Isomers zezakhiwo - kukuba

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha isomers zezakhiwo, ingakumbi isakhiwo labo kunye neentlobo isomerism. Sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha ngxaki yokusetyenziswa isomerism, kwaye ziya kunikwa imizekelo ukusebenzisa kwabo ebomini.

Le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa isomerism

Isomerism - isiganeko esikhethekileyo, ikutshoyo ubukho kwemichiza. iikhompawundi, abo kakhulu - iikhompawundi isomer kunye sisincoko efana kunye namatye ngemolekyula-athom ukuba umahluko kwilungiselelo atom emajukujukwini okanye kubume, ekhokelela utshintsho kunye nokufunyanwa kwiipropati ezintsha, ezahlukeneyo. isomers zezakhiwo - kukho izinto benziwa ngenxa notshintsho indawo athom zabo isithuba, eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi ngokweenkcukacha ezinjalo.

Ethetha isomerism, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kukho inkqubo enjalo, njengoko isomerization, leyo yinkqubo utshintsho ukusuka isomer enye ukuya kwenye ngenxa umchiza. zinguquko.

iintlobo isomerism

Isomerism Valence - isakhiwo uhlobo isomer, apho inguqulelo isomers ngokwabo (enye ukuya kwenye) kunokwenzeka ngenxa ngokutsha neentambo Valence.

Isomerism imeko nohlobo olufanayo kwezinto carbon skeleton kodwa nokusebenza ezahlukeneyo indawo. Umzekelo okuphawuleka esiti 2- no-4-chlorobutane.

isomerism ezahlukeneyo uyafihla umahluko yayo phakathi isomers yobume maqela ezisebenzayo.

Metamerism - ukwabiwa kwezithuba athom carbon phakathi inani radicals carbon, heteroatom iimolekyuli ukhonza umahluli. Olu hlobo isomerism uphawu amine, thioalcohols, esters, ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo.

Isomerism carbon skeleton - uphikiswa athom indawo carbon, kwaye kanye-odolo zazo. Umzekelo: phenanthrene kunye anthracene babe indlela jikelele S14N10, kodwa uhlobo olwahlukileyo ngokutsha neentambo Valence.

isomers zezakhiwo

isomers zezakhiwo - ezi zizinto ukuba isakhiwo ezifanayo ambaxa olungumgubo, kodwa zahluke ifomula eziphilayo. isomers zezakhiwo - olu hlobo izinto, ezo zifana ncam nye zililo ubuninzi nobulunga, kodwa umyalelo ubuhlobo-atom (isakhiwo yemichiza) iye umahluko.

isomers zezakhiwo zihlelwe ngokohlobo isakhiwo ulwandiso, iintlobo ezo zinikwe ngentla apha kumhlathi phezu iintlobo isomerism.

formula lokwakheka isomer ubuncwane enoluhlu olubanzi zokuguqulwa. Eminye imizekelo isomerism kunokuba izinto ezifana butanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, imethyl propionate, dioxane, ethyl acetate, nikuda isopropyl kufuneka ukwakhiwa efanayo kuzo zontathu iintlobo-athom yabhalwa kwezinto, kodwa zahluke indawo athom kwi ezimbaxa.

Omnye umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi isomerism - lo ubukho pentane, neopentane kunye isopentane.

amagama isomers

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isomers zezakhiwo - ezi zizinto ukuba isakhiwo ezifanayo ambaxa olungumgubo, kodwa zahluke ifomula eziphilayo. iikhompawundi ezifana abe kudidi kufanekisela iimpawu iimpawu zazo, isakhiwo kunye nendawo athom kwi isomer molecule, umahluko mali amaqela ezisebenzayo Valence imixokelelwane, ubukho athom kukho into ethile iziyobisi, njl Amagama isomers zezakhiwo sifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo ka-3-methylbutanol 1 alkoholi abamele.

Kwimeko ye-alkoholi ekulungiseleleni alkoholi onke amagama iqala lunyulo chain carbon esoyisayo, iinombolo kuliwa, injongo - isabelo OH iqela le, amanani lincinci kunokwenzeka banikwe umyalelo. Igama ngokwawo baqale endaweni kunye kwitsheyini carbon, kulandele igama wesekethe omkhulu, waza wongezelela isimamva-Eshtawoli, kwaye amanani zibonisa atom carbon yesondo iqela OH.