Imvelaphi elithi "isikolo". Le etymology elithi "isikolo"

Igama elithi "isikolo" ixhaphake kangaka kwisigama ukuba bambalwa abantu babezibuza apho kwafika ilizwi. "School" - njengokuba kubhaliwe awasiwisayo Russian, "skhole" - indlela ngayo bevuthela eGrisi yamandulo, uzelwe apho. Noko ke, evakalayo ngokwahlukileyo kancinci, "ikhefu", "lokuphola" yaye "nokuchulumacha", ngamanye amazwi - ". Yokuchitha" Le etymology elithi "isikolo" ukuthini oku ngxi epheleleyo kunye nokuphumla kunye nokugcinwa ngexesha lakhe nanceba, incoko okrelekrele uyafundisa - ubuchule oluthandayo zobulumko zamaGrike. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zo kunye iinkcuba kwakukho abafundi rhoqo, kwaye ingqiqo ka "isikolo" beza kuthetha inkqubo yokufunda, yaye kamva igumbi aguqulelwe kuye.

Iiklasi esikolweni ngexesha lokugqibela kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka sifundo yanamhlanje. Ngokwendalo, umahluko ixesha yazisa utshintsho, kodwa lo mgaqo iyafana intlungu kwi eziqhelekileyo kuthi: abafundi ezifanayo engalawulekiyo, ootitshala engqongqo kunye nezifundo ekruqulayo.

School bamaxesha amandulo

Inkqubo yokufunda senzeka nokuba kumanqanaba zokuqala kuphuhliso lwabantu, ngoko sigqibe ukuba izikolo yokuqala ukuvela ngelo xesha. Intsingiselo yegama elithi "isikolo" kwi Zamandulo wathwala intsingiselo eyahlukileyo: abantwana bafundiswa ukufunda nokubhala (it akazange ayisekho), kunye nokukwazi kusinda kwihlabathi ngaphandle. Ukukwazi kuzingela kanye karate ezo zifundo ibaluleke kakhulu amakhwenkwe. Amantombazana, kwakunye ngawo onke amaxesha, elichule wokufama, womluki, ukupheka. Kaloku, apho kungekho iimviwo? Kakade ke, kodwa uvavanyo ezimasikizi, ebizwa ngokuba 'lokukhula ". mfana ukuvavanya amandla nomonde na kutshiswa ngomlilo, bathi omnye bamtyabula, Wayixakaxa eluswini, leyo phantse lonk yabangela zingqondweni elivisayo. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo le yoviwo yaba nekratshi inkwenkwe njengoko waba lilungu epheleleyo yoluntu abadala.

Sumerians: isizwe abafunde kakhulu

Ifudusiwe ulwazi umdla kakhulu malunga nezikolo bamaSumeri - enye impucuko yokuqala. "Indlu amacwecwe '- ngoko ke imfundo yabantu, nto leyo iminyaka 3000 BC. e. kahle ubugcisa zomdongwe, ukunkcenkceshela ukubetha amasimi, lazo, ujikeleza, nasekuqiniseni izixhobo zobhedu nobhedu.
Sumerians ngobuciko wabhala umbongo, umculo, ukuba ulwimi lwabo olubhaliweyo, wayesazi ngeenkwenkwezi, algebra aphantsi imithetho eziphambili (uphinda-phindo, iyantlukwano, kwaye nkqu ukususwa inani ingcambu). Kuyinto ezi zikolo wanika indlela eya kubomi labafana, owathi kamva waba iinkokheli.

School e Egypt

Kunzima kakhulu ukuba abafundi laseYiputa, ngokuba inkqubo yokufunda zazintsonkothile: kwakufuneka ukwazi oonobumba ngaphezulu kwama-700, ukubhalwa kuyo bekufunwa uncedo olukhulu.
Into ebalulekileyo isifundo trehhvostaya isabhokhwe, elele ezinyaweni ngutitshala. yonke imihla esikolweni abafundi yaqalwa kwimibongo zokufunda, ukuphindaphinda iindinyana elide ngokuvakalayo ngutitshala, kwaye ngoku baba ezamahala ukubaxelela ekupheleni kosuku.

Indlela ukufunda amaGrike amandulo

EGrisi yamandulo oko kuvunyelwa ukuba beze esikolweni kuphela xa amakhwenkwe abavela kwiintsapho abazizityebi - oonyana ngamakhoboka apho kwakungekho ndawo, ngoko ke kwakufuneka baqale ukusebenza besebancinane. Amantombazana aye ekhaya engafundanga, phantsi unakekele umama wam, yaye kakuhle isayensi kunokuba luncedo kubo ubomi bentsapho elizayo: ezoqoqosho, umculo, imisebenzi yobugcisa, ukwaluka, yaye, ke, ukufunda nokubhala. Isifundo esikolweni ihlawulwe. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba baseAthene, njengazo zonke slaveholders, wamcekisa ukusebenzela abantu imali, yaye ootitshala ohlonelwayo ekuhlaleni zange ukuyisebenzisa. Intsingiselo yegama elithi "isikolo" edityaniswa notitshala, kwaye kungoko ngendlela ihlwempu yobomi abakhokelayo. Ukuba indoda ixesha elide ziye ingxelo angekhoyo, abahlobo bakhe bathi yokugqibela okanye afe, okanye abe ngumfundisi. ubukho elusizi akukho nokuba uvumelekile ukuba enze ngokwayo ngayo.

La makhwenkwe baya esikolweni ukususela kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala yaye usoloko sikhatshwe ngutitshala nabangamakhoboka, ukuba ukujonga emva kokuba umntwana waza wazala bakhe izinto zesikolo. Isifundo oluphambili ukubhala, ukufunda kunye oyilwayo. Kuye kwaba kudala indawo awazalelwa kuyo igama elithi "isikolo".

Ukufunda ukufunda imibongo Homer kaThixo - ". Odyssey" "I-Iliad" yaye Ukongezelela ekufumaneni ulwazi olongezelelweyo xa geography, umntwana wamisela umzekelo kunye nesibindi Inkalipho heroes isebenza ukuze kuliwe iingxaki.

I-invoyisi izixhobo ezibonwayo baba iingqalutye kunye nebhodi ezizodwa ziphawulwe kuso ukuchithwa amanani: iiyunithi, amashumi, amakhulu.

Ileta kuqala abandakanya kwiiBhodi zomthi alekwe Yanjengomthwebeba, yaye kamva - kwimipapiri. Ungumhambeli phambili indlela mihla emphinini yaba - sisinyithi, okanye stick ithambo, tsolo kwelinye icala.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa umculo yinxalenye yobomi zamaGrike. Yonke inkwenkwe bafunda ukucula nokudlala ngembande okanye ngofefe.

Kwakhona, abafundi benza ngenkuthalo imithambo, unika iyangqinelana umzimba, bhetyebhetye - Greece kuye isizwe esinempilo idinga.

Mu kuya kwa nshita kwizikolo banamhlanje (apho imvelaphi elithi "isikolo" banomdla ipesenti encinane yabafundi) kwizikolo ootitshala ngexesha lokugqibela asohlwaye abantwana ngenxa yokungathobeli kunye nokuqhuba kakubi kwizifundo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakukho uluthi kunye isabhokhwe.

Esikolweni yaphela iiklasi ukuya kwiminyaka eli-16. Abantwana nabazali abazizityebi ukuba baqhubeke nemfundo yabo iminyaka emi-2.

NgoSeptemba 1 - iMini Knowledge

Imbali elithi "isikolo" lisoloko linxulunyaniswa umhla kaSeptemba 1 - elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo kunye amaqoqo ezithe bhenqe, kumkhawulela abahlobo, kunye nomnxeba lokuqala. Kutheni ukhetho bawa phezu kweli imini ekuqaleni konyaka wesikolo? Ukuba imvelaphi yegama elithi "isikolo" lu dityanisiwe Greece yamandulo, umseki isithethe yasekwindla yi Byzantium, apho ngoSeptemba 1 aphawula ingqalo yayo indalo kaThixo. Kungenxa yoku kunye nenani yomsebenzi entsimini, nto leyo eye inxaxheba, yaye abadala nabancinane. Grand Prince Ivan III ngenkulungwane XV kade, wabhengeza kaSeptemba 1 ekuqaleni konyaka New (aka, Ukuqala Indiction) holiday ecaweni-karhulumente. Kamva, phantsi ngengqibo Petra Velikogo, uNyaka oMtsha wafuduselwa njengesiqhelo zonke kaJanuwari 1, kunye nebandla kunye ikhalenda lezolimo zishiywe zingatshintshanga ngenxa yengqesho ngexesha lokuvuna yezolimo.

NgoSeptemba 1, iingcango izikolo vula kumazwe afana ne-Czech Republic, Ukraine, Belarus, eUnited lweBaltic. EJamani Spain kwiphondo ngalinye kunyaka wezifundo kuxhomekeke ixesha lokuvuna kwaye ekuqaleni ungadlulanga umhla we-1 Oktobha. E Italy, lo mhla isiqalo na ekuqaleni iiklasi. abantwana Danish ukuya esikolweni phakathi ku-Agasti, kwaye amaBritane, baseKhanada naseMelika - ngolwesiBini wokuqala kaSeptemba. Le etymology elithi "isikolo" kuzisa ndawonye onke amazwe, nkqu Japan, ukuthumela isizukulwana abancinane ukufumana ulwazi nge-1 Apreli.

Intsingiselo yegama elithi "isikolo"

Ngolwimi mihla Russian elithi "isikolo" unikwa kubaluleke ngaphezu siza kusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, izifanokuthi elithi "isikolo" uyakwazi ukufumana, esazi intsingiselo yalo ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle umgudu. Zezi:

• amaziko emfundo (zamabanga aphakamileyo, high school);
• kwizikolo ezizodwa (umculo, isikolo imidlalo yabantwana);
• inkqubo yemfundo iphela;
• uqeqesho, amava ungcolisa (school philological, isikolo yobomi);
• ulwalathiso kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, yenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa (nezeeLwimi School Moscow, School of Contemporary Art);
• nursery kwizityalo ezikhulayo.

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, kusenokwenzeka ukuba pick up izifanokuthi elithi "isikolo". Oku - isikolo, ikholeji, kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, nursery, iSikolo Film, isikolo ubukrelekrele, isikolo esinaleni, ukufaneleka, isimbo, iklasi, kwaye inani podkovannost amagama amaninzi.

School: ingcambu kwingcambu yegama

Ingcambu yaloo elithi "isikolo" sisiseko ezi okunye, "umfundi", "intombazana esikolweni", "isikolo", "shkolnichat" "umfundi". Kwenzeka ukuba, igama elithi "shkolnichat" laziwa njenge "ukuzixakekisa", "ukuganga", oko kukuthi, ukukhokela ngathi yesikolo. "Kwizikolo" libhekisela namacebo eziziimpawu umfundi, umntwana. Ngaphambili wasebenzisa igama elithi "umfundi", ngenxa yenkolelo umhlola, abolekwe kulwimi Ukrainian lixesha namhlanje. Enyanisweni, iye iingcambu Polish ( «szkolarz» - ngoko kubhaliwe nezibonda). Ukususela elithi "umfundi" kukho okunye - "shkolyarstvo" yaye "umfundi", xabiso lazo elo kulwimi Ukrainian iye zombini ingqiqo ezintle nezimbi, yaye limele:

• ngokubambisana ukuze "umfundi";
• bahlale esikolweni;
• ukulandela ukuzazi, imithetho nenkani, iipateni, indlela umfundi abakwazi ukuba nantoni na.
• umfundi yokuziphatha;
• ukungaluxabisi ngamnye. Oku ilandelwe imisebenzi ngababhali ezininzi Russian.

Ngokutyhilwa ngu yeminyanya, "shkolyarstvo" sichazwa ngokumba owomileyo zixwebile kwaye pedantry, iyazeya elandela, ngokufuthi imithetho eyamkelekileyo njengempambano ezincinane.

Imvelaphi yegama elithi "isikolo" version Ya Kamensky

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwale ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "isikolo", equka izifinyezo, leyo wasungula utitshala Czech futhi sazi J. Kamensky (1562-1670). Waba ingcamango ethile yemfundo jikelele ngolwimi lwenkobe, wamnika igama lakhe ukusuka oonobumba yokuqala sisaci, iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian iyalila "licebo olumkileyo, isenzo esihle, yakwazi ukuthetha."

History of amanye amagama

Kanye njengokuba imbali elithi "esikolweni," wawurhola ingqalelo imvelaphi yamagama ezinxulumeneyo.

Portfolio. Kuye iingcambu French kwaye ziquka iindawo ezimbini: i "izibuko" ( "athwale") kunye "Fel" ( "iphepha").

Notebook. Ivela ukusuka 'tetradion "ngesiGrike, gama elo elithetha" agobe iinxalenye ezine. " Le ndlela amaGrike wenzayo kumaxesha amandulo, iikhompyutha eziphathwayo, ukuthunga kuba lula amagqabi 4.

Iholide. igama oluthandayo bonke abafundi ukuguqula agama kwisiLatini lithetha "inja omncinane". Uphi na uqhagamshelo? "Ikhefu" (inja elincinane), amaRoma ebizwa inkwenkwezi Sirius, njengoko babekholelwa - inja kuzingela kuprinto Orion. Xa ubona esibhakabhakeni Sirius eRoma kweza zasehlotyeni ezishushu kakhulu kwaye ibhengeze ikhefu kuzo zonke iiklasi, zona ngokuba "ikhefu."