Abilmansur Ablay Khan: Biography, imisebenzi kunye neziganeko zembali

Wonke hlanga iinkokeli apho Asikuko nokuba likratshi. Mongolia i Genghis Khan, kuba isiFrentshi - uNapoleon, kuba Russian - Peter I. The Kazakhs loo mntu edume ngumlawuli umphathi Abilmansur Ablay Khan. Biography kunye nemisebenzi yalo mntu sasingumba isifundo sethu.

Imeko ezweni Kazakhs

Phambi kokuba ugqithele ngobomi Ablay Khan, kufuneka achaze ngokufutshane imeko yezopolitiko kwintsimi, umiwe Kazakhs, lwandulelwe ixesha lomsebenzi asebenzayo eli nani obalaseleyo.

Ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane XVII imbali iphela Kazakh Khanate edityaniswa ekulweni ndlongo Dzhungarian. Dzhungars - Mongol isizwe, nto leyo eye ukwazile ukwakha urhulumente enamandla waza wafuna ukuba athathe iinkampu Nomad enkulu ibekwe kwi kummandla Kazakhstan yanamhlanje. Ukususela ngesinyanzeliso abantu bahlupheka ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana Kazakhs. Ngelo xesha dzhungar Akwazi ukuba ndizinyathele imimandla esemazantsi elo lizwe.

Kumzabalazo wokulwa abahlaseli esibumbeneyo Kazak karhulumente ngo-1718 waba zahlulo zithathu - Junior, Aphakathi na- Senior Juz.

Apha kule imeko yezopolitiko wazalwa Ablay.

Imvelaphi kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka Ablay Khan

Ngoku lixesha sifunda okungakumbi ngubani Ablay Khan. ngobomi bakhe iqala ngo 1711. Kungelo xesha ke wazalwa kwintsapho ophucukileyo Kazakh Korkem Ouali-Sultan. Ablay Khan igama emva utatomkhulu wakhe - ngumlawuli adumileyo Senior Juz, esihlalweni kwawo Tashkent. Kodwa ukuzalwa kwakhe igama elahlukileyo - Abilmansur.

Sele eneminyaka elishumi Ablay Khan waphulukana kuyise, owabulawa kokulwa Dzhungars. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wanyanzelwa ukuba uxhomekeke kuphela ngokwabo. Inkwenkwe ibithe yaqeshwa ukuba baluse Tole Bey, ngubani umgwebi enkulu yabantu Kazakh. Ebudeni inkonzo kwi Ablay Khan uye isiteketiso omtsha - ". Ezimdaka" Sabalak, nto leyo ithetha

warlord

Ngenxa yobulukhuni eliphezulu imvelaphi kunye nohlobo Ablay Khan wazuza kholeka phakathi Kazakhs. Xa ngo-1734 i-khan kuMbindi nyambalala yomkhosi waba Abilmambet, wafumana itayitile Sultan kunye nendawo benkokeli emkhosini.

Ekuqaleni nenani-40 kwi-Orenburg Ablay, Abilmambet kunye nabanye abantu eziphawulekayo kuMbindi mkhosi wavuma Protectorate yoBukhosi Russian phezu ngomhlaba wabo. Ngaloo ndlela ke wayenethemba lifune inkxaso amandla kakhulu kumlo ochasene Dzhungars kunye namanye amazwe Central Asia.

Ekuqaleni, imfazwe kwi Dzhungars Ablay esetyenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu, ngokuphumelela uthotho uloyiso phezu kwabo. Kodwa sele ngo-1742 Ablay Khan wazifumana ikhonkxwa, yoyiswa aweza Jungar kwi emlanjeni Ishim. Noko ke, le ekuthinjweni akubanga lilize. Ablay wafunda Jungar inkcubeko, ulwimi, amasiko, wayeqhelene ngokusondeleyo ngumlawuli wabo Galdan Tseren waza waqalisa ngumhlobo Dzhungars emininzi ebonakalayo.

Ngowe-1743, kunye inxaxheba icala Russian, kwakukho kunomfana Ablay kwenye ibanjwa aphezulu.

Ngelo xesha, imeko litshintshile kakhulu. Galdan Tseren wafa, yaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yelizwe agcinwe imikhosi Dzhungars sesiManchu wathimba Qing Dynasty, nabanegunya China. Ngoku ke Kazakhs ngexesha nozimanya ngokupheleleyo kunye iintshaba zabo endala ukulwa umva amaTshayina. Kodwa kungekudala le manyano wahlukana, kwaza kwanyanzeleka Ablay ukuba umfelandawonye ikhaya Qing, yaye ngo-1756 yena kunye Middle anayo Khan eneneni eyaziwayo wayenguphum of China.

Ngowe-1756 buqu Ablay watyelela ikomkhulu Chinese Beijing, apho wamkela umlawuli itayitile liphezulu Wang.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Kazakh inkokeli yomkhosi akazange alahle Protectorate Russian, nonxibelelwano rhoqo nale lizwe wasentla.

Ukwamkelwa isihloko Khan kaThixo

Akukho umdla kangako wakhe elizayo biography. Abylai Khan (Ablai Khan) ngo-1771, Khan wafumana itayitile kuMbindi Juz. Kwathi emva kokufa Abulmambet. Nangona ngokwemveli ilifa itrone wayengomnye nezizalwane oswelekileyo, kunye nabantu bazi kuMbindi-mkhosi wagqiba ukuba isihloko liphezulu ufanelwe Ablay kuphela.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe unamandla okumdambisa inkoliso imimandla bezinye zhuzes ezimbini ukuze walibiza ngokwakhe Enkulu Khan zonke Kazakhs.

Ngelo xesha xa eRashiya lwesifo mvukelo pugacheva Ablay wathabatha nkqubo kakhulu elumkileyo wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Kwelinye icala, wathembisa inkxaso avukele yaye wadibana naye, kodwa kwelinye icala, ukuba iintetho kunye nabameli setrone Russian, waza wabaqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwakhe. uncedo Okwenziweyo Pugachev Ablay, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, akazange waba.

Wayefuna ukwenza inani iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezathi ebekumele ukuba ukukhuthaza ezolimo phakathi Kazakhs kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuba bawuzise ukuhlala phantsi, kodwa wabalekela nokumelana komsindo ukusuka osesikhundleni akubona ezintsha umda amalungelo abo kunye nokuzimela.

ukufa

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe Ablay bebona abangamaziyo ukwamkela wakhe wokuguqula kuguqulo Kazakhs ukuya kwezolimo yokuhlala, asiyeke ngokuzithandela kwaye umhlala ezweni Elder Juz. Wafa ngowe-1781 of izinto zendalo e Tashkent, waza wangcwatywa yamangcwaba ka Khoja Ahmed.

Ablay washiya ngasemva a lot of abantwana. amaduna kuphela kubantu-30.

lemveli

Kazakhs Ndisayikhumbula into wazisa inzuzo enkulu ilizwe labo Ablay Khan. Iibhayografi manani zembali kubantu bonke, kuphela Kazakhs, kodwa memory hero bungcwele ebantwini. Wafumana ezininzi zophononongo Kazakhstan ngaye bhanya phawu onomzi. Kwenye zitampu yaye hlobo 100 Tenge umfanekiso ngoku Ablay Khan. Almaty uye kwisitrato ogama lakhe behlonipha ummeli enkulu yabantu Kazakh.

Le memory of Ablay Khan uya kuphila ngonaphakade.