Imbali ye-Perm: iinkcukacha ezithakazelisayo, ezikhangayo kunye nokuphononongwa

Imbali yegama le-Perm ilula kwaye ingathobeki. Kuthetha ukuba "ilizwe elikude", ukuba uguqulela ulwimi lwaseVepsian igama elithi "perama". Enyanisweni, umendo awusondelanga. I-Perm ifumaneka kwiinqanaba leelunxweme ze-Urals ngo-1158 km ukusuka eMoscow. Isixeko esikhulu (iikhilomitha ezili-720 zeekhilomitha) sinembali esityebileyo kwaye yinkcubeko yezorhwebo, ishishini kunye nesayensi.

Idolophana iba ngumzi

Imbali yedolophu yeVim iqala kwikhilomitha ekude ye-17, xa kwakhiwa umlambo kwiYagoshikha River. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, ngokuhambelana nommiselo kaPetros I, kwakhiwa isityalo sokuthunga isikhephelo kule ntsimi, apho kwakuhlawulwa iimali kwilizwe lonke. Ngowe-1970, uCatherine II wabhekisela kwingingqi efanelekileyo yokuhlala kweYegoshiha waza wayala ukuba kwenziwe isixeko. Ndiyabulela kwindawo ebhankini loMlambo i-Kama , ukuthunyelwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kuphuhliswa. Uqhagamshelwano loqoqosho kunye noqoqosho luqinisa. Imbali yeso sixeko ichaza ngayo.

I nkcubeko yeVim nayo ayifuni emva. Kukho iindiyetha, imyuziyam, kunye neyunivesithi yaseburhulumenteni. Nangona ukuba imbali ye-Perm yaqala ngekhulu le-17, ngowe-1940, njengamanye amadolophu amaninzi kumaxesha aseSoviet, yaqanjwa kwakhona. Kude ngo-1957, ibizwa ngokuba yiMolotov. Izikhumbuzo zembali kunye neenkcubeko ze-Perm zifanelekile ukufunda. Ezi ziquka imifanekiso, itempile, iimyuziyam kunye nezinye izinto.

Izikhumbuzo ze-Perm

ISikhumbuzo kwiminyaka eyi-51 ye-Ural Tank Corps ifakwe phambi kweNdlu yamaGosa eSibirskaya Street. Yinto yokwakhiwa, okubandakanya udonga oluncedo, itanki ye-T-34 kunye ne-stele. Ukufakela isikhumbuzo kuDkt. Graul kufuphi nesibhedlele sesibini esibhedlele, kwafuneka ndiqoqe imali yonke ihlabathi. Iminikelo yenziwa ngabahlali basezidolophini kunye nemibutho. Ngo-2003, esi sibhedlele saqanjwa ngamagqirha e-Perm edumile, kwaye isikhumbuzo safakwa ngo-2005.

Isikhumbuzo samaqhawe asephambi nangasemva savulwa ngo-1985. Yayifakwa ekuhloniphekeni kweminyaka engama-40 yoNqoko kwiMfazwe yePatriotic. Isikhumbuzo sichaza amanani amathathu: umsebenzi, iqhawe kunye noMama. Ingcamango kukuba emva nangaphambili babesebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba imfazwe iphelile ngokukhawuleza.

Umsunguli wesixeko nguVasily Nikitich Tatishchev, kuba wayengumphathi wezityalo zase-Ural waza wakhetha indawo yokwakhiwa kwe-smelter yentsimbi kufuphi neYegoshiyi, eyaba yi-Perm. Ngoko ke, akukho nto engavamile kwinto yokuba isikhumbuzo sakhiwa eRazgulyaysky ipaki ngokumhlonela.

Ukukhumbula

Ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, abahlali bendawo basebenze ngokunyanzelisa abasebenzi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abakhi beevenkile. Ukuqhubela phambili imizamo yabo, imoto yesikhumbuzo AK-454 ifakwe kwisango se-Kama. Akungelona nto ukuba le nqanawa ikhethiweyo, kuba kwakukho kwesi sityalo abaye baveliswa ngo-1942 ngenxa yeemfuno zangaphambili.

Imbali ye-Perm izikhumbuzo ezakhiwe kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Kuquka ukumkani-gun. Yayiphoswa kwi-smelter yobhedu ngo-1868. Isiqu sayo sinesisindo esingama-45. Kwaxothwa kanye kuphela, ngexesha iifudu ezingama-300 zaxoshwa. Ngo-1824, kwiintlanganiso zikaMlawuli uAlexander I, i-rotunda yakhiwa. Kuye kwasinda kwiintsuku zethu kwaye ifakwe kwipaki yenkcubeko.

Izikhumbuzo ezintle

Imbali ye-Perm iyaqhubeka nanamhla. Yintoni ngoku uhlala kwisixeko, uyaqonda, kuquka izikhumbuzo kunye nezinto zobugcisa, ezifakwe ezitalatweni. Uninzi lwabo lwenziwa ngendlela efana nokutsala abahambahambayo, abafakela iifoto ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yabo, bhengeze isixeko, bakhuthaze ukuphuhliswa kwezokhenketho. Umzekelo, umqondiso wendlela osebenza kuphela ukwenza imifanekiso ngokubhekiselele kuwo. Ewe, kubhaliwe kuyo.

Umzobo ongabonakaliyo yi-apple enyunyiwe enobude beemitha ezi-3. Ifakwe kwiSitalato saseLenin. Umbala oluhlaza unikezwa kwinqwelo, kwaye indawo emanqamle yenkqutyana enyunyiwe yenziwe ngamatye akudala angadingekile. Ukuba awunalo ithuba lokuya eParis, uze ku-Perm. Emva koko, i-Eiffel Tower 11 imitha ephakamileyo, ikhutshwa kwiitoni ezi-7 zensimbi. Wawufaka ngo-2009. Le nto yothando iyathandwa ngabathandi abathanda ukufotshwa kwimvelaphi yayo.

Ukuzukisa abanye abantu

Nawuphi na umsebenzi uhlonishwa kakhulu, i-Permyaks ithi. Ngoko ke, kwi-120 yesiganeko sokunikezelwa kwamanzi kweso sixeko, bafaka isikhumbuzo esithakazelisayo. I-plumber ihleli kwipayipi, kunye nesinye siphelo esixhunyiwe kwiqula, ecinga ngcamango kaRustam Ismailov yaguqulwa yaba yinqabileyo yolwandle.

Abaninzi baye bakuva ilizwi elithi Permyaks ineendlebe zetyuwa, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu bayazi isizathu sokuba bethetha njalo. Kucacile ukuba kulo mmandla ukutsalwa kwetyuwa kuphuhliswe, kwaye phambi kobasebenzi ababethelela ityuwa kwiingxowa, behlukaniswe yizikhwebu ezibomvu, ezibomvu. Oku kubangelwa yimpembelelo engalunganga. Ngako oko, kwi-Avenue yeKomsomolsky kukho isikhumbuzo ngendlela yendandatho ngeendlebe. Ukufaka ubuso kumngxuma, uya kufumana isithombe esichaphazelayo kwaye unokucinga ukuba ubuya kujonga njani ukuba usebenze njengomthwalo werhafu ekwenzeni ityuwa.

Bathi eRashiya iibhere zihamba ezitalatweni, kwaye kwi-Perm le nkomo iphinda iboniswe kwengubo yezandla. Akumangalisi ukuba enye inokufumaneka ihamba kunye neLenin Street. Musa ukukhathazeka, oku kungesikhumbuzo, esenziwa nguVladimir Pavlenko.

Imbali yezitalato ze-Perm

Kulo mzi kukho abantu abaninzi. Nsuku zonke bahamba ngezitrato baze bangacingi malunga nokuba kungani bebizwe ngoko, kwaye kungenjalo. Kwaye emva kwazo zonke izitrato zineembali, abanye baye baqanjwa kabusha ixesha lokuba khona.

Kuze kube ngo-1935 iKibyshevskaya isitrato sabizwa ngokuba yiKrasnoufimskaya street. Le ngenye yezitalato ezide kunene. Ulutsha lwaseKhanini yamaKhomanisi weZitalathisi ngamaxesha ngamanye amagama anxiba amagama anjalo: kuqala kwakuyiPhukharevskaya, kwaye ke uSokolovskaya. Ivela kufuphi nomlambo iva. Isitrato saseKustanai saqanjwa ngo-1985 kwisitalato iGashkova. Ngako-ke wagxotha imemori yomqhubi owayesebenze ngaphambili kwisiqhamo saseMotovilikha.

Ngenxa yokuhlonishwa kwabaqhubi abadumileyo, iSitrato sasePolina Osipenko saqanjwa. Kwaye ngaphambi kowe-1940 kwakuyi-Proletarian yokuqala. Isitalato saseSiberia sahoyela emgwaqweni omkhulu ogama elifanayo. Kwaye kwiXVIII inkulungwane yayithunyelwa impahla kwiMpuma. Wahokela eMoscow waya eSiberia.

Kukho isitrato esixekweni, imbali yeso sinzima. Igama layo yii-Urals. Abo bahlala kulo, mhlawumbi bavuya kufuphi nommandla kunye neeskiti kunye nepaki yenkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, kwangaphambili kule sitrato ibizwa ngokuba yiNovo-Kladbyshchenskaya kwaye iholele eMangcwabeni yeMangcwaba. Ngexesha laseSoviet, endaweni yakhe, bawakha ipaki. Sverdlov, icawa yachithwa, kwaye ngoku kukho indlu yokuhlala eqhelekileyo esikhundleni sayo.

Kwaye kuthekani ngokuphila kwenkcubeko?

Abahlali kunye neendwendwe zeso sixeko abakwazi ukukhalaza ngexhala kunye nokuba akukho ndawo kwi-Perm ukuya. Kukho uninzi lwentlalo lonwabo. Thatha ubuncinane i-Opera ne-Ballet Theater. Yakhelwe ngo-1970 kwaye ine-repertoire epheleleyo. Iqela lakhe lithatha inxaxheba kwimincintiswano emininzi kwaye ifumana amaphuso.

Ukongeza, i-Theater ye-Young Spectator kunye ne- Ballet yomsebenzi we-Yevgeny Panfilov kwisixeko . Kukho igalari yezobugcisa eneemiboniso ezingamawaka ezingama-43. Abo banqwenela ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nembali ye-Perm, banokutyelela iminyuziyamu yesithili, engaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-100 ubudala. Kukho i-museum yezobugcisa zanamhlanje. Ukongezelela, unokufumana ixesha elifanelekileyo kuma-cinema, iivenkile kunye namaziko okuzonwabisa.

Izikolo e-Perm

Esi sixeko simdala kakhulu, amanye amaziko ayo emfundo angaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 ubudala. Imbali yezikolo ze-Perm isisityebi. Ngokomzekelo, inombolo yesikolo 1 inikwa ngo-1906. Ekuqaleni kwakuyizindlu zokhuni ezazimi kwiibhanki zeNayile. Kwaye kubakho abantwana abangama-35 kuphela, bahlula ngamaqela amathathu. Utitshala wayengomnye kuphela - uMaria Tikhovskaya. Ngexesha leSoviet, isikolo sasihamba ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwada ngowe-1961 yayingenaso isakhiwo sayo eKalinina Avenue, 19.

Imbali yenombolo yesikolo 22 yaqala ngo-1890, xa kugqitywe isigqibo sokuvula isikolo sabantwana abaziimfama. Uqeqesho lwabo kunye nokuvuselelwa kwahlawulwa ngenxa yeminikelo kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso, apho abafundi bazenza ngokwabo. Ukongeza kwiibhakethi, ukwenza iibhuthi, ukugqoka, bafundiswa i-arithmetic, uMthetho kaThixo, isiRashiya, i-geography, imbali, isayensi, isayensi, ukucula. Ngaba wayedalwe yakhe yedwa, enezingane ezingama-20. Kubantwana kwakukho ithala leencwadi, zonke iincwadi ezabhalwa kwiBraille.

Ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, ukwakha kwesikolo kwadluliselwa esibhedlele. Ngowe-1919, isikolo savulwa esakhiweni sabantwana abangenamakhaya. Kancinci kwahlelwa kwakhona kwiSicwangciso soNyaka-esixhenxe, kwaye inani labafundi lakhula. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuThuthukiswa kweNtlanga isakhiwo sasihlala kwakhona esibhedlele. Okwangoku, isikolo sifunda iilwimi zangaphandle ngokubanzi. Kwiiklasi eziphezulu, izifundo zifundiswa ngesiFrentshi nangesiNgesi, kwaye ngaphezu koko zifunda isiLatini, iSpanish kunye nesiJamani. Uqeqesho luqhutyelwa ngokweenkqubo zovavanyo.

Imvume engaziwayo

Esi sixeko sisekude nelikhulu lelizwe lethu. Bambalwa abantu bayazi ukuba bekuye kwathiwa yi-Perm enkulu. Wanikela ezininzi kwilizwe lethu ngamaxesha e-tsarist kwaye uyaqhubeka ukwenza njalo kude kube ngoku. Kodwa ummandla we-Perm awukona nje umshishini, kodwa unobume obuhle. Isixeko siyabaleka abantu abafuna ukuya e-rafting, ukuhamba, ukuya ekampini.

Kukho isikhumbuzo se-geological - isango lomngcwabo. Itholakala kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 ukusuka kwi-Perm kwaye ibhenketho lezokhenketho. Ngaphakathi kukhona i- stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites, kunye namachibi angacacileyo. Umqolomba wawululwe iikhilomitha ezingama-5.7. Eyona nto imnandi ngaphakathi kwayo, xa kukho i-laser show.

Kule nqaku sathetha nge-Perm - idolophu yaseRashiya yasendulo neyimfihlakalo. Kwizhenketho eziye zayifakashela, unesimo esihle sengqondo. Nangona kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bafika bevela kwikomkhulu, i-Perm ibonakala kungenasidingo kwiphondo. Iingxelo malunga nesi sixeko ziphikisana. Zi tyelele ukuba ubone ukuba uyayithanda okanye cha.