I-sobulumko Danish Kerkegor hamid: A Biography, iifoto

Ngubani na hamid Kerkegor? Eyokuqala umntu ogama lakhe kubo bonke, kodwa bambalwa abayaziyo into idume. Amaxesha amaninzi efuna ibonakale ngcono, ofundileyo ngakumbi, abantu abanolwazi ngaphezu kunjalo okwenyaniso, abantu abaselula ekubhekiselelwe ifani yakhe, engaqondi ukuba ukuthini. Ingakumbi xa oku ifani zomlomo okanye abhalwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoko ke ngubani na ngokwenene?

Biography. ubomi Early.

Hamid Kerkegor (owazalwa Meyi 5, 1813) wazalelwa eCopenhagen (Denmark) kusapho yamahlwempu. Waye mncinane entsatsheni yaye kamva umntwana kuyise. Abazali bakhe bakhathazekile malunga amahla zoqoqosho ndinyuka, kwaye ngexesha lokuhamba ukuya kwenye ihlabathi, hayi anqunyulwe ilifa inzala yabo. Le ntsapho unqulo nabo bonke abantwana wabangenisa baba kunqulo kunye nothando lukaThixo.

Kwiminyaka 17, Kerkegor hamid uya eyunivesithi ukufunda yezenkolo, intanda kwengqondo. Iminyaka esibhozo, yena singena nanjengesivuthevuthe mad iziganeko ezinxulumene ebomini umfundi. Ngowe-1838, kukho utshintsho esikhawulezileyo nombono, kunye abazithandayo ninganqeni, ningabi nomdla sobulumko elizayo. Hamid Kerkegor, ifoto ogama wathimba lo mzuzu nje zokwazisela iinqobo ukuba babekwa ebuntwaneni bakhe, ijika litshintsha umbono walo ihlabathi. Ngokukodwa, wagxeka ukholo kuThixo nokungafi komphefumlo. Ukuze ufumane iindlela ezintsha ukuqonda ubuKatolika, Kerkegor hamid wagqiba ekubeni babuyele izakhelo kwaye kwakhona yokufunda-iBhayibhile nentanda-bulumko yamaGrike.

Uqeqeshelwa ukuba ngumntu omdala

uphando lakhe nasiqhamo sithile naphakathi kwiminyaka emibini - isihloko lomviwa of Sciences yenkolo. Ngaxeshanye olu tshintsho, kwaye isikhundla ekuhlaleni yabafana, yena useleganelwe intombi yam kwaye ilungiselela ukuze ndiye kuba kumfundisi. Kerkegor hamid kugudiswa ukufana basebenza ithisisi ukuze isidanga master xa bulumko, apho wakhonza njengesiseko bakhe dialectics Hegel kaThixo kunye nezimvo ngokubanzi yoHlaziyo, sijongwe ngokwembono isigqebelo kunye neemfundiso kaSocrates.

zihlikihlana Intsapho isityhilelo yentanda

Ngowe-1841, enethemba lokuba nosapho-sobulumko, njengokuba awukwazi ukufumana ngokwakhe, ukuba uthandabuze iinkolelo zonqulo zakhe waza wagqiba ukuthi umthwalo kuphela ukuba umtshakazi wakhe. Le ndibano ezaphukileyo, kodwa bala. Ukuphepha scandal, lo mfana waya Berlin. Ngokusekelwe zabo neemvakalelo, wabhala isincoko yentanda "mhlawumbi-okanye", nto leyo iphakamisa imibuzo yeenqobo ezisesikweni kunye bayo. Kodwa ngumvakalisi ngo-1843 kuza phantsi elabo kunokuba igama lokwenyani - hamid Kerkegor. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe eJamani, inceda abantu kakulu, kodwa malini ukuba abuyele njenge intlanganiso ithuba kunye umthandi wangaphambili, esibanekile owayesakuba kunokutshiseka kwakhona. Kodwa emva kwexesha elifutshane, le ndoda kwakhona ngokulambisa ukuba eBerlin kwaye ipapashe kanye ngqangi ezimbini ezintsha, allegorically ndibalisa uthando lwakhe. Lo mzuzu xa waqala ukuthatha imilo Serena Kerkegora bulumko. Kodwa phambi kokuba kukhululwe encwadini yakhe, sobulumko ufunda ukuba bakhe ex-awayeza kutshata atshate. Oku kuyothusa yakhe.

ukugxekwa Ixesha kunye nokulahla of engokoqobo

Ukongeza kubalandeli, Kerkegor hamid ifumana nabagxeki abo elimsulwa izimvo kumaphepha "Le Corsaire 'imisebenzi yakhe. Ukuphendula lo bulumko ipapashe inqaku apho uzama ihlazo ukubathoba nabagxeki bakhe. Oku esilimaza kakhulu intembeko yayo emehlweni yoluntu, kukho ikhathuni ekhubekisayo, iziqhulo ezimbi. Kungekudala emva koko zokushicilelwa enye incwadi, nto leyo uxoxwa amakhulu amaphepha intanda kaSerena Kerkegora, ukususela kanye yintlahlela yendlela yakhe yendalo yezenzululwazi izigqibo zokugqibela.

Ukufa yindlala

Iminyaka emininzi, Kierkegaard wakhuthaza kwiincwadi zakhe njengomshumayeli, iziseko razyasnitel ukholo lwamaKristu, ngoxa yena, hayi ukuba umlandeli wakhe. Ubuncinane yena wacinga njalo. Ngowe-1855, i-sobulumko waliseka iphephandaba lakhe, kodwa uyakwazi ukupapasha imiba-10 kuphela, phambi ambulala uyagula. 42 ngomnyaka ebomini, hamid Kerkegor, ogama engobomi ebonisa ukuba kwixesha elingephi ixesha unako ukwenza inkqubela ebonakalayo zefilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo, ukuba athethe ngalo kwiincwadi zakhe, kwaye banconywa ebalulekileyo, uyafa eDenmark. Washiya ngasemva imali kuphela ukungcwatywa, kunye nomsebenzi engagqitywanga.

ebomini phuza

-Sobulumko hamid Kerkegor Danish, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba uyise ebomini, kwimisebenzi yakhe, wenza njengoko ekugxekeni rationalism kunye kunyango lwe indlela ayinyani ku bulumko. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kanye ukuba ezahlukeneyo ukusuka inzululwazi, ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso eyamkelekileyo. Umbuzo ophambili ukuba wonke umntu abuze oku: "Ngaba ufuna ubukho bam" - uye amawaka iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo. Sobulumko avakalisa ukuba amkhanuke - oku luluvo, kwaye kukho ifezekiseke wonke umntu. Kwaye yintoni ke kwisifundo ukuba siqwalaselwe kufuneka athathe, umntu ekhethekileyo unique ngubani oya kubonisa imbono yabo ihlabathi.

nekhono lokuhlaziya

Ngokwesiseko imiceli yobume Kierkegaard ngayo kulo mba, sinokugqiba ukuba wayekholelwa into ekhoyo kuphela loo nto ucinga ngokwakhe. Ngapha koko, xa siyifumene into uqalise ukucinga, ukuba aphazamisane inkqubo endalo nokungena yezinto. Ngoko ke, le nto liyayeka ukuba, ajike kwenye sele zatshintsha esweni. Ngoko, kwi bulumko ebomini indlela engundoqo ulwazi ihlabathi akujongwa eleza, kunye namava iziganeko, izinto, kuba nabo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubukho babo.

Inkululeko nokuzimela

Kierkegaard wathi, koko Hegel, ukuba imbali lwentlalo - yenye iribhoni eliqhubekekayo iziganeko kuyimfuneko. Oko kukuthi, abalinganiswa zifakiwe ebalini, akukho enye kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze njalo, hayi ngenye indlela. Ihlabathi engaphakathi umntu owayamileyo kuphela kuye, yaye yintoni eyenzekayo kuwo nangayiphi na indlela akazukuyibamba iimeko zangaphandle. Ukwenza yonke imihla, iyure, ngephanyazo, ukhetho omtsha ngaphakathi, abantu abasondeleyo Absolute, ingaphezulu ehlabathini ngaphandle. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye zesigqibo ngalinye kufuneka libe netyala. Ukuba mzuzu kokukhetha mntu ukuba elinye ngokungenammiselo, ngoko kuye lenza iimeko, yaye ngaloo ndlela, umntu alahlekelwe sisiqu sakhe.

Ifilosofi ithemba

Ukuza zibe kwimeko lithemba, abantu abaphelelwa ukholo kuye yaye ufuna ukuphelisa le imvakalelo. Kwaye oku kufuneka ukususa wena ziphele nya, ukuya lithemba iphelile. Kodwa ukubaleka, ukuhamba, susa wena akunakwenzeka. Umntu angalaziyo ikamva lakhe elikhulu njengeyunithi ngokomoya, kodwa imeko kwande ngaphezu ukuba batye. Kwaye, ngokoluvo Kierkegaard womntakayise, yinto elungileyo. Kungenxa kuphela kubantu ukufumana amandla ukudlulela, imphathe ngokwakho. Kubalulekile ukuba ukoyika eyenza imiphefumlo yethu efanelekileyo ukuze ephakamileyo.

iindlela yokuba

Kerkegor hamid wachaza iindlela ezimbini ubukho ngamnye: zezimilo nobugcisa.

Esthete, ngokutsho sobulumko, ophilileyo wemvelo ekujongwe kuyo. Kuthatha amandla kunye nobuthathaka, ukungafezeki yehlabathi kunye nexabiso wabo kulo, ukuzama va uzithabathele, njengoko kunokwenzeka. Eyona ndlela iphambili ubukho "ubuhle" kamnandi. Kodwa njengoko umntu onjalo lusoloko iphethwe iimeko zangaphandle, akazange ngaphakathi free. Enye Isiphene khona i esthete, kukuba akazange ukuphatha ukufikelela imo saneliseke ngokupheleleyo. Kusoloko kukho into ngakumbi into efunekayo, ukusukela yokuchitha yaso. Man ulahlekelwa ingqiqo ubuhle inyibilike self kwihlabathi elingaphandle kunye nehlabathi ngaphakathi ungakhohlwa. Ukuze kwakhona va iphela kuyimfuneko ukuba bakhethe ngokolwazi.

Umntu ukhetha icala ngokweenqobo, ndiwuhlutha nje ngokuzithandela ngokwabo wenkululeko kunye iziyolo "yiya nokuqukuqela" kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle. Ulohlalisa ngokoqobo yakhe, ukwenza isigqibo, benza umgudu, kubume bayo, ukuba ukungena ukuba ingakhona kwisakhelo oluye ichazwa ngokwayo. Enyanisweni, umntu kwenza ngokwalo ngokutsha, hayi remodels phantsi kweemeko, kodwa hayi kukhulisa iimpawu zazo zendalo, uze uzilungise ngenxa yokwenene abawukhethileyo.

malunga umusa

Philosophy uthi ukuba umzabalazo kunye nomanyano okulungileyo nokubi ungumzalwana. Ngalinye ukukhetha wethu imisela amaxolo, oya kuzaliswa ngaphezulu. Kierkegaard wayekholelwa ukuba entle umntu ngenxa inkululeko, kwaye awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. Ngapha koko, xa ngaphakathi simahla, ngoko ukhululekile ukuba ukhethe ukuba nobubele kuwe okanye hayi. Le mo-yengqondo kubuhle. umntu efanekileyo efanayo ekuqaleni bamkela imithetho yokuziphatha kunye andingekhe ndiwugqithe kubo. Naxa ufuna ukuba kuhle, ukuba ekhethiweyo leyinene kudala ukuba izenzo ezithile.

ukuqaphela ukholo

Eli nqanaba liphezulu yobukho bomntu Kierkegaard ingqalelo "kartel wokholo." Yaba imithetho ephakamileyo yokuziphatha, kuba weza isigqibo evela Providence Ungokobuthixo, kungekhona ukusuka ikhowudi yokuziphatha. Nesimilo - ingqikelelo ukholo kawonke - ngamnye, ukuzichaza. , Bejonge umphefumlo wakhe ndawo, lo mntu uyaqonda ukuba ngamnye umntu unomsebenzi kuThixo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka imithetho zokuziphatha ukuze kuhlawulwe eli tyala.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukuziphatha kobuKristu lithemba - luhlobo oluthile isono, kodwa ukuba kuthatha uhlobo inguquko phambi koThixo kwaye kukhokelela impiliso, naye ke mamkele phakathi kartel wokholo. Kierkegaard waqonda ukholo njengoko ubuchule liphezulu wabantu, bemkhanyela kwicandelo lookhetshe kunye nokuziphatha, ezinceda ukuphumeza bayiqonde isityhilelo nguThixo.

A indima ekhethekileyo wabelwa ifilosofi engqondweni. Wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela ingqondo yomntu banokuphinda kwakhe, ukuba ukwala lithemba sisinde "ukufa" yokuziphatha sizalwe ngathi ePhoenix. Consciousness njengoko waba yenye yeentsika zokholo kunye nenkululeko. Bazuza ukulingana gingxi phakathi kwe eziphelayo esingapheliyo, eziphathekayo nangokomoya. Inceda umntu ukugcina ulungelelwano ukuba ngokwakhe.

Meaning Kierkegaard ifilosofi

sobulumko Contemporary ayikwazanga akuyixabisi. Emva koko alawula yokucinga UHlaziyo, ezifana updates, ubutsha, kunokuba ngena wena ukhetho yokuziphatha nobugcisa. Kwintanda-Serena Kerkegora ngokufutshane ezixoxa kumaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, hayi ezingena kakuhle oko, niwajikile nje intsingiselo oko kwakuthethwa. Kwakukho abaninzi abafuna lokuchithachitha amatye kwi nzulu ngezinto Danish. Kodwa wayekholelwa ukuba lo udumo ezimbi baya kuzuza abo banomdla ngokwenene iimfundiso zakhe. Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba siqonde iincwadi zakhe, kwaye uzama ukumxelisa, ukomeleza iziganeko ebomini bakhe. Hamid Kerkegor, ogama bulumko wayesoloko yagxekwa, wakwazi ukuba ukuchukumisa intliziyo isizukulwana esizayo.

Emva ungquzulwano ezimbini zehlabathi esenzeka kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abantu baye kwaphinde nemisebenzi Kierkegaard, wabafumana kuzo into babefuna, okanye ujonge emhlabeni. Ayazi Wayesiva waza wafumana amandla avuke uthuthu. Yiloo nto kanye oko wabhala sobulumko omkhulu hamid Kerkegor oko.