Inqaku Pisarev "Bazaar": isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo

Umlinganiswa ophambili yenoveli "Ooyise and Sons" yi Turgenev umgxeki Pisarev akubona oko yena ngokwakhe wayenako engqondweni. Olu hlobo sazo efanelekileyo yakhe. Inqaku Pisarev "Bazaar", isishwankathelo leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, yapapashwa ngoMatshi 1862. Umbhali uchaza kunye neenkcukacha uhlobo hero yenoveli. Wabeka bakhe ukuzingca provozglasitelem kunye self-enkululekweni ngamnye. Pisarev waza wahlabela mgama ukubhala malunga Bazarov. Ngowe-1864, kwinqaku "njengokuba zinjalo", uveza ukuba iqhawe ukusuka kwimizuzu yokuqala bembonakalo yayo kwinoveli waba ekuthanda. Kwaye ngoko ixesha elide wakugcina ukuba bahlale.

Inqaku Pisarev "Bazaar": Isishwankathelo ngu isahluko

Pisarev wabhala kwisahluko sokuqala, ukuba Bazarov ungayamkeli nayiphi na igunya, alawulayo, akukho nemithetho kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha, ngenxa yokuba ehleli kukodwa: njengoko konke okusemandleni, uyazi into oyifunayo ngaphandle buso bamntu.

Umbhali wabonisa ukuba Bazarov wambeka yena ngaphezu kwinginginya isihlwele. Wazama okusemandleni akhe ukuba kude kubo yaye akafuni ukuba ubuncinane into efanayo kubo.

Abantu abafana Bazarov ngokwenene ukuziphatha kakhulu kunene, maxa wambi luyayidelela kunye bengenakoyika. Isimilo sayo esibonakaliswa ngezenzo, imikhwa kunye nendlela yokuphila. Abantu abanjalo lizimisele akanamdla ekuphumeni apho kubo, nokuba abantu baya kuthabatha kuluntu lwabo. Ngaphambi koko, andikhathali.

Inqaku Pisarev "Bazaar": Umxholo nocazululo

Bazarovs ezele kubomi babo kwaye andifuni ukuvumela nabani na kulo. Kodwa siza kuqhubeka ukuze baphuhle ngakumbi umxholo, cinga into enye usixelela Pisarev inqaku "Bazarov". A isishwankathelo imisebenzi iingongoma ukugxekwa edumileyo yokuba ekuqaleni, mhlawumbi, umlinganiswa ophambili yayichwayitile kakhulu bazithembe yaye bekhululekile, kodwa ke, njengoko kubonisiwe ixesha, ababanga nako ukufumana Sonwabile ngokwakhe, yena ngendlela ezabo, ngaphandle ukuba i "ubomi embilwini."

Pisarev ubhala ukuba Bazarov nemigaqo yakhe kunye nezimvo sihleli apha ehlabathini akulunganga kangaka. Ngapha koko, apho kungekho msebenzi, akukho uthando, akukholiswanga ngawo. Ntoni ngoko? Lo mbuzo Pisarev, abangazange ukwabelana iimbono mbuso, sinika impendulo umdla. Lowo ubhala athi kule meko kuyafuneka ukuba "ukuphila ixesha elide kangangoko ebomini, ukuba akukho ose yenkomo, udle isonka esomileyo, ndiye kuba ngabafazi, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba umthande umfazi." Ngokubanzi, musa baphupha into efana kwemithi-orenji kunye neentende, kunye nomxholo sengqiqweni kunye zicima ikhephu kumathafa abandayo, engafuni ngaphezulu.

Yintoni ukwenza ntoni?

Pisarev inqaku emfutshane "Bazarov" uthi umgxeki ngokwakhe wazi kakuhle ukuba onke amalungu isizukulwana esitsha namhlanje ngayo iimbono kunye neminqweno yabo ngokupheleleyo ungabona ngokuchanekileyo ngomfanekiso iqhawe Turgenev ngokwakhe. Le nto ke ayithethi nje. In Bazarov akwazi ukufumana wena kunye nabo balandela Pisarev. Kodwa ke abo balandela inkokeli enjalo bomzabalazo, ezifana Chernyshevsky, kwenzeke. Baya Bazarov wayeza ziye Osisithethi iingcamango, kodwa kwakhona. Eyona nto kukuba idemokrasi olululo ebantwini kunye nendlela umzabalazo wezopolitiko ekhangelene ngokupheleleyo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukugxekwa "Contemporary" akathandanga kakhulu gqitha kwaye inoveli "Ooyise and Sons", kunye nentsingiselo yomfanekiso Pisarev Bazarov hero. Ezo imifanekiso, ezihlonipha ngokwam idemokhrasi ngoko-mbuso, baba kwinoveli Chernyshevskogo "Yintoni ntoni?". Le yimpendulo kulo mbuzo engundoqo enikwe kulo msebenzi, eyahlukileyo kuleyo zifundiswa ekupheleni isihloko sakhe Pisarev. Ngapha koko, umhlalutyi yaye kamva oluninzi ingqalelo Bazarov kwezinye amanqaku: "njengokuba zinjalo" (1864), "Abasebenzi yokucinga" (1865), "Makhe sibone!" (1865).

Ukongeza yonke umbandela linikwa inqaku Pisarev "Bazarov" isishwankathelo oko ngakumbi liyaqhubeka ukuba bacinge malunga ukubonakala yoluntu elitsha labantu okukhulu forgivable noluqondakalayo.

abantu ezintsha

Pisarev Bazarov ibalisa indlela uhlobo olutsha lomntu, kodwa iyinyaniso, ngoko, ekuhambeni kwexesha, utoliko yayisele iqalile ukutshintsha ngokungqinelana neenguqu izimvo zoluntu nezopolitiko nombhali. Kwinqaku "njengokuba zinjalo" waba Bazarov eyahlukileyo iqwalasela ukuzingca. Uthi ukuba zinjalo loo nyhweba ubomi "ingcamango tlakukeke isisikhokelo." Yena kunika amandla enkulu ekulweni. yokuzingca baye "yokubala personal" zabo akuthinteli umzabalazo wabo iinjongo eziphakamileyo. Baye ke ngelo xesha ukutshabalala yentlupheko yabasebenzi. A umgxeki ubhale nokuba le ukuzingca kwaye ufumana ngokwanelisa imisebenzi ekhokelela ekuzalisekeni iinjongo.

Eli nqaku iqukumbela "Bazaar" Pisarev kaThixo? Ushwankathe- iyamxelela ukuba Turgenev wayengekho novelwano kakhulu iqhawe. Uhlobo ababuthathaka onothando iingqayi zayo yaye utye ngokoqobo kunye entle ubuhle ingqiqo kucaphukisa ngokubonakala nakancinane ukugxeka. Ayibonisi ukuba indlela awayephila ngayo, umbhali ngokucacileyo sinika umfanekiso ngayo ubuntu bakhe afe. Oku kwanele ukuqonda indlela nzima lo mntu anayo. Noko ke, ngelishwa, ayizange ukufumana isicelo sayo ubomi luncedo kwaye enesidima.