Unyaka ka Foundation of Vladimir kunye umnyaka ukukhankanywa yokuqala

Kukho bambalwa izixeko kwilizwe lethu, imbali nto leyo ebangela impikiswano kakhulu njengoko Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Unyaka ka Foundation of Vladimir - i ingxoxo yenzululwazi kuqhubeka phantse amabini eminyaka. Kwaye wazisa kude kube ngoku ke iziphumo zale ngxoxo ixesha elide. Kwaye namhlanje, unyaka ongumsunguli Vladimir na ingongoma moot.

iinguqulelo ezimbini eziphambili

Eyamkelweyo ukubala engu sezixeko Russia samandulo ukukhankanywa okokuqala kwabo encwadini yeembali. Kodwa nomdla nesihlobo dolophu, lo mgaqo ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo, ekubeni kukho iingxaki ezithile. nonyaka kwaye Sho yemihla Vladimir kuboniswe ngenye indlela. Esi sixeko, ngomhla omnye kubo ( "The Book of Iidegrees," Vladimir umkhumbuzi Nikon, uvuko, Sofia First Chronicle, kunye nabanye.), Ngaba wakha Vladimirom Svyatoslavichem ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-10.

Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, unyaka lesiseko le encwadini yeembali noVladimir (eLviv, i Novgorod lokuQala) - imizuzu 1108 okanye malunga neli xesha. Esi sixeko lasekwa, ngokutsho kwindawo yesibini lwembono, i Vladimirom Monomahom, nguMthetheli Pereyaslavl.

Kuxhomekeke yeembali izazinzulu uqwalasele onegunya kunabo, babeka phambili kwaye asekele kwizigqibo ezahlukeneyo ngokuthandana. Unyaka ka Foundation of Vladimir kunye nonyaka ukukhankanywa wokuqala kuyo mbali abaninzi abanomdla namhlanje.

Izimvo Tatishchev and Karamzin

Umzekelo, VN Tatishchev waveza enye amathandabuzo yokuqala malunga kwindawo yokuqala ngayo. Wayekholelwa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane 10 encwadini yeembali kuthetha inkxaso Vladimira Volynskogo, kunokuba noVladimir-on-Klyazma. Le Isazinzulu kuye kwaba kwinqanaba Ngenxa yokuba ukuya kwixesha Yuriya Dolgorukogo Vladimir Zaleski engakhankanywanga naphi. NM Karamzin Kwakhona wathi isiseko mzi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12.

Ayekholelwa fedotov, Bunin ne Voronin?

Abaphengululi abaninzi maxesha kamva lenyuke kwizikhundla Karamzin kunye Tatishchev. Bazama wokuqinisa iingxoxo Kwempikiswano omtsha ukuba nyaka ongumsunguli Vladimir - imizuzu 1108 (okanye malunga ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12). Suzdal kunye Rostov, fedotov wabonisa, abanekratshi ukuba ngumzi sele bebadala kunawe Vladimir. Ngokuphinda ingxabano Tatishcheva ukuba lo mzi sekeriweke yemihla ngokunxulumene imfazwe Oleg Mstislav ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-11, AI Bunin waleke ngelithi Mstislav emva akhululwa yatsha Suzdal, sagqiba ekubeni sihlale kuyo. Kwaye ukuba ngelo xesha kwakukho sele kukho Vladimir, bekuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuba ahlale.

izifundo ezininzi Voronin NN Ikwaqwalasela umbuzo wokuba yintoni kunyaka ongumsunguli Vladimir kufuneka kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni. Izazinzulu imi--30-40 kumiselwa ekupheleni kwayo lwe ngenkulungwane ye-11. Kamva, ngenxa saseLviv kunye First Novgorod Chronicle, wagqiba ukuba unyaka ka isiseko kwisixeko Vladimir - 1108 th. Noko ke, zikho nezinye izimvo.

Izimvo Kosatkina and Iosaf

Ngokwaneleyo olunzulu kunye ezinqabileyo kwiimpikiswano abo bakholelwa ukuba unyaka yesixeko Vladimir isiseko kuyinto ekuqaleni. Kosatkin and Iosaf bachaza imbalelwano, edume ngokuba Nikon Chronicle, Andreya Bogolyubskogo Luca Hrizovergom, usolusapho baseByzantium. Kukhankanywa ukuba isixeko yasekwa Vladimir Svyatoslavich. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ababhali bagxeka into yokuba ukuthembakala kwalo mbalelwano khange singqiniwe.

Umba zemali bamngcwaba

Unyaka ka Foundation of Vladimir kunye nonyaka ukukhankanywa yokuqala kuwo wayenomdla Tikhonravov. Awukwazi ukubiza ingxoxo ekholisa ukuba izazinzulu uzama ukubonisa umhla ngaphambili ezafunyanwa kummandla hoards eziinkozo akwi-7-10 kwiinkulungwane th.

Elinye iqela avakalisa ukuba imali kufuneka kungcwatywa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi emva yasasazwa weza. Noko ke, mhlawumbi ke kwakubekwe kuphela, kodwa phantse kwenzeke. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba eninzi imali kwiinkulungwane 7-10 baba luhleli ngokupheleleyo kumntu kwaye yongezwe hayi ingqekembe esinye yomhla emva kwixesha xa kungcwatywa, xa ubutyebi uyazifihla. Kubonakala ngathi, ke, ukuba sesichengeni Tikhonravov indawo yenye. Kwindibano umsengi kakhulu ngemihla yamandulo yorhwebo iVolga ndlela hoards ibekwe zemali. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuze babe nolwalamano ngqo Vladimir, nakubeni ke zigutyungelwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-10.

Moments Poswayo xa kuqwalaselwa ezinye izazi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, ubhekisela kwiimpikiswano zezazinzulu babekholelwa ukuba isiseko Vladimir waye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, utyekelo ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo zodwa, ingakhange irwece iingxaki yeyobuKristu Rus mpumalanga ngaphezu linciphise ukuba sele ngokuzenzela amahlwempu umthombo kwisiseko. Idla indawo yi kweerekhodi izakhiwo ezibhaliweyo, ezo zisekelwe ubungqina. Ukususela zemihla amaxesha lishiyiwe iindawo ezichasene iziphumo ezimisiweyo oosonzululwazi ezahlukeneyo.

Ingaba Vladimir Monomakh waseka isixeko?

Zemihla ngemihla ukuba isixeko yasekwa Vladimir Svyatoslavich, NN Voronin wathi kaHomer. imbonakalo yazo, wahlanganisa kunye bume elihambisayo ibonisa Andrei Bogolyubov, ababefuna ukungqina kudala yesixeko sifuna ukuphucula iwonga le Vladimir-Suzdal ulawulo, kwaye ingqukuva, ngokulandelelanayo, le ubulawuli.

Yintoni wena ngaloo nto? Masithi, ngokobulumko aqhelekileyo malunga nonyaka umzi base Vladimir uyinyaniso ngokwembali, oko elimiswe 1108. Xa m 1111 wazalwa Andrew Bogolyubskii, okt emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela emva kokuba isixeko yasekwa, Vladimir Monomakh. Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso-advanced squad prince ezingqina ababephila owabona Share Vladimir ukuba yayisekelwe hayi Monomakh, kwaye ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo. Akuthandeki ukuba ngumpolitiki clever Prince noAndreya wathembela zingqondweni ababephila, kwakunye indelelo i Vladimir Monomakh, utatomkhulu wakhe omkhulu, ababephila igama ezizodwa eRashiya.

Noko ke, side sifike odumileyo 'Ukuyalela "Vladimir Monomakh abantwana kunye umlando ubomi bakhe njengenxalenye ye Laurentian Chronicle. Etha kuwo malunga amaphulo amaninzi ye-Prince, kodwa ngenxa Vladimir lutho.

Le ngxoxo omkhulu nabaxhasi kamva

Makhe sihlolisise impikiswano, leyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwicala inguqulo isixeko yasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12. Oleg Svyatoslavich kwikhompyutha 1096 Suzdal kunye Rostov, kodwa Ukuhlasela abendlu ka Mstislav of Novgorod wakhawuleza kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele Moore. Wazitshisa Suzdal, layohlala. Akukho nto ithethwayo kulo mzekelo malunga Vladimir, nangona kwafuneka ukwabelana Isiphelo sakhe, ngenxa yokuba phezu endleleni Oleg. Oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba akakho isixeko ngelo xesha.

Ngaba siqwalasele le ngxoxo ekholisayo?

Siyaqondakala kungathathwa isigqibo le ngxoxo. Okokuqala, akukho mfuneko Oleg kwafuneka ukuba alandele kule dolophu, ukususela Suzdal ukuya Muromu waba indlela emfutshane ngakumbi, ibekwe ngasechwebeni kwi Nerl River. Bekuya kuba bubulumko kwi Indawo ukukungxamela ukoluka ngo njengoko ezilishumi weekhilomitha kude. Zemihla yokuchwetheza, yaye okwesibini, kukho unyaka 1095 iindaba Vladimir, elibhekisela iziganeko belo xesha. Ithi ukuba Oleg wathabatha Vladimir, phakathi kwezinye izixeko.

Ngokwahlukileyo ukuthandana kade ndawo amagama afana Pochayna, Lybed, Irpen. Baba Kiev. Ukuba isixeko yasekwa Monomakh, bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ukulindela amagama Pereiaslav, njengoko le nkosana yaba Pereyaslavl de 1113, yaye abantu beza kuye, kungaba kuphela kule ubulawuli. NN Voronin, Noko ke, yakuthobela ukuba bathi imbonakalo amagama data phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-12. Nangona kunjalo, oku akulindelekanga, ekubeni ngelo xesha Andrew Bogolyubskii nolwaluchasene Kiev nokuthembela ekumiseleni neengqukuva iinkosi ka galich.

Ukanti ngonyaka isiseko Vladimir kuyinyaniso ngokwembali? Ngelishwa, namhlanje singakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo ayintsokothanga. impikiswano obungenakuphikiswa ukuba uVladimir Wesuka kamva, akakho, umzekelo, into yokuba umaleko nenkcubeko yelo 10-11 iinkulungwane th, kungafumaneki nkohliso kuyo. It is ayiqinisekiswanga archaeology ezininzi izixeko zamandulo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho njengobungqina kwakhona - umhla ngaphambili ukwenzeka kwayo. Ngokwemveli, unyaka isiseko kwisixeko Vladimir - th 1108. Ngowe-1958, ephawula yokuzalwa kwakhe 850th.

Nanini na isixeko yasekwa, waqalisa ixesha ukukhula kwaye kukhule kubulelwe ukhathalelo Yuriya Dolgorukogo kunye Vladimir Monomakh. Ngowe-1157 Andrew apha Bogolyubskii elikomkhulu ubukumkani.