Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter ye "dummies"? Indlela yokubiza umnxeba nge-multimeter

I-multimeter isixhobo sokulinganisa umbane, ofanayo nomlawuli wokuqingatha umgama, isitwwatch ngexesha kunye nesilinganiso esinzima. Ukwahluke kwaso kubangelwa into yokuba i-multifunctional, oko kukuthi, inokulinganisa ubungakanani obuhlukeneyo. Uninzi lwe-multimeters linomtshini ovumela ukuba ukhethe okufuneka ulinganise.

Isixhobo sendlela?

I-Multimeters iyakwazi ukulinganisa okwangoku, ukuxhatshazwa kunye neendleko, kunye nokubeka esweni ukuqhutyelwa kwesekethe, ukunika umqondiso kwimeko apho izinto ezimbini zixhunyiwe ngombane. Oku kuncedo, umzekelo, xa ufaka i-wiring ne-twisting okanye i-soldering wire. I-beep ibonisa ukuba kukho uxhumano, kwaye akukho nto inqanyuliweyo. Isixhobo singasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ukuxhuma kombane phakathi kwabaqhubi ababini. Oku kuya kunceda ukufumana isiphaluka esifutshane.

I-Multimeters ingavavanya idiode. Zifana ne-valve yendlela enye ehambayo yindlela enye kuphela. Abavelisi abahlukeneyo banokusetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo. Xa usebenzisa iidiodesi, ukuba akukho ntembeko ekubandakanyiwe kwisekethe, okanye ekusebenzeni kwayo, ukuqinisekiswa kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukuba umhloli-multimeter unomsebenzi, ukuze ufumane kakuhle indlela osebenza ngayo, funda umyalelo.

Amaxabiso angabizi ngakumbi, ngokomzekelo, hlola ukusebenza kunye nokulinganisa iimpawu zabaxhobi kunye nabaguquleli.

Ii-Aces zoMbane zobunjineli

Ulwazi malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter, kwi "dummies." Ukuchasana, i-voltage, ezikhoyo zikhoyo ziyimilinganiselo enokulinganiswa kwiinqununu ezichazwe ziimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, umgama ubonakaliswe kumamitha okanye ngesimboli m. Kwikhompyutheni yile:

1. I-voltage ibonisa amandla amakhetroni aqhutywe kwi-chain. Ixabiso elikhulu lilingana nokusebenzisa umgudu ongakumbi. Ukulinganisa kwi-volts (V).
2. Amandla akhoyo akhombisa ukuba mangaphi ama-electrons ahamba kunye nekholeji. Ixabiso eliphezulu lihambelana nokusetyenziswa kombane ophezulu. Ukulinganiswa ngama-amperes (A).
3. Ukuchasa kubonisa ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuba iifowuni zidlulise into ethile. Oku phezulu, kunzima kakhulu ukudlulisa okwangoku. Ichazwe kwi-ohms (Ω, omega).

Isimboli esichaza iyunithi yomlinganiselo ihluke kwi-variable kwi-equation. Ngokomzekelo, umthetho ka-Ohm uboniswa ngokuthi:

• U = IR, apho ndikhoyo-ngoku, u-U-voltage kunye no-R.

IiVolts, Amperes kunye ne-Ohms zichazwa nguV, A, Ω.

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter, ngokuba "i-dummies" kuya kuba luncedo ukuzisa unxibelelwano olulula. Okwangoku kufana nokuhamba kwamanzi kwipayipi. Ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu kuthetha okungoku. Uxinzelelo olwenza ukuhamba kwamanzi kukuxhatshazwa; Uxinzelelo oluphezulu "uphakamisa" amanzi amaninzi, ukwandisa okwangoku. Ukuchasana kufana nomqobo kumbhobho. Ngokomzekelo, ngokusebenzisa umbhobho ozele ngotye, amanzi aya kuhamba nobunzima. Ukuxhathisa kwayo kuya kuba mkhulu kuneleyo yepayipi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukutshintshana kunye nekhoyo ngoku

Olunye ulwazi olufuneka lufundwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-multimeter. Kuba "i-dummies" kuya kuba lunomdla ukufunda ukuba i- current current is moved in one direction. Umthombo wayo unokuba, umzekelo, ibhetri eqhelekileyo. Iimitha-mitha ezahlukeneyo zihluke ngokucacileyo umbane okhoyo kunye nokukhoyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yiyo i-DCV ne-DCA, okanye umgca ochanekileyo kwi-V no-A.

Ukutshintsha okwangoku kutshintsha utshintsho lwezandla ezininzi ngeesibini. Kwi-intanethi yekhaya, oku kwenzeka ngamaxesha angama-50 (kwi-US-60 ngamaxesha ngesibini). Kwiimitha-multimeters ezahlukeneyo, i-voltage alternating and current are shown in their own way. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-ACV ne-ACA, okanye umgca we-wav (~) kufuphi okanye ngaphezulu kweV kunye no-A.

Uxhumo olufanayo kunye neerari

Xa usebenzisa i-multimeter, kufuneka uqikelele umyalelo wokuxhunywa kwayo, okuxhomekeke kwinto ofuna ukuyikhetha. Kwisijikelezo sesiphaluka, okwangoku ijikeleza nganye kwizinto zayo zifana. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokulinganisa kwayo kubalulekile ukudibanisa isixhobo kwiinkalo. Kwisijikelezo esifanayo, ngalinye iqela linombane ofanayo. Ngoko ke, ukulinganisa, i-multimeter kufuneka ixhunywe ngokufanayo.

Ziyintoni intsingiselo kwipaneli yangaphambili?

Olunye ulwazi olufunekayo ukuba ukwazi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-multimeter. Ngokuba "ama-dummies" kuya kuba nzima ukuqonda iimpawu ezininzi kwipaneli yayo yangaphambili, ingakumbi ukuba akukho mibhalo. Musa ukukhathazeka. Ziye zimelelwe ngamacandelo okulinganisa V, A, Ω.

Uninzi lwe-multimeters zisebenzisa iimetri zeetrikthi eziziphatha ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo omlinganiselo wombane ngendlela efanayo nangomgama kunye nobukhulu. Umlinganiselo, umzekelo, iyunithi yokude, ikhilomitha ibe ngu-1000 m, kunye ne-millimeter ngu-1/1000 m. Kuyafana nakwiikhilogram, igrama kunye nee-milligram zebunzima. Iingqungquthela eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimitha-mitha:

• Μ (micro) = 10 ^-6 ;
• M (milli) = 10 ^-3 ;
• K (kilo) = 10 ³ ;
• M (mega) = 10 ⁶ .

Ezi zixhobo zetramriki zisetyenziselwa i-Amp, iVolt ne-Ohms. Umzekelo, i-200kΩ ibingamakhulu amabini kilogram, ehambelana nama-200,000 ohms.

Ukubeka imida

Ezinye iiltimeters zilungiswe ngokuzenzekelayo, ezinye zifuna ukulungiswa kwendlela yokulinganisa. Kwimeko yokugqibela, kufuneka uhlale ukhetha uluhlu olungaphantsi kwexabiso elindelekileyo. Kufana nomlawuli kunye nomlinganiselo wetekisi. Ukuba ufuna ukulinganisa into engama-60 cm ubude, umlawuli weentimitha ezingama-50 uya kuba mfutshane kakhulu, kwaye uya kufuneka usebenzise isilinganiselo somatshini.

Kuyafana nokusebenza kwi-multimeter. Mhlawumbi ufuna ukulinganisa umbane webhetri AA, ixabiso elindeleke ukuba libe yi-1.5 V. Kukho iindlela zokukhetha i-200 mV, ii-2 V, i-20 V, i-200 V, i-600 V. I-200 mV yincinci kakhulu, ixabiso eliphakamileyo elilandelayo le-2 V kufuneka likhethwe. Izinketho zikhulu kakhulu, ukhetho lwabo luya kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuchaneka (le ndlela yokusebenzisa iteksi yeemitha ezi-5 ngeesentimitha ezingama-millimeters).

Zithini ezinye iimpawu?

Iimpawu ezilandelayo zisoloko zisetyenziselwa kwizixhobo zokulinganisa:

1. Umgca wavy. Kufumaneka kufuphi neempawu zeV, A kunye kunye neziqulatho zeetrikiti. Ibonisa ukuhluka kobuninzi obulinganisiweyo.
2. Umgca oqinileyo, uchithe. Kufumaneka kufuphi okanye ngaphezulu kwe-V okanye i-A kwaye ibonisa umbane okhoyo okanye okhoyo.
3. Uchungechunge lweendibano ezifanayo. Isetyenziselwa ukujonga uxhumano lombane. Indlela yokubiza umnxeba nge-multimeter ichazwe ngezantsi.
4. AC, DC. Esikhundleni semigca, i-AC (AC) kunye ne DC (DC) echanekileyo ingasetyenziswa.
5. Unxantathu kunye nemigca elandelwe kuyo. Isetshenziselwa ukuvavanya idiode.

Khetha ukhetho

Yintoni ekumele ibe yi-multimeter efanelekileyo? Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi isenza sikwazi ukwahlula ezi zinto zilandelayo, okufuneka zihlawulwe kwindawo yokuqala:

• Iifowuni akufanele ziphule emva kokusebenzisa ezimbalwa;
• Ubukho bokuvalwa ngokuzenzekelayo;
• Indawo efanelekileyo yamaqhosha kunye nezixhumi;
• Ukukhethwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwinqanaba lokulinganisa;
• Usayizi weskrini weLCD owaneleyo;
• Iklasi yokuchaneka;
• Ranges of measurements.

I-Multimeter: Imiyalelo yokucima

Izixhobo zokulinganisa zithengiswa kunye neenombomvu ezibomvu kunye ezimnyama. Esinye isiphelo sidibaniswe kwi-multimeter, kunye neprobethi isetyenziswe ukuvavanya isiphaluka. I-dipstick ebomvu isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye umnyama usetyenziswa kwiimpawu ezimbi.

Nangona iingcingo zi-2 kuphela, zikhona ezinye iindawo zokuzixhuma, ezingabangela ukudideka. Indlela yokudibanisa ucingo ixhomekeke kwisifundo somlinganiselo kunye nomzekelo, ukwenzela ukucaciswa, bhekisa kwincwadi yomsebenzisi.

Uninzi lwama-multimeters lukhuselekile kwi-current enkulu ngumbutho otyunyiweyo kunye nowaphula isiphaluka. Oku kuya kuthintela isixhobo ukuba singasebenzi.

Ukuba unamathele uvavanyo lukhokelela kwinqanaba okanye kwicandelo leesekethe, ukubonakaliswa kwedijithali kuza kubonisa umphumo. Umtshini ubeka i-voltage, yangoku okanye ukumelana, kunye nemida yokulinganisa.

Ukuqulunqa ubungqina boqhagamshelwano

Indlela yokubiza umnxeba nge-multimeter? Kule nto ufuna:

• Faka ifoni ebomvu kwisixhobo Ω, kunye nomnxeba omnyama kwi-COM;
• Setha umtshini kwisimboli somsindo ngendlela yee-arcs ezifanayo;
• Uvavanyo lokuxhuma lukhokelela kumanqaku okuvavanya;
• I sixhobo siza kulila ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kweeprogram ezimbini zikhoyo (oko kukuthi, ukuchasana kusondele kwi-zero) kwaye kuya kuhlala buthule xa kungenjalo.

I-Multimeter: umyalelo wokulinganisa

Ingxaki ngabaxhatshali kukuba abavelisi bafuna abasebenzisi ukuba bakhumbule umbala obhalisa zabo iimpawu. Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa kakuhle i-multimeter ukucacisa ukuxhatshazwa:

• Faka ukuhlolwa okubomvu ukukhokelela kwisiseko se-Ω, kunye ne-probe emnyama kwi-COM;
• Ukudibanisa uvavanyo lukhokelela ekuthintaneni nabo;
• Khetha umda wokulinganisa ofunekayo;
• Funda ixabiso.

Ukuba izibane zakho zezibane 1, ngoko umda uncinci kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukusetha umtshini kwixabiso eliphakamileyo de ukufundwa okuchanekileyo kufumaneka. Ukuba ixabiso liseduze nantoni, ke umda uphezulu kakhulu. Kumele kuncitshiswe ukufumana uphawu olubalulekileyo. Ukuba ixabiso lise-0 kumda omncinci kuncinci, ukuxhatshazwa okulinganayo kunenani elixabisekileyo.

Ukuzimisela kwamandla

Ukulinganisa i-DC voltage, kufuneka:

• Faka ukuhlolwa okubomvu ukukhokelela kwisiseko seV, kunye ne-probe emnyama kwi-COM;
• Ukudibanisa uvavanyo olubomvu lukhokelela kwicala elihle lebhetri okanye isiphaluka, kwaye umnyama-ongenanto okanye emhlabathini;
• Hlela ukutshintsha komda kwisimo sokulinganisa i-DC yamandla endlu ekulindelekileyo;
• Funda i fowuni.

Kulo fowuni ecaleni kwezisekelo, ubukhulu becala obuvumelekayo kunye neerhasi ziboniswa. Ukuba ezi ngqiqo zingagcinwa, i-circuit multimeter isebenze.

Ukufumana umbane wokutshintsha, kufuneka ukhethe umda ofanelekileyo. Kule meko, umyalelo wokuxhuma ama-probes awunandaba.

Ukulinganisa kwangoku

• Faka ifowuni emnyama kumnxibelelwano we-COM.
• Faka ifowuni ebomvu kwisixhobo esihambelana nesiqingatha esilinganisiweyo. I-multimeter 832, umzekelo, inxibelelwano lwee-currents ukuya kwi-200 mA kunye no-20 A.
• Beka umtshintsho kumda kwisithuba se-DC sokulinganisa kwendawo ejoliswe kuyo.
• Funda ubungqina.

Iimfuno zokunciphisa uvavanyo olukhoyo ngoku ziboniswe kwifowuni kufuneka zigcinwe. Ngaphandle koko, i-fuse iya kuhamba xa isetyenziswe kuloluhlu lokulinganisa okanye isiphaluka se-multimeter singakonakaliswa.