TVEL - Uhlalutyo olunzulu le ...

Eli nqaku isixelela oko TVEL, kuba yintoni na, apho kusebenzayo oku, ukudala njani kwaye ingaba zamandla awusebenzisi TVEL.

era atomic

Mhlawumbi isebe omncinane amandla enyukliya. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukujongana inxalenye nesibakala sokuba le imisebe, ukubola radioactive yaye zeziphi izinto ezo propati. Kwaye abaninzi aba ulwazi ezixabisa ebomini, njengoko ifuthe ezigqugqisileyo radiation kwi eziphilayo ixesha elide wahlala ayaziwa.

Kamva, radioactive materials ziye zasetyenziswa kokubini ebomini umphakathi emkhosini. Okwangoku onke amazwe aphuhlileyo kufuneka ezawo izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezityalo namandla enyukliya, leyo zinika isixa esikhulu amandla nokuba amafutha eziphili zamandulo okanye izibonelelo zendalo ezifana namanzi (sithetha ephehla ugesi ngamanzi).

TVEL - a ...

Kodwa ukuze kwakhiwe reactor yenyukliya kwisizukulwana umbane okanye ezinye iinjongo, kufuneka kuqala enze amafutha kufanelekile, ngokuba uranium yendalo radioactive, nangona, kodwa amandla ayo akwanelanga. Ngenxa iintlobo ezininzi zamandla usebenzisa amafutha esekelwe uranium aphuculweyo, kwaye, yena, zilayishwa isixhobo eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba TVEL. TVEL - isixhobo nezikhethekileyo yinxalenye reactor yenyukliya kwaye iqulethe amafutha enyukliya. labo nohlobo amafutha sihlalutya zolwimi ngokunzulu.

design

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo izinto amafutha reactor, ezinye parameters zisenokwahluka, kodwa design jikelele lesixhobo kunye efanayo. Ukuthetha nje, le TVEL - ityhubhu umngxuma ezenziwe intsila zirconium kunye nabanye ngesinyithi, apho zifakelwe iingqalutye kukudla uranium dioxide.

fuel

Uranium sesona "aphilileyo 'umbandela radioactive, ngenxa yayo uvelisa nobuninzi kwezinye izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezisetyenziswayo kokubini kushishino kunye nezixhobo. Ukufumana izembiwa eyahluke kancinane ukusuka amalahle kwemigodi, kunye nemeko zendalo, yendalo, kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ngabantu. Ngoko ke amabali malunga imigodi uranium, apho asekuthinjweni ubomi wagwetywa amabanjwa, ngaphezu akukho nje yasentsomini. Le ndoda wayeza kufa ngenxa yokungabikho kwelanga kunye yomsebenzi onzima am ngaphezu ekuguleni kwimitha.

uranium geni ilula kakhulu - kuqhuma smash iliwa, kwaye ke ukuba ithe yanikezelwa umphezulu, apho ukuhlela kunye kuqhutyelwe phambili. Inkqubo zophuculo uranium kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa eRashiya kwenziwa ngoncedo centrifuges igesi. uranium wokuqala atshintshelwe urhulumente sukube, ebezikuyo igesi icentrifuge phantsi kwempembelelo amandla centrifugal abazahlulayo kwaye izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezinqwenelekayo bahlukane. Emva koko, eziguqulelwe kwi uranium dioxide licinezelwe zibe zithutha kunye zithwele zibe ngamasuntswana amafutha. Le yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo ukuvelisa kukudla izinto zokubasa.

isicelo

Inani kwizinti amafutha kwi reactor kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, uhlobo kunye nesikhundla. Emva yezandla zilayishwe kwi-reactor, apho iqala ukuba ivuze yenyukliya ngokucandeka reaction, nto leyo kwenzeka ngenxa ukhetho enamandla izixa kakhulu ubushushu, nosebenza njengomthombo wamandla. amandla reactor nako ukulawula ubungakanani izinto amafutha kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha njengoko kufakwe kwindlela yokusebenza entsha, kunye zithutha 'afreshi' of uranium dioxide. Ngoku siyazi ukuba kuthetha ntoni na TVEL nanjengokuba zenziwe kwaye kufuneka babe. Noko ke, asingabo bonke reactor zenyukliya edinga kwezi zinto, kwaye RTGS.

RTG

Le radioisotope generator thermoelectric - sisixhobo ukuba efanayo mgaqo reactor zenyukliya, kodwa nkqubo isekelwe phezu athom ukubola chain reaction, kunye thermal. Ngamafutshane, ukuba kukho isicwangciso enkulu, nto leyo uvelisa kakhulu ubushushu yi-Radioactive leyo, nayo, iguqulelwa ngqo umbane. Ngokungafaniyo enyukliya zamandla RTGS akukho ezihambayo, zithembekile ngakumbi, compact kunye ixesha elide. Kodwa babe ukusebenza asezantsi kakhulu.

Sasihamba ngazo kakhulu kwezo meko apho akunakwenzeka ukufumana amandla ngezinye iindlela okanye iindlela ezi kunzima kakhulu. Ngexesha RTGS Soviet uphando enikeziwe isikhululo zemozulu eFar North, iinqanawa elunxwemeni, buoys ulwandle, njl .. N.

Okwangoku, bona ndidiniwe, kodwa ezinye zazo zisekho endaweni ikhaya lokuqala kwaye kaninzi kukhuseleka. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ingozi, umzekelo, eziliqela izakhiwo ezinjalo nge metal non-ayoni azame ukuyiqonda kwaye ndizuze zokukhanya eyomeleleyo, yaye Georgia abantu kwabo njengomthombo nobushushu nemikhuhlane kwemitha nazo ubunzima.

Ngoko ke siyazi iyunithi lweziqalelo amafutha kunye ukuqonda yabo. TVEL zizigaba ezibalulekileyo ze-reactor, leyo abangakwaziyo ukusebenza ngaphandle.