imbali KukaClovis kuhlala yamaqhawe. Nangona ezinye ezimbi, amathuba engasi umsebenzi wakhe. ulawulo ngempumelelo KukaClovis ivule ukuyilwa uhlobo yokuphinda uBukhosi baseRoma - urhulumente, uphawu kwawo manyano bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo phakathi kurhulumente kunye ibandla, phakathi amandla zexeshana kunye negunya yokomoya Merovingian zamaKristu eso sithili.