Inkunzi yeRiphabliki yaseChuvash. Imephu yeChuvashia

Inkulu yeRiphablikhi yaseChuvash - iCheboksary, ithathwa njengenye yezona zixeko ezintle kakhulu eRashiya. Kwaye kukho ukuqinisekiswa. Isixeko asininzi kakhulu (indawo yesithili sasezidolophini i-250 sq. Km) kunye nabemi abemi (abemi bangamawaka angamawaka angama-470), kodwa ibetha ngobuhle bayo, izitalato ezicocekileyo, imithombo kunye nezikwere.

Ithetha

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwesi sixeko, esisebhankini yeVolga, kungowokuqala kweXV. Kwiingxelo zeRussia zikhankanywe zendawo yokuhlala kwidolophini, igama layo kuphela lihlukile kancinci kwaye lisetyenzisiweyo kwi-single-Cheboksary. Ukuhlala kwi-Volga kwasekwa ngaphambi kwekhulu le-XV (kodwa umhla osemthethweni wokuzalwa kwesi sixeko ngu-1469), ekuqaleni njengombutho wamasosha aseRashiya. Imephu yeChuvashia yayisele ikhona ngoko, nangona ingazange iphile, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukugweba ngokucacileyo iinkcazo ezichanekileyo kunye nedatha ye-cartographic.

Isihloko

Ngokuphathelele i-etymology yeli gama, apha kukho iindlela ezininzi. Omnye wabo ngumvelaphi wegama kwigama elithi "Chebak" kunye "ar". U-Chebak ligama eliqhelekileyo leMari elihlala kule ntsimi kwaye i-ar yigama lesiFinnish lomlambo. Kuthetha ukuthini - "Umlambo weChebaka". Enye inketho ibonisa imvelaphi yegama elivela kwiChuvash "Shupakar", elithetha "indawo eqinile" ngesiRashiya. Imephu yeChuvashia yenguqu edala yashicilelwa ixesha elide kunye negama elingavamile langoku.

Imbali

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-16, emaphethelweni esi sixeko, kwakhiwa iinqaba zasemkhosini, ezisebenza njengomda wasemzantsi karhulumente. Isithili saseKboboksary sakhiwa, esiphumelela ngempumelelo ngokwezorhwebo. Oku kuququzelelwe kwindawo esondeleyo kwiVolga. Kule minyaka engama-200 ezayo, intsimi ye-county iyakha iicawa zeOrthodox kunye neendlunkulu. Kancinci, isixeko siba yinkcubeko, inkolo, impi kunye nezoshishino kwiphondo.

IJografi yommandla

Inkunzi yeChuvashia ifumaneka kwi-Volga Upland, kwibhankini elungileyo leVolga. Ngoku kulo mxwemeni iCheboksary Reservoir. Ubungakanani bemida yomzi ungaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezili-80, apho iikhilomitha ezingama-16 ziyi-embankment. I-Volga Upland yona inqunywe ngokugqithiswa ngamaplanga kunye nemigodi, ngoko ke ummandla ongaphakathi kwesi sixeko. Ukutshintsha kwendawo yokuphakama kuyahluka ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-200 imitha.

Inkunzi yaseChuvashia kwimaphu yokhuseleko iboniswa kwisithombe esipheleleyo, kwaye apho unokufumana ulwazi olupheleleyo kwiinduli kunye neentlambo zale ndawo. Iigulane kuloo mzi zenziwe ngamanzi amaninzi emilambo emincinci, ibe sele ikhona kule ntsimi. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo, ukubekwa kwendawo ngokwayo kwinto enomdla: izakhiwo zasezidolophini zinesimo se-wedges esiya kwiVolga Bay, eyenza uhlobo lwe-amphitheatre. Kwakhona kwiinduli zaseKeboksary zakha amabhuloho ama-5.

Imozulu

Inkunzi yeRiphabliki yaseChuvash ihlala kwindawo ye-climatic. Unalo uhlobo lwemozulu lwelizwekazi. Ukubunjwa kweemeko zemozulu e-Cheboksary kuthonywe ngabantu ababandayo bomoya base-Arctic ebusika kunye ne-Atlantic ehlobo. Ebusika, isixeko sinohlobo olusisigxina nesimo sezulu esineqhwa. Ixesha lihlala lifikelela kwiinyanga ezi-5. Ihlobo ludla, ngamanye amaxesha litshisa, kunye neenyanga ezili-3. Ngentwasahlobo nasekwindla, imozulu isoloko ingaqiniseki.

I-Cheboksary yindawo ephakamileyo ye-humidification. Ukuphuphuma kwe-evaporation kudla ngaphezu kwexabiso lemvula, ngenxa yoko, urhulumente weqondo lokushisa utshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngelixa. Ukusasazwa kwemvula kwakunjalo. Ininzi yabo iyawa ngexesha lehlobo lasehlotyeni lonyaka, liwela kwisixeko esinemigodi ephantsi. Umyinge wemvula yonyaka imitha engama-500 mm. Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo ngoJulayi lingama-18 ° C ... + 19 ° C, ngoJanuwari -11 ° C ... -13 ° C.

Ulwahlulo lokulawula

Inkunzi yeRiphabliki yaseChuvash ineemeko zokulawula - isithili sithili. Ukongeza kwezi zithili ezintathu zolawulo zedolophu (uLeninsky, eMoscow, uKalininsky) kunye nokulawulwa kwemimandla yesithili saseTrans-Volga, iikhilomitha ezi-3 zikwesixeko: Sosnovka, Severny, Novye Lapsary noCandrovo.

Ngokwezibalo zoluntu ngo-2015, isixeko sithatha indawo engama-39 ngokubhekiselele kwinani labemi kwiixeko zaseRashiya. Abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka angama-480 bahlala eKeboksary. Ngokwakhelo lwesizwe, uninzi lwabemi luluntu lwakwamanye amazwe aseRiphabliki (i-Chuvash 62%). Ngaphantsi kwepesenti yeRashiya apha-32%. Kwaye kwidolophu kukho abamele abahlali bezinye iintlanga: iTatars, Mari, i-Ukrainians, iArmenian, njl.

Kukho ilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni: isiRashiya neChuvash. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abaninzi besixeko sithetha isiChuvash. Oku kunokudibanisa iindwendwe. Kodwa ulwimi lwesiRashiya luqondwa apha. Ngokwenyaniso yonqulo, ininzi yabemi bangamaKristu aseOthodoki.

Isayensi, inkcubeko kunye noshishino

Indlunkulu yeChuvashia ikwaziwa ngokuba nophuhliso lwezoshishino. Kukho ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe kratya amashishini afana nezakhiwo zensimbi kunye nokwakhiwa kwamashishini (9 amabhizinisi amakhulu), imboni yokutya (amabhizinisi amakhulu amane), imboni yamandla kagesi, imboni elula.

Ukongezelela, iCheboksary - isikhungo senkcubeko kunye nesayensi kunye nezemfundo yaseChuvashia. Kulo sixeko kukho amaziko aphakamileyo angama-5, amasebe angama-13 kwiiyunivesithi zamanye amadolophu, amaziko angama-20 asekondari, izikolo ezininzi.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimibono, kukho ezininzi izikhumbuzo zamandulo nezamhlanje.

Icandelo lomzi

Inkunzi yaseChuvashia Cheboksary isahlukaniswe ngokwahlukileyo ngamacandelo amabini: ibhanki lasekhohlo kunye nebhanki elifanelekileyo. Ibhankini elungileyo leVolga yindawo yesiganeko esixekweni. Kukho indawo ezininzi ezintle kwaye zizodwa, ezixhunyene ngqo nembali yesixeko. Ibhankini elungileyo nendawo yezoshishino zesixeko. Ibhanki lasekhohlo lizele imibala yalo yendalo, ipaki, imithombo. Le ndawo yindawo enkulu yokuphucula abahlali kunye neendwendwe.

Inkunzi yeRiphabliki yaseChuvash ibe neyabo "iArbat" - isitalato yasePapitsa Efremova, ephakathi kweso sixeko. Kwakhona indlu yowomthengisi, obizwa ngokuba yikhumbuzo sezakhiwo zeXIX. Ngethuba langoku, kwiindonga zendlu yendlu yisebe le-SEI yaseMoscow.

Kwizitrato zeComposers Vorobiev, ephakathi kweso sixeko, kukho i-Cheboksary bay. Le yinyani enhle kakhulu kwisixeko. Kwinqanaba elikufuphi kwinqanaba, imikhosi yedolophu, imikhosi kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa zilungiselelwe. Ukusuka kuyo ungaya kummandla we-Volga. Kwimida yamanzi yi-beach-central capital.

Esi sixeko siyaziwayo ngamatye angama-Orthodox. Ngokomzekelo, itempile ye-Holy Martyr Tatiana yakhiwa ngo-2006. Itholakala ngasenyakatho-ntshona kweso sixeko kwaye inombono omkhulu. Kukho iicawa zakwa-Orthodox zakudala: I-Vvedensky Cathedral ithathwa njengetempile endala kakhulu kwisixeko (ekuqaleni kokwakha kwayo iwela ngo-1555) kunye neCawe ye-Ascension kaKristu, eyakhiwe ngo-1758. Waqala kwii-oda zika-Ivan the Worry.

Njengaye yonke iChuvashia, iCheboksary iyisixeko esinenkcubeko ephuhlisiweyo. Apha unokutyelela ii-museum kunye neeholo zemibukiso, uvakalise ngembali yeso sixeko kunye nommandla, iindawo zokuzonwabisa kunye noluntu lwaseburhulumenteni. Oku kukukhangela abakhenkethi. Bonwabile ukutyelela zonke iziko e-Cheboksary, zithenga izinto zokukhumbuza kwaye uthathe iifoto zeememori, uze ubuyele kulo mzi ukuze uhlaziye iimvakalelo ezinzulu kwizinto azibonayo ngaphambili.