Into ebizwa umzimba ngamanzi. kwabo amanzi Ocean

Kwakunye isithuba umoya, amanzi inhomogeneous kubume bayo lommandla. Loo nto ibizwa ngokuba umzimba emanzini, siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku. Chonga iintlobo ephambili, ngokunjalo ukuchonga iimpawu ezingundoqo ulwandlekazi kolwandle.

Into ebizwa ubunzima amanzi olwandle?

ocean mass Water - xa ikuthelekiswa nezinye ezinkulu ulwandlekazi maleko ukuba iipropati ezithile (ubunzulu, ubushushu, ukuxinana, Ibar, isixa neetyuwa eziqulethwe njl) ethile uhlobo indawo yamanzi. Iipropati Formation of uhlobo oluthile kwabo amanzi lwenzeka kwithuba elide, nto leyo ebenza ubunzima rhoqo kwaye namanzi waqonda njengeyunithi eyodwa.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu kwabo amanzi olwandle

mass amanzi olwandle ngexesha intsebenziswano kunye umoya bafumana neempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke iqondo sesichengeni kwakunye ukuyilwa ezonka.

1. Iqondo lobushushu - ngenye ezingundoqo apho uvavanyo luthatha indawo kwabo amanzi olwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba iqondo lobushushu emanzini olwandle ifumana kakhulu yayo ezinezinga ethandwa, njengoko umgama ubushushu amanzi uvikivwa kuzo.
2. Ophelelwe. On kwamanzi etyuwa kuchaphazela umgangatho komoya, umyinge kwamanzi kunye umthamo wamanzi amatsha zinikwe kumazwekazi ngohlobo yemilambo emikhulu. Le etyuwa aphezulu ibhaliswe elisengqayini eLwandle oluBomvu: 41 ‰. Imephu yokwanda amanzi aselwandle ngokucacileyo kulo mzobo ulandelayo.
3. Ukuxinana kunobukhulu amanzi ixhomekeke ngqo kwi-kubunzulu ukusuka kwinqanaba elwandle na. Oku kuchazwe yi imithetho physics, njengako apho luthe, kunye engamanzi ngaloo ndlela enzima kakhulu uvikivwa ngezantsi ulwelo lwe mninzi elisezantsi.

Eyona ndawo kwabo amanzi olwandle

iimpawu entsonkothileyo kwabo amanzi ziphenjelelwa kuphela phawu lwendawo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neemeko zemozulu, kodwa ngenxa ukuxubana lokumpompoza ezahlukeneyo kwamanzi. Umphantsi nomphezulu amanzi olwandle basengozini ukuxuba impembelelo umoya, kunokuba kumhlathi kwamanzi olunzulu kummandla esifanayo kuyo. Ngenxa kule into, inyambalala amanzi neelwandle yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini amakhulu:

1. Ocean eziFihliweyo - ephezulu, ekuthiwa-layers yamanzi aphezu komhlaba, komda omncinci leyo efikelela 200-300 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha neemitha ezingama-500 ubunzulu. Ziyahluka i benegxaki impembelelo kwimozulu, iqondo lobushushu kunye nemozulu. Aneempawu ezingafani ngokuxhomekeke lwezobulungisa lwengingqi.
2. Ocean stratosphere - nzulu ngaphantsi kweemaleko kwamanzi ngempahla kunye neempawu ophumelelayo. Iimpawu kwabo amanzi stratosphere uzinze, ngokuba akukho intshukumo eyomeleleyo ebanzi namanzi aqukuqela ingakumbi kwicandelo nkqo.

Iintlobo amanzi eziFihliweyo yolwandle

Ocean eziFihliweyo wenziwe phantsi kwempembelelo imiba aggregate olutshintshatshintshayo: imozulu, imvula, kwaye umsinga amanzi zwekazi. Kulo mba, amanzi kumphezulu kukho ukuhla ubushushu rhoqo komgangatho yokwanda. Intshukumo kwabo amanzi omnye komnye yenza inkululeko ukuyilwa imisinga kweshushu.

Xa amanzi kumphezulu na ukuqhama iphezulu eziphilayo ngohlobo intlanzi kunye nezilwanyana. Iintlobo kwabo amanzi yolwandle ye-ntathu eziFihliweyo zingahlulwa ngokwala ngendlela ezinezinga geographical kunye into eliqaqambileyo ucaca zemozulu. Thina igama ezona ziphambili:

• Ikhweyitha.
• Tropical.
• Sehlathi.
• Subpolar.
• Polar.

Uphawu kwabo amanzi sentshinyela

ucando Territorial kwabo amanzi sentshinyela ligubungela band geographical 0 ukuya 5 ngasentla inkululeko. Imozulu babesuke luphawulwa iimeko ubushushu phantse phezulu ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke unyaka wekhalenda, ngoko ke kwabo amanzi kule ngingqi ukufudumala ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu kufikelela kwinqanaba 26-28.

Ngenxa imvula enzima kunye ukungena kwamanzi omlambo amatsha asuka nezwekazi sentshinyela etyuwa amanzi olwandle abe ipesenti encinane (ukuya kwi 34,5 ‰) kwaye liphantsi ingxinano enemiqathango (22-23). Ukwanda medium zolwelo kummandla ioksijini kananjalo inelona qondo lisezantsi (4.3 ml / l) ngenxa komndilili weqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

Faka kwabo amanzi emvula

Zone yimvula mass amanzi bands ezimbini: 5-35 kumntla ikhweyitha (emantla-yetropika namanzi) kunye 30 Southern (amanzi emvula Southern). Ibunjwe awohluke zemozulu nomoya iingqimba - nomoya zorhwebo.

lobushushu Summer esiphezulu ingqamana ezinezinga ethandwa, kodwa ebusika, eli nani lehla kwinqanaba 18-20 ngasentla zero. Zone luphawulwa amanzi ukwenyuka kubunzulu ka 50-100 m umgca lwasentshona unxweme elizwekazi nemisinga zisihla kunxweme olusempuma yezwe.

iintlobo emvula kwabo amanzi omkhulu ngaphezu izowuni sentshinyela, izinga etyuwa (35-35,5 ‰) nokuxinana kuyacaca (24-26). Oxygen Ukwanda amanzi emvula ihlala malunga kwinqanaba efanayo naleyo ibhanti sentshinyela, kodwa Ukwanda lidlula phosphate: 1-2 ug-athom / l xa kuthelekiswa 0.5-1 g-atom / l e Equatorial emanzini.

kwabo amanzi sehlathi

Lobushushu kuyo ummandla wamanzi sikwisubtropic lonyaka ithotywe 15. amanzi emvula lokuphakama kwetyuwa lwenzeka ubukhulu ongaphantsi ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo zemozulu, ukususela apha uwa kwemvula, ngeli xa bathethayo uwase olunzulu.

Apha amanzi anetyuwa amanzi kunokuba ukuya ku 38 ‰. izihlwele sehlathi kwamanzi olwandle ngelixa sokupholisa ngexesha lasebusika ukunika nobushushu obuninzi, ngaloo ndlela eyenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ubushushu planethi.

Imida lommandla sikwisubtropic ukuya kutsho malunga 45 ikhweyitha southern 50 N Kukho ukwanda Ukwanda amanzi kunye ioksijini, yaye ngenxa yoko ke iintlobo zobomi.

kwabo amanzi uphawu sub-polar

Njengoko ukusuka sentshinyela liyancipha ubushushu amanzi kwaye kuyahlukana nedlela lonyaka. ^о С. Ekubeni zolwelo kwintsimi sub-polar izihlwele (50-70 no 45-60 emantla inkululeko S) ebusika ubushushu wamanzi kusithwa 5-7, yaye ehlotyeni inyuswe ukuya 12-15 ° ^C.

Amanzi anetyuwa kwamanzi lidla ukuba yehle kwabo amanzi sabutropikhi ukuya izibonda. . Oku kungenxa ukunyibilika kwazo - imithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu kwabo amanzi polar

Kwasendaweni ocean polar mass - okolomaterikovye emantla polar kunye nendawo lasezantsi oko ekwanti oceanologists phambi Arctic kunye kwabo amanzi Antarctic. iimpawu ezikhethekileyo amanzi polar Kakade ke, ukufunda iqondo lobushushu asezantsi: ehlotyeni, kwi-avareji 0, kwaye ebusika 1.5-1.8 ngezantsi zero, enokungena loxinano - apha ke enyangweni.

Ngaphandle lobushushu, etyuwa kunye namanqaku ephantsi (32-33 ‰) ngenxa kukunyibilika komkhenkce ezintsha lizwekazi. Amanzi ezinezinga polar bazizityebi kakhulu ioksijini phosphate, leyo kakuhle kuchaphazela ukwahluka ehlabathini ephilayo.

Iindidi neempawu kwabo amanzi stratosphere yolwandle

Ocean stratosphere Abafoti ngokuqhelekileyo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

1. Amanzi eliphakathi ziquka kholamu kubunzulu ka 300-500 m ukuya 1000 m amanzi, yaye maxa wambi 2000 m. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye iintlobo ezimbini kwabo amanzi stratosphere, umaleko esiphakathi kakhulu enakhanyiselwa ngayo, ngobubele kwaye izityebi ngakumbi oksijini phosphate kungoko bacebe kwizidalwa zasemanzini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi. Phantsi yempembelelo elumelwaneni imijelo yamanzi le eziFihliweyo, apho ngoku uyawongamela ngokukhawuleza ubunzima amanzi iimpawu kolwandle kunye flow Velocity ngayo amanzi lo maleko eliphakathi linamandla kakhulu. Isiqhelo ngokubanzi ekuhambeni kwamanzi eliphakathi bubonakala kwicala evela ezinezinga eliphezulu ukuya ikhweyitha. Ububanzi maleko esiphakathi kwe stratosphere hayi lothuli efanayo yonke indawo, umaleko ngokubanzi kwaphawuleka kwimimandla ezibandayo.
2. Amanzi anzongonzongo abe kwindawo ukwabiwa, ukususela ubunzulu ka 1000-1200 m, kwaye yandisa ku-5 km ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, lubonakala i data kolwandle rhoqo. Ngexesha amanzi enqamlezileyo ngaphantsi kakhulu kwale maleko kunye namanzi esiPhakathi limi 0.2-0.8 cm / s.
3. A umaleko esezantsi amanzi abancinane bafunda izazinzulu zaselwandle ukususela nokungafumaneki yayo, ngenxa yokuba zisendaweni kubunzulu engaphezulu kwe-5 km ukusuka kumphezulu emanzini. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale maleko esezantsi yi kakhulu kumgangatho rhoqo lumtyuba kunye ezixineneyo.