Intanda-Non-classical

intanda-Non-classical - ingqokelela iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, izikolo, iikhonsepthi eziye zavela ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Lo bulumko sibonisa iinguqu ezinkulu eluntwini, leyo yathotyelwa Western Yurophu ngelo xesha. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba French Revolution ka1789, leyo otshayayo ezingqondweni zabantu kuqala. imfazwe Civil nobugrogrisi ziye zakhokelela iinkcuba ezininzi ixesha lokucinga amathuba yenzululwazi kunye nesizathu. zefilosofi ezithile, ezifana Nietzsche kunye Schopenhauer, baqala ukuthetha malunga ubumbaxa kwenkqubela, le irrationality imbali kunye kwezinto inyaniso.

Le kwinkulungwane yama-20 wamiswa ngumntu nje impumelelo enkulu inzululwazi nobugcisa, kodwa inani yeenguqu, iimfazwe, kwawa kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali, ukuyilwa nokudilizwa kwenkqubo yali kunye ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu iingxaki zehlabathi ukuba ukuthandabuza ubukho uhlanga lwabantu.

Imfazwe wabonisa ukuba ulwazi lwezenzululwazi ingasetyenziswa kunokuba nobungozi boluntu, nayo leyo negalelo zokwazisela lwamaxabiso ezininzi zenkcubeko. Kwakukho revolution ebizwa ngokuba ezingqondweni zabantu, nto leyo ebe negalelo ekuveleni ubuchwepheshe be-computer kunye namajelo eendaba, kwakunye uvale omkhulu kwinzululwazi. Ngoko ke wazalwa-bulumko non-yamandulo.

Zonke ezi nkqubo kunokubangela i ukunxaxha imbono ezaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini. Izazinzulu ezininzi kunye iinkcuba Ndiziphononongile ingxaki intsingiselo yobomi bomntu, itshintshe isimo sabo sengqondo ngenkolo nokufa. Philosophy waqala ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwabakho inguqu ukusuka endala ukuya amaxabiso amatsha. Kwindawo yokuqala sijamelene ezintsha iingxaki nezisombululo zazo. ifilosofi rationalism eshenxela ngemvelaphi endaweni phantse ngokupheleleyo. Iinkcuba yexesha waqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi ukuba ukho umntu inkululeko yakhe.

intanda-Non-classical yahlulwe kwiinkqubo eziliqela, ezo ezijoliswe a zokwazisela ngokupheleleyo bulumko yamandulo :

1. inkqubo Socio-ezibalulekileyo wanikel 'ingqalelo utshintsho oluntu. Oku kuquka imisebenzi efana post-Marxism kunye Marxism.
2. irrationality yentanda (isithethe irrationalistic). Abaxhasi lo mkhwa ukuze kuchazwe loo manani enkulu Schopenhauer, F.Nitsshe kunye S. Kierkegaard.
3. inkqubo kohlaziyo, nto leyo kuhlaziywe ephambili zenzululwazi lale kunye namanani ezahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya imisebenzi efana bulumko zicazulule, ebambekayo, positivism, postpositivism.
4. inkqubo ekuphileni-yemvelaphi. Oku kuquka ebomini, psychoanalysis, phenomenology kunye hermeneutics.

Inkqubo sokonakalisa iimodeli wezinto bulumko kwenzeka nxamnye kwimvelaphi utshintsho olukhulu kwinkcubeko kunye noluntu. Society yahlulwe 2; Enye imizabalazo phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nezinye abaphikisa kuyo. Ngaloo ndlela odala imibutho emibini, kukho imbono ezahlukeneyo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa - scientism kunye antiscientism.

Abameli scientism sabona inkqubela yenzululwazi njengoko ixabiso liphezulu, yaye antistsientisty kubonakala kwinzululwazi amandla embi okubeka lonke uluntu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inzululwazi akukho ndlela kuphela yokwazi ihlabathi, nangona kucingwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto, mhlawumbi, zobulumko ezininzi zizama kwakhona ukuqonda iimfundiso eMpuma bafumane intsingiselo efihlakeleyo iicawa kwakudala.

-Bulumko non-classical mihla - yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo kwisigaba kuphuhliso lonke uluntu. Ingaba ibunjiwe ezintsha izinto zokomoya ukuvela bulumko elitsha imigaqo yokuziphatha.