AbaGxeki - Yintoni le? owaseka School of abaGxeki

AbaGxeki - isikolo adumileyo Greece yamandulo, uninzi apho abalandeli iimfundiso kaSocrates. iinkcuba School kwakhona wabiza isimilo sazo agxeke ngakumbi morose, iimbono zakhe, ukunganeliseki kunye ezikhoyo ngendlela kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye zonqulo ebomini.

owaseka School of abaGxeki

Thought inganga lejaji mfundiso nguAntisthenes. Sobulumko wayengunyana ka ummi baseAtene ikhoboka Thracian. Ngokusekelwe kule, nguAntisthenes ingqalelo niyimigqakhwe lalingayi ubomi ukuze sibe ubume amalungu abahlelelekileyo oluntu.

NguAntisthenes wayengomnye wabafundi unyanisekileyo aphezulu kaSocrates. Ubhidwe zokuziphatha nobuntu emcebisayo, sobulumko mfana zange ashiye utitshala kude kube sekupheleni imihla yakhe. Emva kokufa kaSocrates, nguAntisthenes, waseka isikolo yakhe yentanda omnye kwizikolo eziphakamileyo eAthens yenzelwe ongekho.

NguAntisthenes wazama ukuba baphile ubomi iyavumelana neemfundiso zakhe. Bulumko ukuba nabani na ukuthambeka, akazange acinge isiphako ubuhlwempu ngabom wabonisa ulithiyile abanini amandla. Umntu osisilumko wachitha imihla yakhe ngento, eshiya a imiqulu emininzi izincoko. abalandeli bakhe owaziwa kakhulu-of Crathes kunye uDiogenes ayekholelwa ukuba zonke Greece akayi kufumana zobulumko abo nguAntisthenes e unyamezelo, ngaphandle koloyiko kunye nokukwazi ukuba siphile ngokuvisisana iinkolelo zabo.

School of-bulumko abaGxeki, nguAntisthenes iye yaba nempumelelo ekufeni umsunguli wayo. Kamva, ngaphezulu kwama-70 imisebenzi njengomntwana onengqondo senziwe elayibrari adumileyo Alexandria. Lwakuba nje wayengekho nguAntisthenes, nkqu iminyaka 150 ngokubonakalayo wakhuthaza izimvo zabo zabaGxeki. bulumko abagxeki ethe yamkelwa iingcamango ezininzi ukusuka esikolweni labaGxeki, kamva uyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo le mfundiso nakokwabo.

Diogen Sinopsky

Umlandeli likhanya ngamandla iimfundiso nguAntisthenes uDiogenes wathetha. Waba idumileyo kwindawo yokuqala ezingathandekiyo ezininzi. Ngokutsho data zembali, ezithe beza imihla yethu, sobulumko wayethanda emini banzi ezula ejikeleza kwi sixeko isibane elikhanyayo. Loo ndlela lobulumko engaqhelekanga bazama ukufumana 'umntu olungileyo "kwizitrato ezixineneyo.

UDiogenes waphila ubuhlwempu, bambethe ingubo, awawunika abemi baloo mzi, walidla na ukutya okuvelayo. Njengomntwana onengqondo kwezindlu, ngokutsho kwenye incwadi, akhetha crock enkulu, yaye ngokutsho kwabanye - komgqomo ngamaplanga. Kuba lokuqhutywa yokuphila engaqhelekanga ezifana uDiogenes igama elithi "Dog".

UDiogenes kanye bayamenywa ukuba ikhaya labucala ommi osisityebi aseAtene, enethemba kwincoko umdla kunye nomfundisi. Noko ke, ukubona umhombiso ntofontofo amagumbi, imigangatho nezemarmore, kunye nemisebenzi ezininzi zobugcisa, sobulumko abazange bathethe nale ndoda iindwendwe, yaye nje wajika wahamba wemka cwaka. Kamva, uDiogenes wachaza isenzo sakhe yokuba indlu wayengekho kuloo ndawo apho amathe, ukongeza kwi nginginya iqumrhu.

Crathes evela neValley

Famous AbaGxeki - i nguAntisthenes kuphela uDiogenes. Enye umlandeli ephawulekayo yesikolo bulumko waba Crathes. Le sazi iwela kudidi abemi lezityebi. Noko ke, ubhidwe ubulumko yesikolo abaGxeki, wagqiba ukunikela ubomi obutofotofo kunye nobume ophezulu ekuhlaleni. Crathes yonke impahla ezabiwa, unyana wakhe, phezu komqathango ukuba akayi unqwenela ntoni ukuba abe sobulumko.

Kanye uDiogenes, Crathes akhetha ukuchitha ixesha lokucamngca, benza ubomi ezingenaluncedo. Umfundi intle silumko emi umfazi wakhe Hipparchia, ngubani ebutsheni bakhe sazilahla intsapho yakhe abazizityebi waza wajoyina iqela labaGxeki.

Imfundiso abaGxeki

AbaGxeki - isikolo yentanda, leyo yasekwa eAthene Ekuveleni kweminyaka 5-6 amalungu niyimigqakhwe oluntu, yawona amahlwempu nokubhadula. Isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe isikolo waba wokumelana ukuvuthuluka iimeko lwentlalo, ukomelezwa yengcinezelo kwezopolitiko kunye nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Iimbono eziphambili iimfundiso ezinjongo ukugcina ubomi ezingenaluncedo, ezifana inja, ngokukhawuleza wafumana abalandeli balo lonke Greece yamandulo.

AbaGxeki ababefundisa? Intanda le sikolo sibonelela uluntu imbono ethile yehlabathi, ethi uyalahlwa categorical lwamaxabiso kunye nendlela khoboka, imithetho, isimilo, izithethe namasiko ezazikho kuluntu kwabathengi. Kwangaxeshanye, abaGxeki zange abaphila. abameli School wazama ukuba iyasebenza, nokukhuthaza iminqweno inkululeko, ukujongelwa obutofotofo. Le postulates iimfundiso zazijoliswe lula ubomi, ukufezekiswa kokulingana, ukukhuthazwa iimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Kwintanda-bulumko yabaGxeki bafumana amarhamente phakathi abantu baye baphelelwa ithemba ngekamva eliqaqambileyo, baqonde sikweni kwemithetho, badana ngezithembiso tipolitiki. Abalandeli iimfundiso nje kuphela ukukhuthaza iimbono zabo, kodwa benza imigaqo yabo ebomini. AbaGxeki ndazama kakhulu zinqanda thina iimfuno wala ubutyebi. isikolo kaSocrates njengabaGxeki ingqalelo ezilungileyo liphezulu ukungabikho imoto ukuya kwindawo ethile yokuhlala, rootlessness xa lulonke.

ethics abaGxeki

Ukuqwalasela oko yokuziphatha okukhethwayo abaGxeki, iingcamango ezingundoqo kwizikolo bulumko, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iimfundiso nguAntisthenes umsunguli wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba ukwahlula 'zethu' ukusuka 'yalapha'. Ngokutsho silumko, elungileyo kuphela inkululeko yakhe ngaphakathi kunokuba kuba ngumntu, hayi impahla.

The main zokuziphatha abaGxeki mgaqo yaye yaxhasa isidima, leyo ingqalelo kuphela okulungileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umthombo ububi lo mkhwa. Yonke enye into, ukongeza kula magama, wayengenandaba kwizilumko yesikolo bulumko.

Izimvo kubomi bentlalo kunye norhulumente

AbaGxeki - abantu abacinga, ababekholelwa ukuba umntu ningabi ngamakhoboka kuhlala Usenokungacalulwa ekuhlaleni, zama ukuthobela izimvo elikheswa. Crathes and uDiogenes ngabom waya ezichasene yamkelwe nemigangatho ngokubanzi, inyathelwe imithetho engenabulungisa. Zobulumko zezityalo ekhethekileyo shushu ingxoxo ezitratweni, obabufikelela yingxabano. Ngoko ke abalandeli yesikolo abaGxeki wafundisa ukuba ukungayikhathaleli impi yabantu.

Ngokutsho bulumko yabaGxeki, amalungu oluntu yahlulwe yobudenge kwezilumko. Lokuqala - amakhoboka abangamaziyo iingqondo zabo ezingqondweni, lava pfumalaka, uvuyo lokwenyaniso okulungileyo ebomini. Ngenxa yoko, amadoda alumkileyo eziye sazilahla zonke izinto, wenkululeko yokwenene nokuzimela. Abantu Smart bengahlali ngokomthetho ebhaliweyo, kodwa uxhomekeke ethics lwangaphakathi.

Imeko efanelekileyo emehlweni abaGxeki yaba emphakathini wabantu, apho kungekho imida, amaziko, imithetho, ubutyebi. Ngamanye amazwi - kokufanelekileyo ukuba abameli yesikolo bulumko wayefana nendoda lowo wabuya imeko yaso yendalo yendalo.

iinkolelo zonqulo

Sisiphi isimo sengqondo esaboniswa abaGxeki inkolo? Ifilosofi yesikolo emise izimvo kuphela elibi na namahlelo. Ngapha koko, abaGxeki oyinyaniso, ohlala ngokwendlela elengqalo ilizwi, inkolo akwazi ukunika nantoni na entle. neenkokeli zezikolo eceleni ingqalelo isithixo kuphela ingqondo yomntu. yayibonakala Yonke enye njenge imveliso fantasy, kwakunye iimpazamo neentsilelo ezazikhona yonke kuluntu.

iimpawu uphawu ifilosofi abaGxeki

Iinkolelo ezisisiseko ngabalandeli mfundiso ziquka:

• safumana inkululeko ngokupheleleyo ngenxa kukulahlwa kwawo kubomi;
• ukulahlwa ngokuzithandela izinto eziphathekayo;
• umhlonyane, ukungabikho ikhaya esisigxina, ulwaneliseko iimfuno ezisisiseko ngokuthi nokucela;
• ukungahoywa yococeko, kukhetha ezimbi zokuphila;
• kudunyiswe nendlala;
• ukugxekwa iimfundiso idealist;
• non-ukuqatshelwa ngamandla umntu koothixo;
• ukunqongophala ubuzwe kunye neembono ezahlukahlukeneyo;
• ukugxila ezingqongileyo emibi oluntu, kwakhona unyembo abanobubi zobuntu.

Ekuphetheni

AbaGxeki - isikolo ethile yokucinga, amalungu ezibonakala, ngenxa yemeko yentlalo yabo ayibonakali kwi akukho amandla a. Kule ilandelayo ngehambo eliqaqambileyo bazikhethe kwenzeka kinikov elithi "sokugxeka" leyo ngemibuzo zonke izinto. Ukuthandwa eGrisi yamandulo usebenzisa ekupheleni-5 - Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-6, kwakuthetha ukuba nkampani kufuneka ngelo xesha kokukhatywa siseko ngamakhoboka kumhlangabeza nolangazelelo Sivikivekile, amaqembu disenfranchised oluntu.