Iphulo Persian of Peter 1 (1722-1723). -Russian Persian imfazwe

iphulo Persian 1722-1723 gg. Oku kwenzeka emzantsi-mpuma yinxalenye eCaucasus kunye Dagestan. Injongo yalo ukubuyisela indlela zorhwebo ukusuka Indiya Central Asia Europe.

ngumba

UPeter wabulawa ingqalelo enkulu kuqoqosho kunye norhwebo. Ngowe-1716, wathuma lamabutho Bekovich-Cherkassky e eBukhara kunye Khiva nge kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ngexesha hambo kuyimfuneko ukuba bafunde indlela eya eIndiya, ukuhlola iidipozithi igolide esezantsi ye Amu Darya. Ukongeza, lo msebenzi ukuba beyiseke i Emir of eBukhara ukuba ubuhlobo, yaye Khan of Khiva kubumi eRashiya. Kodwa lo mkhankaso lokuqala kwintlekele ngokupheleleyo. Khivan Khan bacenga Bekovich-Cherkasskiy ndikuchithachithe looding, ngoko wawa phezu kumaqela ngamnye, ukuba bawaphanzisa. iphulo Persian of Peter 1, nayo ngenxa nomyalezo onikiweyo ngabameli zakwaSirayeli Ori ukusuka Syunik Melik. Kuyo bacela Russian Tsar uncedo. UPetros wathembisa ukunika inkxaso emva kokuphela amadabi eSweden.

Imeko elunxwemeni

History of wasePersi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 yabalasela msebenzi eMpuma eCaucasus. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuxhomekeke wonke ummandla eselunxwemeni Dagestan. iinqanawa Persian elawulwa yi-Sea lweCaspian. Noko ke, oku akuzange aphelise yombango abalawuli zasekuhlaleni. E Dagestan kwenzeka kwimilo enogonyamelo. Bona ngcembe baba inxaxheba, ne Turkey. Zonke ezi nguqu wakhathazeka Russia. Urhulumente yakhokelela urhwebo nge Dagestan East. Ngenxa umsebenzi wasePersi yonke indlela zaye okunene ndinqumle. abarhwebi Russian ubunzima ilahleko enkulu. Yonke loo meko ezigxekayo kubonisiwe wokulondoloza imali karhulumente.

Oyena nobangela ngoko nangoko

Victoriously kutshanje waphumelela kuMntla War, iRashiya sele iqalile ukulungiselela ukuthumela amajoni ukuya eCaucasus. Isizathu ngqo yaba ukuphanga kunye ukumbetha nabarhwebi Russian in Shamakhi. Umququzeleli we uhlaselo waba umnikazi Lezghian Daoud Bey. August 7, 1721 ihlokondiba abaxhobileyo watshabalalisa Gostiny Dvor iivenkile Russian, wabethwa saa i oomabhalane. Lezgins and Kumyks bayiphanga iimpahla ezixabisa malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi engange.

uqeqesho

Russian Mbusi wafunda ukuba Shah Tahmasp II yoyiswa Afghan imali yabo. Xa imo izixholoxholo yaqala. Bekukho ingozi yokuba Turks, sibambe loo meko, lo hlaselo lokuqala kwaye iya kuvela phambi Russian kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ukuba ihlehlise iphulo Persian yayiyingozi kakhulu. Amalungiselelo yaqala ebusika. In iVolga isixeko Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, yaseTver waqala ukwakha ucaphula iinqanawa. Ngowe-1714-1715 gg. Bekovich-Cherkasskii alicanda mida neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla lweCaspian. Ngowe-1718-m ncazelo wenza Urusov kunye Kozhin, yaye ngo-1719-1720. - laseVerdun ne Soimonov. imephu Ngoko iyonke oLwandle lweCaspian iye yaqulunqwa.

amacebo

iphulo Persian of Peter 1 bekufanele ukuba aqala Astrakhan. Wayefuna ukuya kunxweme oLwandle lweCaspian. Apha bekumele ukuba wasithimba isixeko Derbent kunye Baku. Emva koko, kwacetywa ukuya emlanjeni. Iinkukhu, ukuba ibekwe khona inqaba. Ngoko ke indlela waya Tiflis ukuncedisa Georgians kwi iimfazwe nxamnye Ottoman. Ukusuka apho wayenothotho wayeza ukufika eRashiya. Kwimeko kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe endzeriwe kunye uVakhtang VI (King of Kartli) kunye ne Astvatsatur I (Catholicos Armenian). Astrakhan kunye Kazan baba amaziko oqeqesho kunye nombutho phulo. Emlonyeni 80 endle udaliwe ithathele-20. inani lawo elipheleleyo lizizigidi 22. Abantu. 196 pieces zokudubula. Endleleni eya Astrakhan uPetros ivumile ukuxhasa i-Bibles Khan Ayuka. Ngenxa yoko lo wona libutho wajoyina Bibles amahashe, uniko manani, ngamawaka-7. Abantu. Juni 15, 1722 umlawuli safika Astrakhan. Apha wagqiba ukuthumela 22,000 uMarines phezu kolwandle, kwaye regiments ezisixhenxe dragoon (9 amawaka abantu ..) - isiwe evela Tsaritsyn. I Sukwenza umyalelo wokugqibela uMajor General Kropotov. On umhlaba UDon Cossacks Ukrainian bathunyelwa. Ukongeza, waqesha kwaba 3000 nangezinto. E Kazan iinqanawa zothutho Admiralty kwakhiwa (total 200) ukulungiselela th 6. Oomatiloshe.

Manifesto ukuya Peoples zaseCaucasus namaPersi

Yanyatheliswa 15 (26) ka July. Umbhali umyalezo yaba Dimitrie Cantemir, umgcini-ofisi kweminquba. Le prince balihlutha iilwimi Oriental, nto leyo eyamnceda ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kweli phulo. Cantemir ve okuhombisa Arabhu, wadala kulomshicileli okhethekileyo. Le Manifesto sele iguqulelwe Persian, Tatar kunye nesiTurkish.

Inqanaba lokuqala

iphulo Persian yaqala ukusuka eMoscow. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubela imilambo variables bengababheqi zilungiswe apha endleleni. Xa ekupheleni kukaMeyi, uPetros wafika Nizhny Novgorod, Juni 2 - e Kazan, 9 - e Simbirsk, 10 - to Samara, 13 - e Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - to Astrakhan. 2,06 ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod washiya wenkundla iimbumbulu kunye namajoni. Kwakhona Baya Astrakhan. Iinqanawa ezo kwimiqolo ezintlanu elinye emva kwelinye. Ngomhla we-18 Julayi, Yonke imikhombe waphuma waya elwandle. Chief wafakwa Bala Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. Julayi 20 iinqanawa wangena oLwandle lweCaspian. Ngexesha le veki, Fedor Matveevich Apraksin INkundla kukhokelele kunxweme olusentshona. Ekuqaleni Agasti ukuzibandakanya amajoni umkhosi Kabardian. Bona ayalwa Knyaz aslan-bek Murza kunye Cherkassy.

Endirey

July 27, 1722 kwabakho kokufika Agrakhan Gulf. ukumkani Russian okokuqala ndanyathe- umhlaba Dagestan. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla, uPetros wathumela looding ikhokelwa amagqala ukufaka Endireya. Noko ke, endleleni eya zokusonjululwa gorge ehlaselwa Kumyks. Basezintabeni bazimela emaweni kunye emahlathini. Bakwazi ukuba bengasebenzi amagosa-2 kunye namajoni 80. Nangona kunjalo, lo squad ngokukhawuleza bahlangana, waya phezu avanyisa. Utshaba woyiswa, kunye Erdirey atshiswe. Eziseleyo abalawuli severokumykskie bavakalisa nokulungela kwabo ngokupheleleyo ukukhonza Russian. Agasti 13 amajoni angena Tarki. Apha, uPetros wadibana lunozuko. Shamhal Aldy Giray thaca kwi-Russian Tsar isileyi, abantu bafumana iwayini, ukutya kunye nokutya. Emva kwexesha elithile, amajoni wangena Utamyshskoe ilifa, apho lalikhona elingekude Derbent. Apho bahlaselwa looding 10000th of Sultan Mahmud. Nangona kunjalo, i-Russian yakwazi ukuba bazobe labaleka ngenxa umlo elifutshane. Le lali itshiswe.

Derbent

I-Russian Tsar kwakunzima uthembekile kwabo owavumayo ukuba anikezele, yaye ezinzima kakhulu ukumelana. Lo ndaba basasazeke County. Kulo mba, ukumelana Derbent akazange abe. Ngo-Agasti 23, irhuluneli nabemi eziliqela abemi wadibana Russian kude esixekweni. Bonke wawa ngamadolo abo, nto leyo uPetros izitshixo zesilivere esangweni. tsar Russian wathabatha irhuluneli ngobubele kwaye ubuthembisile ukuba ukuthumela amajoni kuwo umzi. Noko ke, sikwamkela lee bonke abantu, ikakhulu US. Anazo wamnika ilungelo, njengoko undoqo i Safavid ulawulo. NgoAgasti 30 Russian weza kwisithili. Rubas wamlalisa inqaba kwi kufutshane kummandla omiweyo yi Tabasarans. Phantsi igunya noPetros iilali ezininzi. Iintsuku ezimbalwa yonke ubumelwane, edulusele phakathi imilambo kunye Belbele Yalama, wafudukela phantsi kwe Russian.

Indlela abasemagunyeni bendawo

izinduna e Dagestan zengqondo ezahlukeneyo inkangeleko Russian. Haji Davud ubesoloko ethatha belungiselela ukuziphendulela. abangani bakhe Ahmed III kunye Surkhay wazama ukuhlala domains zabo, ukuba alinde. Haji Davud Wayeqinisekile ukuba yedwa nxamnye abahlaseli baya kuba nako. Kulo mba, wayethembe ukuba Ahmed III kunye Surkhay ukunceda, kwangaxeshanye ukuzama ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye contenders eziyintloko tsar Russian - baseTurkey.

Ukugqitywa isigaba sokuqala

iphulo Persian lacebisa ukujoyina nje kuphela Dagestan, kodwa phantse lonke Transcaucasia. umkhosi Russian baqala ukulungiselela ukunyuswa ngasemzantsi. Enyanisweni, inxalenye yokuqala hambo phezu. Qhubeka indlela izaqhwithi kuthintelwa elwandle, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ukuthutha ukutya. Ukumkani Russian yashiya ikampu phantsi Colonel Juncker e Derbent, waza waya eRashiya ngeenyawo. Endleleni evela emlanjeni. Sulak wazibeka inqaba. OyiNgcwele. Niwele ukuziphendulela emdeni. Ngenxa yoko, uPetros kunye nomkhosi wakhe, waya phezu kwamanzi Astrakhan. Emva kokuhamba yakhe, umyalelo-mkhosi eCaucasus sakhutshelwa uMajor General Matiushkin.

Rasht

Ngu ekwindla ka 1722. iphondo Gilan ezisengozini umsebenzi Afghan. bangena Latest kwisivumelwano elihlebo baseTurkey. Umlawuli yephondo yajika uncedo Russian. Matyushkin wagqiba ukuze aphephe utshaba. Kwanele ukuba ngokukhawuleza walungisa iinqanawa 14 wathabatha 2 nomkhosi ne zokudubula. Novemba iinqanawa 4 aphume Astrakhan kunye ngenyanga kamva weza e Anzali. Small igqampe isixeko Rasht sathathwa ngaphandle umlo. Kunyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo ka Guilan wathunyelwa inzuzo kwi mali ka-2 amawaka. Abantu. Marine ngemipu-24. Bona umthetho yi uMajor General Levashov. Kunye, ezi imikhosi Russian ahlala lonke iphondo. Ngoko ke yasekwa ulawulo phezu emazantsi kunxweme oLwandle lweCaspian.

Baku

Omnye Derbent Russian uPeter wathumela kwisixeko uLieutenant Lunin kunye nesimemo sokuba anikezele. Noko ke, Baku nempembelelo arhente Daud Beg. Ayengavunyelwa esixekweni Lunin yaye akazange uncedo Russian. June 20, 1773 Matyushkin wasinga Baku evela Astrakhan. Julayi 28 wangena amajoni umzi. Power, ebamkela Matiushkin wanika izitshixo esangweni. Emva kokuthatha umzi, imikhosi ibekwe caravanserais 2 kusekwa ulawulo phezu onke amanqaku ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga. Ukuba ufumene iindaba zokuba Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey waqhubeka eqhagamshelana Haji Dawood, Matyushkin wayalela ukuba bambambe eluvalelweni. Emva koko, abazalwana bakhe abathathu kunye nempahla wathumela Astrakhan. Derge Quli Beg wamiselwa irhuluneli Baku. Yena yaphakanyiswa ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla sikhulu. Njengoko kwingqwayi waqeshwa Prince Baryatinsky. Campaign 1723 yenze ukuba bambambe phantse yonke emdeni lweCaspian yoLwandle. Oku, zibangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuya izikhundla Haji Dawood. Ukuphulukana kwiphondo lweCaspian, okunene walahlekelwa ubuchule bakhe lokuphinda i siqinile kwaye ezizimeleyo kwintsimi Lezgistan kunye Shirvan. Haji Davud ngelo xesha ubumi Turkish. Abazange babe nayiphi bamxhasa, ngokuba bexakekile enesisombululo iingxaki zabo.

iziphumo

iphulo Persian yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu urhulumente Russian. eneneni yasekwa ulawulo phezu unxweme leMpuma neAsia. Iimpumelelo omkhosi Russian kunye ngokuhlaselwa imikhosi Ottoman kwanyanzeleka wasePersi asayine isivumelwano soxolo. Wavalelwa ku Petersburg. Ukungqinelana kwesiVumelwano 12 (23) ngoSeptemba 1723, ukuze Russian wemka iindawo ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho kwiphondo Shirvan Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Wafudukela tsar Russian kunye Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Ukusuka bayakhula umbindi eCaucasus, Noko ke, kwafuneka ukuba uyekwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba ehlotyeni ka-1723 ngomhla kwintsimi imikhosi Ottoman wangena. Bathi libhuqiwe Georgia, amazwe yasentshona Azerbaijan mihla kunye Armenia. Ngowe-1724, kunye nasePorte satyikitywa eConstantinople sivumelwano. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umbusi wayibona ukufunyanwa yobukhosi Russian kummandla lweCaspian neRashiya, neliya, - ilungelo lalo kummandla eCaucasus Koloni. ubudlelwane Kamva kunye Turks zimbi kakhulu. Ukuze kuthintelwe imfazwe omtsha urhulumente Russian unomdla umfelandawonye wasePeshiya, wabuyela kuyo yonke imida yonxweme seGanja imbali kunye contract Rasht.

isiphelo

Peter ngexesha athatha kwiphulo lakhe. impumelelo yakhe kwaqinisekisa inani elaneleyo labantu, iinqanawa nemipu. Ukongeza, le tsar Russian yakwazi ukuba acele inkxaso kubamelwane. Baya lula basabela kwisicelo sakhe. Ngokomzekelo, amajoni Russian ziye kwakhona iimfazwe Kabardian, UAmatsiya ke nangezinto. Kunokuba ehlelekile uqeqesho wathabatha indawo uhambo. Kwathatha ewonke ayikho ixesha elininzi. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kweli phulo ngeenqanawa zothutho esinalo. Bona ukuqinisekisa liqhawuke ukutya. Enye into ebalulekileyo ezo odla Russian kunye qhinga. Njengoko le ndawo ezingaqhelekanga, bakwazi ukulawula phantse yonke indawo. iingxaki Big uhlangulayo Russian Turks. Ke waba uxinzelelo olungamandla Haji Dawood. Yena, ke, nempembelelo woMbutho kunye nabanye abalawuli. Noko ke, nkqu oku kuthintela ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso uPetros. Ukuba hayi iziphango ekwindla kuLwandle lweCaspian, kusenokwenzeka ange inkqubela ngakumbi. Noko ke, kwagqitywa ukubuya. imimandla ezilawulwa kunjalo nabaphumi Russian. Kwafunyanwa inqaba eziliqela. Emizaneni nezixeko kulawulo kwamagosa Russian ababekho. Ngomhla kummandla Eastern Caucasus ngexesha ukuphuma uPetros eRashiya akubangakho zokuhlala ongalawulekiyo enye. Le meko intsonkothile ezinye mountaineers Ukungenzi Amanyeneyo. Inxenye ke kubo kusenokufuneka ukubeka up ukuxhathisa, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukungalingani imikhosi akhetha ukuba anikezele. Uninzi umlo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwegazi okanye ilahleko ezincinane kwicala Russian. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba abalawuli basekuhlaleni ayaziwa ukuziphatha uPetros athobeke. Ukuba ke uthe entliziyweni yakhe, ukuba athumele imikhosi ukuba anikele umzi wabo, ngoko ke wayeza ukugcina idinga. Kodwa kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuze sixhathise Russian ezifunyenweyo. Ingongoma ephambili yaba kuthinjwe Baku. Kunye nomsebenzi Russian apho esixekweni yathatha ukulawula phantse lonke unxweme. Yaba eyekile efanelekileyo ngobukhulu. Ulungelane uloyiso yakutshanje eMntla kwiMfazwe, impumelelo phulo basePersi nangaphezulu likhulu tsar Russian. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba kweli lizwe umlawuli landela i yotshintsho esebenzayo angenela karhulumente Europeanization. Konke oku Russia lizwe enamandla ngokwenene kunye wenze, leyo bathathe inxaxheba uzilawula baba enyanzelekileyo. Peter ngeenyawo e East Transcaucasia ukuqinisekisa urhwebo unimpeded kwi abarhwebi Russian. Kubo, iindlela zivulekile kwakhona, baye unqamkile ukuzala ukulahleka. Lomelezwe ebutyebini bokumkani. Amagosa zihleli iikampu zibhuqwe neenqaba baqhubeka bekhonza apho de kutyikitywe esinye isivulwano sokusebenza esitsha ngo-1732 no 1735. Ezi zivumelwano Kwakufuneka uPetros ukuze bawubuyise ingcinezelo kwi emideni nokuthintela uxabana baseTurkey.