Indlela ukubala umhlalaphantsi elizayo ngokwakho: ukuxatyiswa, umvuzo, ifomula, umzekelo

Yazi ukuba ukubala ngayo umhlala-phantsi kwixesha elizayo, kubalulekile, njengoko olu lwazi luza kuvumela umfanekiso ocacileyo elizayo mali emva kwexesha yabasebenzi esebenzayo. Xa isikhokelo sesi sihloko, zininzi bokuqonda ukuba ezingaziwayo kwindoda avareji esitratweni.

ulwazi basic

Phambi ngokuhlola algorithm ukubala, iyavakala lokujongana yintoni umhlala-phantsi. Enye ingcaciso kakhulu ilula: i yemali imbuyekezo somvuzo kunye nezinye izibonelelo kwabo abemi abaye inshorensi, yaye ngenxa imiba eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ubudala, akusekho bakwazi ukubonelela ngokwabo.

Kukho iindidi ezintathu ipension, eyile ukufuna ukwazi:

- TP wabangela abakhubazekileyo;

- TP yobudala (iminyaka);

- TA ezinxulumene nelahleko nemali ekhaya.

Ngeemali iinzuzo zomhlalaphantsi na iminikelo inshorensi ngabaqeshi. Bala kwi pension ngabafazi abaye ndandineminyaka engama-55, kunye namadoda nimoyisile kunyaka-60 imbali. Kuyinto imithetho kwacaca ukuba zinika impendulo elula umbuzo - yintoni umhlala-phantsi ngoku kungxamisekile eRashiya. Kodwa ukuba ngummi, ngoko ukuthetha, yasetyenzwa ngokutsha, akunamsebenzi ahlale ngaphandle ingqalelo.

Okwangoku, ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi usebenzisa ifomula ngokwanelisayo elukhuni yokubala intlawulo, kodwa oku kubangelwe umnqweno ukuthathela ingqalelo imiba eyahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela imali yokudlala. Kodwa ke, jikelele, ukuzama ukuqonda ukuba ukubala indlela umhlalaphantsi phantsi, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo nezalathi zentsebenzo eziphambili esetyenziswa ekubaleni. Sithetha ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

- NB (isiseko isahlulo). Its imizimba iseti karhulumente, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukho amalungu entsapho kuxhomekeke izithintelo kwinkqubo yengqesho kunye nobudala.

- LF (inxalenye inkxaso yabasebenzi yomhlala-phantsi). Le nxalenye kwakheka ukusuka ingeniso evela kutyalo-mali yomhlala-phantsi kwi-Pension Fund ka Russian Federation kunye nemirhumo inshorensi ngokuzithandela.

- alo (inshorensi yinxalenye yomhlalaphantsi). Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni ezinkulu pension, leyo, nayo, iquka iinxalenye ezimbini: isixa-inshorensi ukususela ngo-2002 kwaye asethi pension kuqikelelwa phambi kweli xesha.

Ngokubanzi, ukubala usebenzisa amaqhosha amabini ulwazi malunga ummi - ukuya kubuyiselo pension kunye nasemva kwayo. Kwaye ke townsfolk abafuna ukuqonda ukuba ukubala njani umhlalaphantsi elizayo, oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Intsalela yale sihloko kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu ngakumbi ngokumalunga nezinto ezihambelana kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka emkhosini.

Kubalulekile Yintoni ukuthatha ingqalelo phambi kokuba kokubala

Ukuze siyiqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba ukubala ngayo umhlala-phantsi kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo ezinye bokuqonda leyo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kweentlawulo. Ngoko ke, amaqela ezahlukeneyo abemi kunye nemiqathango yokubala iya kwahluka kancinci:

- Abo umhlala, kuqhubeka ukusebenza, sinokuqiniseka ukuba intlawulo kwimeko sabo irhoxisiwe, kwaye kananjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe kwandisa.

- Ukuba umntu ilungiselela ekupheleni kwexesha yengqesho wasebenza amaqashiso phambi kuphuculo, ubuchule kunye namava ziya zibalwe ngokutsha ibe amanqaku ngaphandle nayiphi na ilahleko yemali.

- Kukho abantu ubudala usondele ekuthatheni umhlala-phantsi, kodwa zange wasebenza ngokusesikweni kangangeminyaka eli-15. Olu didi lwabantu, kwakunye nabantu abangenalo ixesha nakanye, bakwazi ukufumana ipension lwentlalo kuphela.

- Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imisebenzi umsebenzi esebenzayo amabini abusayi iinzuzo eziphathekayo. Oku kuchazwe yi into kulandelayo: inani lilonke lamanqaku, aya kukhredithwa okunene ahlale kwinqanaba labemi abafumana umvuzo zaseburhulumenteni ngumqeshi olufanayo.

- Sicinga ukuba ukubala njani imali ye pension, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukwabiwa nokubhala umdla phakathi nokwanda inshorensi pension kunokukhokelela ilahleko ezithile. Isixa lwentlawulo luya kuba ngakumbi kuphela ukuba udidi ephambili baziqwebele.

Kaloku, esizaziyo kukuba imivuzo ekuthiwa-emvulophini mandundu ngokombono yepenshini kunciphisa kakhulu isixa ezibanjwayo.

Kwinkqubo lwamatyala kunye Iinguqu eziphambili

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ngqo ukuba abe kuhlaziyo lomhlala wenze utshintsho kwinkqubo accrual, kodwa zisebenza kuphela iinzuzo ubudala-ubudala. Kule ndawo, ezo iindawo ezibe enye, ngoku nizahlule, izinto ngamanye ukubala. Sithetha malunga inshorensi kunye omsebenzi pension. Kuyinto oluthile lwe-inshorensi bubonwa ngokuqwalasela iingongoma. Ukuba nomzi inani elifunekayo kubo, kufuneka ukuba wenze iminikelo rhoqo kudidi inshorensi pension. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba ezi nguqu ezifanelekayo kubantu zabo zengqesho yaqaliswa ngo-2015. Abo ngenkuthalo basebenza ixesha elide phambi xesha, utshintsho kwinkqubo hayi ezisindayo.

Kodwa abantu abatsha, oku kuya kuthetha ukuba inkqubo enjalo, njengoko ekubaleni pension, akayi kuba sisiqinisekiso kuphela umvuzo avareji. Ngokubanzi, ukuze siqonde uhlobo umhlalaphantsi uyakwazi ukubala, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo amacandelo amathathu:

- ixesha wokuba ngubani omkhulu;

- term yomhlalaphantsi ;

- mali ezibanjwayo.

Ukuba sangaphambili, kwakubalulekile ukuba nje imali ilungelo iminikelo kunye neminyaka emi-5 yamava yomsebenzi ezisesikweni abantu abatsha ukuba umhla yi a iimfuno kwinkqubo.

Okokuqala, kwanyusa ixesha efunekayo yemisebenzi yabasebenzi, uya kukhula qho ngonyaka de ifikelela kwizinga engama-15. Lo mzuzu kufuneka eze ngo-2025.

Ngoku - ingakumbi malunga neemfuneko ukufumana ipension umhlala-phantsi:

- Okokuqala kufuneka ufikelele kwiminyaka yomhlalaphantsi. Kuba namankazana Yiminyaka-55, la madoda aya kufuneka asebenze de-60.

- Kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenze ngaphandle amava umsebenzi ubuncinane. Sithetha isithuba kwiminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-15.

- Imeko yokugqibela phambi kwenani elifunekayo amanqaku, nto leyo 30 okanye ngaphezulu.

iibhola accrual kwenziwa ngokuzenzekela. Oku kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa imibandela efana nobungakanani iminikelo, ukuxatyiswa ubudala, apho ummi ngamnye umva.

Ifomula yokubala ipension, ezifanelekileyo abantu abaselula kufuneka siquke zonke ezi mpawu. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala amanqaku okanye amava lifutshane kakhulu, imveliso eholideyini yalibaziseka iminyaka emi-5. Kwaye kulo mzekelo akuyi kuba uhlobo olungundoqo lwe pension - zentlalo okanye abasebenzi.

Abo okunene ozalisa umsebenzi okanye ukulungele ukuyeka imisebenzi ngokuphathelele kwixesha lomhlala phantsi, ungakhathazeki. Nangona amanani kwaye iya kuguqulelwa, okanye abayi kuchaphazela isixa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, kungenjalo kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni.

Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka iibhonasi

Phantsi komthetho ngoku, abemi kwiimeko ezithile akwazi ukufumana amanqaku ezingaphezulu. Ezi ibhonasi anikezwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

- Ukuba ukunyamekela abantwana abakhubazekileyo. Ngonyaka ngamnye kukhathalelo olunjalo ityala 1.8 ibhola.

- Xa ummi ukuya emkhosini kumkhosi Russian. Kukho kwakhona ziya kunikwa amanqaku amanqaku 1.8 ngonyaka ngamnye awusebenzileyo.

- Count on iibhonasi angakwazi nabafazi bethathe ikhefu lokuya kubeleka. Kule meko, ndibuvelela scheme eyahlukileyo kancinane. Traditional 1.8 kuzisa ibhola kunyaka wokuqala ummiselo. Iintsuku 365 zilandelayo zinika ithuba lokuba bafumane ibhola 3.6. Ngomnyaka wesithathu kwekhefu ukunyamekela umntwana uchola uphawu ukuya kwinqanaba iibhola 5.4. Ukuba ixesha ummiselo luya kugqithisela kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu-, ngokuba kunyaka ngamnye urhulumente ziyabhatalisa ibhola 5.4.

- iibhonasi ziya kufumaneka ukuba abo banyamekela isalamane, ogama yobudala lidlula engama-80. Apha babiza kumgangatho eqhelekileyo (1.8).

Ukuqhubela phambili kwesihloko iibhola, kufuneka kwakhona ukutsalela ingqalelo ukubaluleka wokuba ngubani omkhulu. Njengokuba kuye kwachazwa ngasentla, ngokungqinelana nenkqubo endala, akuzange kube luphawu oluphambili, nto leyo wadlala ubukhulu Ukutsalwa kwemali indima enkulu. Ngoku le meko itshintshe: ukuyilwa kwento inzuzo nyanga rhoqo njenge isongezelelo yepension ngenxa yezikhundla Kuya kuba elinye lamaxabiso eziphambili. Oko kukuthi, abo abaye basebenza ixesha elide ziya kufakwa ebomini babo awusasebenzi ukuba kuya kuba nefuthe ngqo kwi-mali yomhlalaphantsi.

Ukuba sithethe ngendlela zibalwa iibhola, kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo kule ndlela ilandelayo:

(Ipo yonyaka N / NGOs kunyaka N) * 10.

apho phantsi Ipo kubalulekile ukuqonda igalelo Ummi ngamnye kwingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, NGOs kule iinkcukacha kuthetha izityholo, kwaye unobumba N isetyenziswa ukubonisa kunyaka othile.

Icebo yokubala

Ethetha iintlawulo elizayo abantu abasondeleyo yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise inkqubo eyahlukileyo ngakumbi kwimeko yabantu abatsha, apho kusekho umsebenzi omninzi.

Ukuba ngummi Russian Federation baqalisa ukusebenza ngaphambi January 1, 2002, ngoko ke efanelekileyo, le fomyula ilandelayo ukubala umhlala:

P = PBS + SCH1 SCH2 + + ST.

Phantsi imfuneko FBI ukuba baqonde umhlalaphantsi ezisisiseko ezisisigxina, umiselwe ngurhulumente.

SCH1 - kuyinxalenye inshorensi ye pension leyo ibalwa ngokusebenzisa iipremiyamu umqeshi yokufaka de-2002.

SCH2 - inshorensi inxalenye, eliquka iminikelo ukususela ngo-2002.

Njengoko kumiselwe yi-CB kunye valorisation imali ixhomekeke kwinani leminyaka ezipheleleyo yenkonzo.

Ukuba Ipeyinti malunga nenqanaba ekubaleni algorithm, le nkqubo iya kuba umfanekiso ngake xaka.

Ngoko yokuqala bonke bakuthathele ingqalelo stazhevoy into eza kuba negalelo elingqalileyo kwimali yomhlala-phantsi ngenxa yoko. Apho ke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiyunithi 0,55 babelwa amadoda iminyaka engama-25 yenkonzo phambi kokuba utshintsho (2002) kunye namabhinqa kwisithuba seminyaka engama-20. Kwimeko yokudlula kulo mda ukuze nyaka ngamnye idityaniswa 0,01 umanyano factor, icandelo esebenzayo malingaze libe ngaphezulu uphawu 0,20. Ngoko ke phantsi komxholo othi "ukubala indlela umhlalaphantsi elizayo" ekuqaleni kufuneka ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo amava.

Okulandelayo ke ekubaleni umlinganiselo lomvuzo lithathe elizayo kunye avareji ingeniso kweli lizwe 2000 - 2001 kwiminyaka. Kungenjalo, idatha zingasetyenziswa naziphi na iinyanga 60 amava omsebenzi, nto leyo eye akukho ekhefu.

Kulo mzekelo umlinganiselo ukuba mayingagqithi izinga 1.2. Ukuba sithetha ngayo abemi intlomo yasentla, ngoko eli nani Ziza kumana zisihla zinyuka ngeenxa 1.4-1.9 iiyunithi. Oku ikakhulu ixhomekeke ukungavumelani kwe lomvuzo, kundlunkulu efakiweyo kwindawo ethile.

In inyathelo elilandelayo umvuzo wafumana avareji liphindaphindwe lomlingani kunye inani ngo-1671 engange. Lo mzobo yokugqibela yi umvuzo wenyanga avareji kweli lizwe ngenxa kwikota yesi-3 ka-2001, esaye samkelwa intlawulo. Isiphumo umhlalaphantsi, waphinda ngokomthetho omtsha.

yomhlalaphantsi Ukuncipha

Kulo mzekelo, njengoko emibuzo afanelekileyo "indlela ukubala yomhlala ngokwalo?". Kodwa ukuze ukwahlula izibalo ibichanile ukugqiba iqela lamanyathelo ezilandelelanayo.

- Okokuqala, makhe ukufumana ulwazi malunga izikhundla zabo - nokuba kubhekiswa kwiindidi engcono. Fumana olu lwazi kwi website yethu PF, nto leyo iqulathe uluhlu imisebenzi evumela iingcali ukuze aye kwi babephumle kumsebenzi phambi kokuba bonke abemi.

- Ukuba umsebenzi endiyilangazelelayo eyayifunyenwe kuluhlu, amanyathelo alandelayo aya kuncitshiswa abe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uchaze ngamaxesha athile zengqesho ukuba lubalwa amava. Kweli nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kuzo zombini ubude kunye ziko, neendonga zazo ukusebenza, ngenxa yokuba kukho kwakhona uluhlu lwe amashishini anxulumene kudidi nelungelo.

- ubala amava nokuqonda idatha owayesakuba ngumqeshi, kufuneka ukukhangela ukuba iinkcukacha wafumana iimfuno imithetho ekhoyo. Ngaphezu koko, ufanele wazi ukuba bangaphi iibhola akuqinisekisi sum leminyaka kuthathelwa ingqalelo amazinga iminikelo yomhlalaphantsi. Olu lwazi ingafunyanwa nayo kwi-PF.

- Efunyenwe Inani lamanqaku ukuba iphindaphindwe umhlalaphantsi lomlingani, kwaye ekugqibeleni ufumana ubukhulu yomhlalaphantsi lifinyele.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe nkonzo zekhompyutha

Abo banqwenela ukuya ngendlela elula, iyavakala ukuhlawula ingqalelo sokubala pension, leyo kwi website esemthethweni ye RF Pension Fund. Le nkqubo iza lula kakhulu inkqubo yokubala indicators ezifunekayo.

Le nkonzo iquka zonke igalelo ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo enokuchaphazela isixa pension kunye nexesha lokuhamba eholideyini. Yonke into efunekayo - ukuba uzalise onke amasimi, nto ke leyo umsebenzi olula.

umhlala calculator inika umfanekiso kakhulu njongo. Xa usenza izibalo sithabathela ingqalelo, umzekelo, bakhonze umkhosi. Nangona eli gama nto ichazwa ubude inkonzo yena ummi Russian ufumana amanqaku 1.8.

Azithathelwa ngqalelo yonke le minyaka eyahlulelwe ukuba abasebenzi abasisigxina. Ngaphandle kule meko unelungelo lokuya kubeleka ixesha Ndiwise umthetho. Phela, izikolo ngenxa yekhefu ukunyamekela umntwana ingqalelo nazo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba abemi Russian uyakwazi ukufumana ibhonasi pension yabo ngereyithi eyi-25%, ukuba kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo abahlala emaphandleni kwaye esebenza kwicandelo lezolimo.

Kuthekani amava eSoviet

Abaninzi banomdla enyanisweni njani siya ingqalelo yezikhundla ezifunyenwe ngexesha leSoviet, nokuba kuya ngokubanzi kuba naliphi na inani. Ngaphandle kolu lwazi kunzima ukuqonda ukuba ukubala indlela umfazi pension wazalwa ngo 1961 kunye nabanye abantu, lowo waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha ibhunga.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ubude esele ifunyenwe ukuya ku-2002, kuquka ukuya ekusekweni Russian Federation, kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ukuba iminyaka pre-guqula, inani yabasebenzi lifikelele ingongoma 27, ukuba kuzo ziya kongezelelwa factor. isayizi lwayo luya kuba iinxalenye ezimbini: 0,55 20 iminyaka yenkonzo phambi 2002 no 0,01 nganye 12 iinyanga emva izithethe elikhankanyiweyo ukuba kwisithuba seminyaka esixhenxe iya kuba 0,07. Ngenxa yoko, 'ngumlingani apho lomvuzo 1.2 ziya kudluliselwa.

Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, kubemi abaninzi eSoviet iholo pension ubalo okunene kuthathelwa ngqalelo. Endaweni yoko, sithabathela ingqalelo umvuzo kweli lizwe kwixesha ukusuka ku-2000 ukuya kowama-2001, nto leyo ilingana no 1647 engange. Thabatha umvuzo Soviet ukuze ikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo capital komhlala-phantsi. Ezi zalathisi ziya kudityaniswa iminikelo kunye namava, ebhalwe emveni kokuba inguquko.

Kwi-avareji, ummi owenze engama-35 kwaye ufumana umvuzo ka-20,000 engange. ukwazi ukubala kwi pension ka-35% yobukhulu balo, oko kukuthi ngaphezu kancinane kwama-7000 engange. Oku kungabi ncam umzekelo umnyama yokuyibala umhlala ziya kuba ezifanelekileyo kwabo abemi abo ngenkuthalo wasebenza amaxesha Soviet. I-plus kuphela kukuqinisekisa ukuba xa sisebenza kwi yobudala yentlawulo pension zombini.

empini

Inkqubo yokumisela ubungakanani yomhlalaphantsi kolu didi kwabemi uneempawu zawo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngoko, ukuhlela ukuba ukubala njani umhlalaphantsi emkhosini, kufuneka wazi ukuba calculator yomhlala iya kuthathela ingqalelo yemida zilandelayo kule meko:

- Ubude nkonzo. Ubude yomsebenzi yabasebenzi kunefuthe elingqalileyo ubungakanani kweentlawulo. Kuphela ngenxa kwesi salathisi kwizibonelelo emali emkhosini kufuneka lenyuke nge-50%. Ngaphezu koko, unyaka ngamnye izisa ezingaxhaphakanga 3% yemali.

- Ukukhubazeka, elisuke laba ngenxa nasiphi na isifo. Kulo mzekelo, Isibonelelo unako ukufikelela 75%.

- Ukufumana ukukhubazeka ngoxa emkhosini Russian. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, inzuzo iyakuthi kwandiswa ukuya kwi-130%, kodwa oko kuya kuxhomekeka ntoni kubungakanani allowance iqela afunyenwe emva axilongwe.

Ukuthetha ukubala indlela Ministry umhlala-phantsi Interior, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Kwandile kwasekwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo emkhosini. Kubalulekile kwakhona isiseko yokubala iya kuba ubude wenkonzo. Ukunyusa umgangatho kweentlawulo iphenjelelwa yimiba ezifana umvuzo isikhundla ezizodwa kunye nesikhundla.

Hayi izinto ngamatyala IP

Ukuze ufanelekele umhlalaphantsi, oosomashishini ngamnye kufuneka babe namava engama-15. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba njengoko ixesha elimiselwe ngamaxesha apho iminikelo kwenziwa ukuba ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi, engaquki ngokwenene Akukhathaliseki nokuba wenziwe kwi imisebenzi zoshishino mzuzu osebenzayo okanye hayi.

Kule IP iza kubalwa ngobude maxesha efanayo, njengoko kunjalo kunye namanye abemi (Ndiwise umthetho, ngoxa emkhosini nokunyamekelwa abakhubazekileyo, njl ..).

Ngokuphathelele kwiindawo pension, baya kuba umhlala-phantsi kufuneka ubuncinane 30.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, lo gama lokujongana ukubala indlela umhlala-phantsi, unako ukuzoba kwisigqibo ilandelayo: urhulumente ejoliswe lokusekwa ubungakanani kwinjongo iintlawulo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo abemi. Le nto kule Ngokwefomyula yokubala langoku njengegalelo. Ngokumalunga ukubala sabo, ngoko ke indlela fastest ukwenza lo msebenzi - usebenzisa ikhaltyhuleyitha yomhlalaphantsi kwisiza PF.