Inkqubo yolawulo njengoluhlu kwishishini

Ulawulo Uluhlu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-nkqubo okhoyo lweshishini ulawulo-asethi zangoku. Eyona njongo ephambili - ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso gama ukunciphisa iindleko zizonke loya inkonzo zolondolozo. Kwaye oku abachaphazelekayo matshini. Isinceda kwinkqubo yolawulo njengoluhlu kwishishini.

ulwazi jikelele

Isitokhwe ziquka izinto nje kuphela izinto ezidingekayo ukuze inkqubo yemveliso, kodwa imveliso abakakulungeli kunye nempahla enakho ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuba ukulawula izwi labo. babelawula-inshorensi kufuneka kusoloko, ngokuba nokulatyuza yamaxesha kwimfuno yabathengi kunye nonikezelo ukuphazamiseka awuthunyelwanga irhoxisiwe. Kwaye konke oku kuba nefuthe elibi ngenxa yemali umsebenzi. Kakade ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba oku kunganxulunyaniswa koovimba, kodwa kwelinye icala - zibonelela uzinzo kunye nemali yokuhlawula amatyala yenkampani. Ukuba, ke, apho kuya kubakho kusilela, uya kuyeka nayo imveliso kunye nemiqulu yokuthengisa ziya kuwa, kodwa kusenokuba imeko kuya kufuneka ukuba bathenge inyanda izixhobo okanye izinto ngexabiso eqolo. Ngenxa yoko - inkampani akayi kufumana inzuzo kunokwenzeka. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba oovimba zihlawulelwa ulwelo, ukuncitshiswa zabo kukhokelela ekubeni ukuvuthuluka regulatory nesimo esikhoyo ngoku nkampani. Kodwa nantsi kuyimfuneko ukubambelela kwemin segolide. Umzekelo, oovimba kwemfuneko kungakhokelela ukuba iindleko ukwandisa ukugcinwa, kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule irhafu yezakhiwo. Unakho ukufumana ingeniso ngaphantsi okunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba izibonelelo zemali ziya engumkhenkce kwi okubonakalayo. Ukongeza asifanele, akabandulula ingqalelo nokuba zixhomekeke iphelelwe kunye ukwehla emzimbeni.

lisondela

Ethetha ulawulo lwempahla, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba phambi kokuba isiqalelo yokulawula ukhetho izicwangciso ezintathu lomsebenzi malunga nokumiselwa koovimba. Ahluke amazinga ahlukeneyo inzuzo kunye nobungozi:

1. ndlela. Kulo kugxininiswa ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezikhoyo ukwenzela izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso semi-ndigqibile kuphela. Kwakhona sibonelela indalo loovimba enkulu xa yonikezelo ukuphazamiseka, ukonakala kweendlela iimeko apho iimveliso bagqibileyo, kukho ukulibaziseka kule ingqokelela kokufunyenweyo, iyazingenela kwesidingo kubathengi. Esebenzisa le ndlela, nefuthe elibi kumgangatho inzuzo kunye ezakhayo - ze ngeengozi.
2. indlela Moderate. Ubonelela indalo loovimba ngenxa iziphene zixhaphakileyo enokuthi yenzeke ngexesha ukusebenza ishishini. Ukubala kulo mzekelo zisekelwe kwidatha esuka kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ama-avareji izinga inzuzo kunye nobungozi.
3. indlela engqongqo. Kulo mzekelo, enikelweyo inqanaba elincinane esitokisini (nangona ndingekhoyo ngokupheleleyo). Ukuba, ngethuba lokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza akayi kuba ukungaphumeleli, inkampani uya kufumana iziphumo ezincumisayo wemfezeko. Kodwa xa kuvela iingxaki, inkampani uthwala ilahleko enkulu yemali. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ukufumana ingeniso kakhulu, kodwa ke kukho umngcipheko omkhulu welahleko.

Management Model: izinto

Konke oko ngaphambili - uqeqesho theoretical component. Ngoku ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwabayili kwishishini ziya kuqwalaselwa. Kuba oku, kufuneka siqwalasele izinto ezininzi:

1. Iimeko phantsi wayeyithenge isitokhwe (umthamo yobonelelo, nezihlandlo odolo, iinzuzo kunye nezaphulelo).
2. Iimpawu kwentengiso kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo (nemeko imfuno, ukuthembeka kunye nothungelwano umthengisi nophuhliso, utshintsho kwinqanaba yentengiso).
3. bokuqonda uphawu inkqubo yemveliso (ingakumbi ukudalwa kweteknoloji, ubude uqeqesho kunye nenkxaso ngqo zemveliso).
4. Iindleko ngexesha yokugcina istokhwe (ukuqanda kwemali, ithuba umonakalo, iindleko zokugcina) ezivelayo.

uluhlu inkqubo yolawulo apho isityalo kwakhiwa kwiindlela ezininzi instantiated. Ngamnye kubo iimpawu zayo ezithile.

model Wilson kaThixo

Used lolawulo uluhlu kwinkqubo yonikezelo iye elungiselelwe inani. Ingasetyenziswa ukuphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo: Yintoni isitokhwe kufuneka ibe; kangakanani yaye izinto eziyimfune- ngeyunithi ixesha nganye; ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo ubonelelo. Ukongeza kwezi kunye neminye imiqathango kucingwa ukuba isonjululwe. Ngokutsho imodeli Wilson kunokuba izixhobo zemathematika ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani unomdla kwinto yokuba izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso zinoku-odolwa njengoko inani elikhulu. Kwimeko enjalo uya kuthi kuncitshiswe inkcitho iindleko zokuhamba, ubhaliso njalo njalo. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ngqo ingeniso lweshishini. kwakhona ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ubuncinane kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo izinga loovimba, nto leyo eya kukuphepha iindleko zokusebenza ephakamileyo eziphezu yokugcina izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo. Yintoni i parameters benkqubo yolawulo uluhlu kule meko? Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo eli model, kufuneka wazi:

1. Ukuba inokusetyenziswa kuphela olunye uhlobo kwempahla. Ngaphezu koko, imali yayo kufuneka rhoqo kulinganiswa.
2. Inqanaba kwemfuneko imveliso ethile, leyo rhoqo ngexesha.
3. Production oluqhutywa ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo.
4. Imiyalelo kuza ukunikezelwa eyahlukileyo, obuquka iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
5. Iindleko uluhlu kwenzeka rhoqo.
6. iindleko ngenqanawe kunye nomyalelo rhoqo (okanye ufuna ukubonisa inani). Kwaye kule meko libhekisela ezothutho, zokusebenza nezinye iindleko.
7. amatyala malunga nokusiwa kwee ezongezelelweyo impahla kunye nezaphulelo azithathwa-odolo phezulu umthamo.

Oko esetyenziswa practice?

Zeziphi iinkqubo zolawulo inventri ezinkulu zisetyenziswa? Ziintoni iimpawu zabo? Makhe sijonge umzekelo. Kwaye njengoko uvavanyo into iya kwenza ulawulo koovimba ABC. Oku kusekelwe kuhlalutyo volume-iindleko, nto leyo esahlula zonke iintlobo esitokisini kumaqela athile ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani nokufezekisa inzuzo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usenokufumanisa ukuba 70-80% yazo zonke ukuwa Iintengo 10-20% iimpahla. Eli Pareto siseko ngezenzo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, inkqubo yolawulo inventory inikeza ukuba baqwalasele imveliso zibalulekileyo kunye nempahla, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ukuphatha kwabo, ukuba bachithe imali engaphezulu kwi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kangako. Phakathi inkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu iindleko, umthamo kunye nezihlandlo ngesifo sephepha, imiphumo yokunqongophala kwemithombo yendalo ezithile kunye like. Le okuhlamba oluqhutywa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele kubo.

iindidi Classification ABC inkqubo

Xa zizonke, kukho izinto ezintathu:

1. Udidi A. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo izabelo abe kwedatha elide kakhulu eninzi. Zifuna esweni rhoqo, njengoko kwimeko yokungabikho ziya kuba nemiphumo emibi zemali. Ukuze ubone xa elilelona kufuneka baphume kungeniswa zabo, sebenzisa imodeli Wilson ezichazwe ngasentla. Ezithile izinto eziphathekayo, zifumaneka ngokubanzi ambalwa kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukubekwa esweni qho ngeveki.
2. Udidi B. Oku kuquka izinto eziphathekayo ekuqinisekiseni ekuqhubekekeni zenkqubo zokusebenza ukuyilwa eziphumo zokuphela konyaka-mali. Njengoko umthetho, ezo zabelo kula maqela ukulawula ixesha 1 kuphela ngenyanga nganye.
3. Udidi C. Inkqubo yolawulo -inventri ABC Oku kuquka zonke uluhlu lwempahla ephantsi-iindleko kwaye musa ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni isiphumo sokugqibela zemali. Umthamo ukuthenga kulo mzekelo mkhulu kakhulu. Control intshukumo isitokhwe kuliwa, njengokuba umthetho, hayi kaninzi ngaphezu kanye ngekota nganye.

Valuation ezikhona

Ukuziqhelisa, ingasetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo ukulungiselela le njongo:

1. LIFO. Kulo mzekelo, egudise ifuthe lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, xa ingeniso yenziwe. Le ndlela efanelekileyo kwimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuba uvavanyo kwinjongo isiphumo. Icala HIV kukuba kukuvumela ukuba ukunciphisa ubungakanani ixabiso kwerhafu yepropathi.
2. FIFO. A nemiphumo emihle amatyala, kunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyuka ingeniso.

Ngamafuphi

Yintoni inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla? Le isethi epheleleyo amanyathelo, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ukudala niwuzalise esitokisini, kwakunye ukumisa eqhubekayo esweni kunye nesicwangciso yokusebenza ye zihanjiswe. Indima enkulu idlalwa ingxelo, kodwa kunoko indlela iyaphunyezwa. Iziphumo ezingcono - oku xa abameli unit wolawulo uyakwazi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukwenza izigqibo baze baluphumeze. Kuba le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi matshini. Ukuba achaze lesixhobo ukusebenza kunye nemodeli izintlu ezintathu.

ukuqaliswa

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ulwazi malunga nenkqubo yolawulo-inventri yestokhwe izinto esakhiwe iinkqubo zokugcina kunye zolwazi. Enkosi kubo, ungafumana lonke ulwazi nokuhamba izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso semi-agqitywa, kwakunye nengcaciso kwi ukulayisha okanye ukuthunyelwa into. Inqanaba lesibini kwenkqubo amiliswe eyahlukeneyo iimodeli zolawulo inventri yesikolo. Basebenzisa lonke isixhobo zemathematika kuyimfuneko ekuvumela ukuba ukuhlola imeko yangoku ezitokisini ukuphuhlisa neengcebiso malunga nolawulo olusebenzayo. Inqanaba lesithathu kusetyenziswa imodeli ulawulo lwemali, ngokunjalo imida eziqulathwe ngohlobo software ezikuvumela ukuba esweni imeko yemali esitokisini. Kulo mzekelo, eliqikelelwayo iindleko-ukusebenza izigqibo, ukuchaza imithombo yokuthenga izinto eziza kusetyenzwa ekrwada. Ukongeza, le modeli iye isicwangciso sokulawulwa uluhlu-mali lulonke. Ubukho ukuphunyezwa software kunye matshini uyakwazi ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa izinga ngempumelelo yaye ekugqibeleni asindise ngobume lwabasebenzi noqoqosho.

ubungcono

Ngenkuthalo kuphakamisa umbuzo: yintoni enokwenziwa ukuphucula inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla? Okokuqala kufuneka ukuba siqinisekise ukuba ulwazi ekunene luyafumaneka nangaliphi na ixesha. Le uncedo olukhulu babe ngelifu. Baya kubonelela lwedata nakweyiphi indawo zengqukuva - kuba nje intanethi. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zolawulo inventory ezininzi oluphambili kuba algorithm ukubala iindleko izinto ekrwada. Ngoko ke, abanokuwanika Ingxelo ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye nezindululo, xa kuyimfuneko nizalise emithini. Kulo mzekelo, indima ngayinye kuphela odolwa umkhondo nokusebenza eqhelekileyo le nkqubo.

ukudala KOM

Masithi, idala inkqubo yolawulo ezenzekelayo. Kulo mzekelo, i algorithm iya kuba zibalulekile ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. umthamo Production.
2. Ubukhulu efunekayo woovimba ngenxa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza lweshishini.
3. Umthamo imveliso leyo yenziweyo ixesha elithile (ezi mini, veki, ngenyanga). Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokuba lungafundwa kwisisekelo sonyaka.
4. inqanaba Uluhlu ngexesha inkqubo ngenaliti kulo msebenzi.
5. Nezihlandlo zihanjiswe.

MRP

Oku kwakhona inkqubo yolawulo inventri yesikolo. Sikugqala njengendlela eyenye ABC ekhankanywe ngaphambili. Kukho izilungiselelo ezimbini: MRP-1 kunye MRP-2. Eyokuqala luyasetyenzwa ulwazi malunga kukuliphi, intshukumo kunye inventri kwemali. Kufakwe isicwangciso ngokumpontshwa kunye nolawulo isikhundla ngamnye. Ukusombulula ingxaki ulawulo, kukho ifayili eyodwa umyalelo, equlethe zonke iinkcukacha. MRP-2 uluhlu kakuhle olubanzi lwemisebenzi eyenziwa. Kulo wawuquka ucwangciso mveliso zemali, kwakunye nemisebenzi logistics. Uhlalutyo kwenkqubo yolawulo inventory ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi apho, yintoni nokuba kangakanani ukuba badle.

isiphelo

inkqubo yolawulo uluhlu kuyimfuneko ukuba wonke ishishini uceba ixesha elide ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Emva koko, ikuvumela ukulawula umsebenzi nizalise oovimba. A indima ebalulekileyo njengento noshowo lokudlala esizisebenzelayo. Kukhuselekile ukuba bathi ngcembe uya kuphucula, kwaye kwixesha elizayo siya kuba nako ukubona isakhiwo lwamashishini inkqubo yakuma wedwa, efuna nje ukuba amise. Ukwenza imisebenzi Angaba ngumnini.