Impi Okwesihlanu: Iminyaka, abathathi-nxaxheba, iinjongo, iziphumo

Yobu ukuya eMpuma - isenzeko ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali. Siyazi kubo iincwadi esikolweni, iifilimu uphawu kunye noncwadi.

Inani (yi uN Basov) kwakukho asibhozo: ukuya 1096 no 1248-1270. Wikipedia wongeza nokuba 9 (1271-1272 gg.) Yaye Zomnqamlezo eYurophu. Kakhulu umonakalo, leyo lawugungqisa ngamaKrestu ehlabathini lonke, ukuba, Kakade ke, kuqala. Ngeli xesha, neYerusalem VII. Yoyiswa yi-Arabhu, kwaye ke ukususela ngenkulungwane VIII, yaba Seljuk Turks. Kuba avuzayo kwekhulu ke apho, loo ndawo yonqulo.

Xa yobu isayensi zembali uhlola imfazwe phakathi zamaKristu imihlaba Muslim. It awukagqitywa kwaye iqhubeka ngexesha lethu. Iingqikelelo Yomnqamlezo wokwephuka ngqo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ingcwele, umsebenzi omhle egameni zeCawa. Umbhali-mbali Michaud ubhala ngazo njengoko malunga feat. Ezinye iingxelo bathi kukuba ukufwaya uMtyholi, nto leyo yabangela ezininzi kwiintlekele. Umzekelo, kwi komjikelo 4 zokholo zamaKristu baphanga dolophu, limisiwe eConstantinople, obscurantism - Impi waBantwana odumileyo kaThixo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba xa imiphefumlo ehlambulukileyo ziya kuza eJerusalem, iindonga ziwe. Kwaye agqibe kalusizi kakhulu, bona babulawa eYurophu kwiiAlps ebandayo, abaninzi kubo wathengiswa ebukhobokeni eYiputa.

maphepha IMVELAPHI

Ompofu Ilolo Pet Amensky, isiqhulo yaba yedwa ogama batyelela Calvary the Holy Sepulchre eYerusalem. Wabona amaKristu abacinezelwa ePalestina. Kwathi, akuba ebuyile, wafumana ithuba lokuthetha noPopu Urban II waza wasikelelwa ukushumayela yenkolo ekukhululeni ingcwaba oyiNgcwele. Enxibe amadlavu, bengenambadada, bareheaded, ekhwele iesile, wafudukela kwiidolophana needolophu aseYurophu, yaye zonke iintetho zakhe lomlilo wamkela inkxaso, ingqalelo kunye nomnqweno ukulandela ukushumayela kwakhe. Yena kuthathwa njengengcwele kunye nolonwabo ukuthatha ithuba aliqhawule iqhekeza uboya obuchetyiweyo idonki yakhe. Ngelo xesha, uPopu Urban II wathembisa nxaxheba ukuxolelwa izono (kubalulekile kakhulu kwiinginginya), ukukhathalela iintsapho zabo kunye nokupheliswa amatyala abo.

Uchwayitile ezi iminxeba nabalimi onombala iingubo zabo leqa ebomvu. Ngoko ke, lo mbutho ngokuba "yenkolo", yaye nxaxheba ngokwabo yaziwa ngokuba "Omnqamlezo." I kuqala Knights waya intaba, kunye namafama, abangakwaziyo ukucinga kude kangakanani iYurophu ukusuka kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele, wadibana yonke isixeko enkulu wathabatha phezu kweYerusalem. Abaninzi kubo wafela endleleni. Kodwa eyona kunye yenkolo sesihlanu zezi - ngexesha nxaxheba, iinjongo, iziphumo. Sithetha ngale ngezantsi.

Qala, iinjongo kunye nezizathu le hambo

I-Fifth Iphulo (1217-1221) eyayikhokelwa nguKumkani Hungary Andras II. Knights lithathwe kuphela Hungary, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Imirhumo ngenxa yenkolo yesihlanu (iifoto, kakade, ayikwazi kubonelelwa ngenxa kwepensile, kamva kakhulu) ibonisa umfanekiso ibekwe ngezantsi.

András II ubalathise abantu bacenga Pope Honorius III. Ngeli xesha, ubukumkani buthathaka amaKristu ePalestina (1099 of 1291), nto leyo eqwengwe yeempikiswano bangaphakathi (ekulweni imiyalelo zokulwa phakathi kwabo) kwaye lihlasela Saracen Muslims. Engenamandla inkxaso Europe. Ukumkani omtsha Zhak Briensky bafika ngaphandle amajoni kunye bazitshitshisela ihlabathi ngokubamba ezifundisa Saracens (kubo amarhe nalivayo malunga iphulo elitsha ezizayo). Oku kuya kuba yenkolo wesihlanu, leyo kuthiwa ukuxhasa ubukumkani lamaKristu, uhageleyo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1217, baseYurophu waya iinqanawa yelo ePalestina ngokusebenzisa lweMeditera. Bonke bahlanganisana Acre, idolophu encinane kumzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe. Saracens amaqhinga, ngethemba lokuba imbambano lwangaphakathi, indlala kunye nezifo ndimtshabalalise umkhosi akazange kuhlaselwa. Bona ibalwa yonke into elungileyo. Omnqamlezo wazama ukuthatha entabeni yeTabhore nokuqinisa naye. Kodwa bona abanazo umanyano, ukutya, catapults, kunye hambo wayeka. Zokholo nje ezinza yokuhlala ebusika. Ukungasebenzi kukhokelele imbambano entsha, yaye kungekudala, ngoFebruwari 1218, uKumkani Hungary, lokubona ngamampunge indleko yexesha lakhe, inxalenye yomkhosi wakhe, wabuyela eYurophu ukuze umoya wenkosi le akhonze namvukela kwilizwe labo. Ngoko ke ezimbi ukuqala impi wesihlanu.

Ukusekelwa baseYurophu

Kamva, ngowe-1218, kweza umkhosi olungumxube baseJamani, Dutch kunye Flemish. Kwagqitywa ukuba zifake Damietta eYiputa. Ukuze uphephe lwa miba mibini, olu manyano uxolo eAnatolia lwagqitywa. NgoJulayi, i wesihlanu Iphulo eYiputa.

Nasekuxinweni of Damietta

Omnqamlezo lawela kufuphi nesixeko Damietta, leyo, ngenxa kwindawo yayo kwi-Nile yayigqalwa isitshixo kweli lizwe. Damietta iye uhlanganiswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngaphakathi kwakukho eninzi kutya, nangaphandle baba kweendonga kabini. Xa izibuko apho kwakunzima, njengokuba wayivala loo nqaba, ukusuka apho elunxwemeni waba nomxokelelwane enamandla.

NgoJulayi 1218 yenko- baqalisa singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba. Babefuna Ekutyunyuzweni ngonaphakade iziko yehlabathi Islamic kwaye kwangoko kuphelisa iimfazwe phezu kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele. I-Fifth Iphulo (1217-1221) uzibekele injongo kanye oku. Kodwa apho abasebenzi babandakanyekayo umdla ziiriphabliki Italian kunye nomzi-ithi - ukubonelela urhwebo simahla eYiputa.

Ikhosi ye nasekuxinweni

Okokuqala kwafika ohlangabezana ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kule ncwadana. Emva koko, oko uyiphathisiweyo Leopold VI of Austria.

Emva koko ezihlangene iinqanawa ezimbini, bazakhela njengenqaba ibhulorho elehla. kufutshane yayo inqaba Damietta, kunye namakhulu amathathu Omnqamlezo nkobe. Saracens wamelana ngenkani, kodwa impumelelo kunye abahlaseli. Bathabatha phezu kwinqaba bavula baneenqanawa ukungena iNayile.

Izizathu ezibangela ukuba abantu abalwa zange phambili kwaye uyibambe umzi, ngembali ingacacanga. Ngeli xesha kunye ukusekelwa wasondela Sultan neCairo. Pope Honorius III wathumela umkhosi ukukhokela isithunywa sakhe Pelagiya albano. Ukuphakamisa umoya eSt bafika. Frantsisk Assizsky.

Ke konke oku akuzange ukunceda. Kwangaxeshanye, umkhosi Sultan yaqala ingxabano ukuba oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. umkhosi Muslim lweMedia. AmaKristu awela Nile, bawungqinga umzi wakha ibhulorho, waqalisa zokungqinga yakhe. Umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Damassy kunye neCairo ziye zadibana kunye wabuyela Damietta. baqala kobuntu, kwaye Crusaders ngokufuthi boyisiwe. Noko ke, phakathi amaSilamsi kukho amarhe ukuba uncedo uya iintshaba yomkhosi * uKhesare Frederick II kaThixo. Bacela ukuba kusilungele, uxolo: uzinikele iYerusalem, kunye nemali ukuze kubuyiselwe kweendonga zayo. wavuma ababehlonela kodwa Pelagios wazimfamekisa zizityebi utsalo kunokwenzeka Damietta wala. Fifth Iphulo, kuvela, injongo bamsukela kakhulu eziphathekayo. Nokungazingci yaye injongo zicocekile - inkululeko of the Holy Sepulchre - Knights abazange azalwa. Nasekuxinweni yathatha.

Uloyiso okanye lahluleka?

Ngasekupheleni kokwindla ka-1219, lo mzi, eziqhutywa ukuya kwinqanaba yendlala, yanikezela. ukuba 70 amawaka abantu asinda emihlanu kuphela. Pelagius waba nemincili. Bonke babexakekile ukuphanga - yemveliso wayesisityebi, yaye akukho namnye wacinga ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze ayichithe ngokukhawuleza umkhosi Muslims. Bona, elingumthombo, ifilimu kwelinye elunxwemeni kweminquba ephakamileyo Nile enqatyisiweyo.

nezikhukhula omfula

NgoJulayi 1221, abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi engavumi ukuthobela imiyalelo Pelagia. Bafune wasizuzela ukuze uzakubuyela umkhosi ukumkani waseYerusalem. amajoni akhe asixhenxe amawaka baya Sultan neCairo. Wabuya wanikela uxolo. Omnqamlezo baphenjelelwa Pelagia ngokuphindaphindiweyo wala. Benza nto. AmaKristu amaninzi aye ngasekhohlo ngokuzithandela umkhosi. Ally Saracen Muslims baqalisa kwezikhukhula loMlambo umNayile. Azitshabalalisa nezitshixo kwaye Dam yaye amanzi uye entilini, apho ibekwe khona inkampu lamaKristu. Ngaphandle ukutya, ngaphandle ukukwazi abhenele ngokwabo bangamaKristu saqala ukucela uxolo. Bavunyelwa ukuba bahambe ngo-1221 ukuya ePalestina. Ngoko ignominiously yaphela yenkolo yesihlanu (1217-1221). Iziphumo kuxoxwe ngazo kwicandelo elilandelayo.

imiphumela

Ngokufanayo edlulileyo, iphulo sesihlanu wabonisa:

• utshintsho rhoqo lwezikhundla.
• uqeqesho Poor: Knights walishiya ibutho kwingqiqo yayo eyodwa, ngokufuthi kwiimeko ezinzima.
• Mathidala ukuba enze nezinamatheleneyo ukufumana injongo ephambili - ukukhululwa iLizwe oyiNgcwele kunye Sepulchre oyiNgcwele.
• Kukubawa nomnqweno ukumbamba ubutyebi.
• Ukungabikho isicwangciso emanyeneyo.
• Ngokungazi iimeko zendalo (izikhukula amaKristu Nile kubanjiswa singalindelanga).
• Umnqweno Pope Honorius III ukuba akhokele iphulo ngesithunywa sakhe.
• uxolo lihlazo.

Bonke simlahle ndawonye kwakhokelela ukusilela yaye akazange anikezele naziphi na iziphumo ezihle. Siwela nzima amaKristu yaseYurophu. Bachitha imali eninzi kunye neenzame, wamlinda zoloyiso brilliant kunye neenzuzo, yaye isiphelo sawo a uxolo behlazekile.

Yenkolo Fifth (1217-1221): abathathi-nxaxheba

Hungary and Austria baba ekuqaleni yeli phulo Hungarian ukumkani András II kunye INkosana Austria, Leopold VI. Andras waba umkhosi omkhulu onke amaxesha Zomnqamlezo - 20,000 knights. Ke bona Otto Meransky kwaye Bala UWilhelm Dutch. Kamva Pope Honorius III wathumela isithunywa sakhe, Pelagius, ababesithi umphathi omkhulu. Korol Ioann waseYerusalem, kuqwalaselwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ii Damietta ebukumkanini bakhe. Pelagius, Noko ke, waba nayo. UMlawuli Frederick II wathumela ngo-1221 phantsi Damietta ukusekelwa gqitha, kodwa wahlala eYurophu. Ebudeni uPope Honorius III beqokele ngokubasongela kuye amsongele. Loo nto yafunyanwa sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ngumtyholwa.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba injongo yayo ephambili - ukuba buthathaka amaSilamsi - Europe, nakwelo yesihlanu okanye kwezinye amaphulo 'esikhova. Abachasi abazange bathobele inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Imbeko nozuko, kuse kartel azizange oyisa.