Imithombo yezimbiwa eziphambili zehlabathi

imithombo yezimbiwa zibizwa ngokuba zonke iindidi kwezimbiwa ezisetyenziswa eyiyeyabantu iimfuno zabo. Hydrocarbon, izinto imichiza ekrwada, isinyithi, amatye anqabileyo, izinto zokwakha - abantu itsalwa izibilini planethi. imithombo yezimbiwa ehlabathini eziqikelelwa zizigidi etoni, kodwa akukho mda. ukusebenzisa kwabo kwande - isitshixo nempumelelo elizayo impucuko yethu.

ngezigaba

Mineral okubonakalayo zahlulwe iiklasi ezintlanu:

• Isinyithi ngentsimbi kunye ferroalloys.
• izinyithi Nonferrous.
• amatye anqabileyo.
• izimbiwa Industrial.
• fuel Mineral.

Kunye nezibonelelo izimbiwa yehlabathi yahlulwe kwemiqathango ehlaziyekayo non-angahlaziyekiyo. Iqela lokuqala luquka iziqalelo ze imvelaphi yebhayoloji: .. Oil, amalahle, methane, njl Kuba nokudaleka ifuna iimeko ezithile yokusingqongileyo kunye kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Xa imveliso isinyithi kunye neeminerali (basonta iqela lesibini) lisenza umthamo yazo kunciphisa.

Geography Mineral Resources of the World

Mineral Raw Izinto yi kwimimandla isasazwa edyokhweni kakhulu yaye ngenxa isakhiwo zejoloji ndawo. Hydrocarbon badla ludaka kwiqweqwe amazwekazi yamandulo. ngokomthamo ithatha amalahle (60%), kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo namhlanje limited yimiba olwenkcubekho, nolwemimmandla. oovimba Huge zempahla ekrwada ziphononongwa onke amazwekazi, kodwa inkoliso nezitya zokutshiza zamalahle-zithwele nje kuphuhliswa. imali enkulu ezisebenza eUnited States, eRashiya, China, Australia, India, eJamani, Ukraine Kazakhstan.

Oyile kunye kwezimbiwa negesi izibonelelo ehlabathini kwenza i-27% nje kuphela yabo bebonke, kodwa ngoncedo lwabo, yavelisa 57% yabo bonke amandla. emasimini oyile negesi enamandla kwasekwa Venezuela, eRashiya (kummandla iVolga, Western eSiberia), United States (Texas kunye Mississippi isitya), Nigeria, Canada, i-Gulf, North Afrika, nesitya oLwandle lweCaspian.

Metal ores bebekelwa kumaziko yamandulo mlilo kwiindawo orogeny esebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho ezintabeni akuthethi ubukho iidipozithi zizityebi. Ngokomzekelo, omnye esithathwini Europe ehlanganiswa iintaba, Noko ke, iidipozithi ebonakalayo ores etyhidiweyo abaninzi, abaninzi sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye akukho ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Kursk anomaly magnethi isembindini we-East European Plain, nangona kunjalo, koovimba nentsimbi ebalulekileyo. Iziseko Ore aye kwiikhilomitha ezininzi enzulu.

insimbi

imithombo yezimbiwa wehlabathi, uKristu *, obuziintlobo ezininzi, kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo phakathi kwawo yentsimbi. Lelona element wesithandathu likhulu iphela kunye element zixhaphakileyo eliyinjubaqa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba Umhlaba intsimbi kwi mali ka-5% sobunzima bayo. Intsimbi ekrwada sisiseko imveliso ngentsimbi intsimbi, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa iimoto, oomatshini zolimo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano, kwezikhali, iibhulorho, amadama, amatonela kunye like. D.

Nangona intsimbi yenye yezinto zixhaphakileyo emhlabeni, uphuhliso iindleko-olusebenzayo iidipozithi zabiwa edyokhweni. It has oovimba abatyebileyo eUnited States, Brazil, India, China kunye Canada. Ezinye iidipozithi enkulu ku Kazakhstan, eSweden, Ukraine, France, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Australia, Liberia, South Africa, Malaysia, North Afrika. In Russia oovimba ngokwaneleyo kule ekrwada esibalulekileyo kuqoqosho layo kunye nokuba amazwe. imali enkulu bebekelwa Magnitogorsk kunye nezinye iingingqi Urals, i Kola Peninsula kunye angabamelwane Republic of Karelia, kummandla KMA eSiberia.

izinyithi Non-ayoni

imithombo yezimbiwa yehlabathi bafunda kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Satellite imifanekiso kunye nobuchule kuzawuqheliswa mihla baye bavunyelwa ukuba ukuchonga iinkalo eziphambili ingqalelo ekrwada zesinyithi non-ayoni.

Enye into ebalulekileyo lubhedu. Le metal ductile kunye conductivity ophezulu kakhulu thermal kunye zombane. copper Pure ithambe ukululekwa, umphezulu abasandula isicelo unalo umbala obomvu-orenji. Oku kusetyenziswa njenge umbexeshi ubushushu nombane, izinto zokwakha kunye iindawo icandelo aluminiyamu metal ezahlukeneyo. Nobhedu kusetyenziswa kwiminyaka-10 000 kwaye ke ezifunyaniswe yokuqala ezibengezelayo uluntu.

Ayizi abaguli umhlwa kakhulu, iplastiki endiyiselayo ngokukhululekileyo kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Le umqhubi elungileyo umbane kunye nobushushu. Kubathengi eziphambili nobhedu zombane, ukuzithethelela, amandla, Ushishino lweemoto. 90% ye oovimba olu buzinze kwiingingqi ezintlanu zehlabathi;

• EMzantsi Afrika.
• Chile.
• Inxalenye esentshona eUnited States.
• Kazakhstan.
• Canada (indawo Sudbury).

Noble (elinqabileyo) iintsimbi

imithombo yezimbiwa behlabathi anexabiso eyahlukileyo. Eyona nto ibiza zesinyithi (ngaphandle umhlaba enqabileyo) Ngabo babizwa ngokuba amanene platinum, igolide, nesilivere. Gold - kwintsunguzi, ithambile kwaye oluthambileyo yentsimbi umbala omthubi kunye ngobuhle. Le yenye yezinto izidubuli amachiza ubuncinane kwiimeko standard esiqinileyo. Ngoko ke, wentsimbi amaninzi zifumaneka a iziqalelo mahala (zendalo), ngokohlobo zamani okanye Granik ematyeni, imithambo yegazi kunye nezikhukhula. eqhelekileyo Ngaphantsi kwizimbiwa. Ngaphambili, umthamo engundoqo zamani abo babelinde basemgodini. Ngoku, inkoliso legolide e mveliso ezizodwa, apho kusingathwa iliwa ezinomthamo aphezulu izinto zexabiso ekrwada.

ETshayina, Australia, eUnited States, uMzantsi Afrika umlimi inkulu igolide ehlabathini. A yam Witwatersrand - iziko nokombiwa kwegolide phambili ehlabathini. Kukho kwakhona iindawo zemveliso enkulu ziquka: Rand Fields KwelaBathwa Livingstone, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, kunye nabanye. Canada kwakhona umvelisi ngegolide ebalulekileyo. Ukuma Russian kwiintaba phambene, izimvu kunye kwelentshona ye-izimvu, i-Lena isitya. Uluhlu ummandla Kolyma mpilo kakhulu. A lot of zegolide geni eUnited States (Alaska, California, ummandla Rocky Iintaba), Australia (Kalgoorlie, Yampi, Mount Morgan), India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh).

imithombo yezimbiwa lwehlabathi; itafile

imithombo yezimbiwa uncedo malunga 200 iintlobo zesinyithi, hydrocarbon, iiminerali, ezobunjineli kunye nokwakha izinto. Cinga iintlobo eziphambili izinto ekrwada kunye neenkokheli zelizwe imveliso yabo;

imisebenzi zemigodi kufuneka yenziwe "unombono elizayo." Amazwe amaninzi baye intsimi yabo, senze ekuthiwa-yindlala resource. Ukuxhasa uqoqosho, kuye kunyanzeleke ukuba ngaphandle izinto ekrwada. eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo - isitshixo impumelelo yexesha elide.