Inkqubo excretory woMntu

Excretory (secretory) inkqubo yingqokelela lwemizimba eziqulathe ngaphandle ukhetho.

Le eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ephilayo luphawulwa bume rhoqo lwangaphakathi. Ngokukodwa, parameters zayo ziquka umxholo iyonke kunye nomlinganiselo amanzi imithamo izithuba, leyo ixhomekeke osmotic kunye noxinzelelo hydrostatic. Ukulondoloza rhoqo ezi parameters kufuneka ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye nokurhoxa kwezinto osmotic esebenzayo inqanaba lamanzi yokusebenzisa.

Umsebenzi kwenkqubo excretory ke inxenye imiphunga, iphecana zesisu nolusu yenziwe. Noko ke, amalungu engundoqo ukuphelisa le nezintso.

Inkqubo wokuchama ibandakanya amalungu ukuba enze umsebenzi kusekwe kwaye kukhuthaza nomchamo (amalungu wokuchama) kunye namalungu abandakanyeka yokuzala (esini). Omabini la maqela imizimba ezinxulumene nokubala morphologically. inkqubo excretory kuquka kwizintso, ureter, esinyini kunye urethra.

Izintso ibekwe kwindawo retroperitoneal kumacala omabini kumhlathi spinal. Ilungelo kidney usezantsi ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kubhaliwe ibekwe ngaphezu esibindini. Izintso enze umsebenzi kulwelo ukwakheka, leyo ngenxa uba lomchamo.

Isakhiwo kidney iquka inani elikhulu nephrons (tubules ezingcakacileyo kakhulu kwalula). In izithuba njengezingxobo nephrons i ukuhluza umchamo ephambili. Xa tubules zabo proximal kwalula ukuba bafakwe acid, iiproteins, calcium, iswekile, phosphorus ukusuka umchamo lokuqala. Kubume kidney iqulethe iinxalenye ngqo onodonga, badlula ngokwenzekayo, equka iinxalenye esihla, ukugoba kunye izabelo inyuka. Xa olunga- iinxalenye ukuhla iiseli caba iziporo ukufakwa kwamanzi yenzeka ngokwezahlulo ukwenyuka eyenziwe ekufumaneni amanzi kunye nokulahlekelwa sodium. Mfutshane distal linoxanduva lokukhetha phambili esiqwini fluid kesodiyam kwe umthamo omkhulu wamanzi.

Le tubules distal kwalula eyele bile ukuqokelela apho umchamo ingena isinqe sezintso (iziphelo okunene eyandisiweyo ureters). inkqubo excretory ovelisa umchamo ureters kwi esinyini, yaye ngakumbi - ngaphandle komzimba.

Le umnqweno ukuchama sikhatshwe ukucuthwa le musculature beendonga zangaphandle kunye engaphakathi sphincter nokuncipha izihlunu kwisinyi. Kukholelwa ukuba inkqubo excretory isebenza Ngesiqhelo, xa achame izihlandlo ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ngosuku ukuqokelelela athile umchamo kwi-mali ka-250-300 ml.

Izifo kwenkqubo excretory okunokubonakaliswa ziintlungu kummandla empontshwa, ukuyilwa nokudumba, utshintsho mali kunye nombala umchamo, ukuchama kabuhlungu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ubukho izifo Nedlac kunye oligosymptomatic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa isigulane wabalisa nesiyezi, ukozela, intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, yehle yokusebenza.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, izinto ezibangela izifo kwinkqubo wokuchama ke zizifo.

Pain of ngegalelo lazo kunye neqondo iimpawu kunxulumana ukuyilwa amatye okanye ithumba.

Normal ithathwa selubala, iindiza-yellow umbala umchamo. Xa izifo febrile umbala wayo kuba emdaka-omthubi kunye intlenga yezitena. Blood ibala umchamo asenokubonisa ukuba kukho amatye kwizintso, nangezilonda zezintso, kunye ukuhlukumezeka. Xa ufumana amayeza okanye iivithamini umchamo kwakhona ukutshintsha umbala wayo.

Identification Umchamo landa okubhalwe iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi asenokubonisa ukuba ubukho ukudumba kwi wezintso kwaye iphecana asezantsi womchamo.

ukuncipha okukhulu konyanzeliso parenchyma esebenzayo kudla ibandakanya ukusilela kwezintso. Ngelo xesha kutyhilwa ephule ebonakalayo ilahleko ezisisiseko okanye epheleleyo umsebenzi sezintso.