Umhambi uRobert Scott kunye ngohambo yakhe edumileyo

Robert Scott - IsiNgesi Explorer polar kunye discoverer, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bakhe ukufundisisa Antarctica kunye Pole South. Le nkcazelo abazinikeleyo ukuba uRobert Ukhozi Scott kunye bakhe abane namaqabane entwasahlobo ka-1912 ababevela South Pole wafa kwindlala, ukubanda amazing ngokomzimba nokudinwa.

Imvelaphi kunye nabantwana

Robert Ukhozi Scott wazalwa ngoJulayi 6, 1868 kwi IsiNgesi kwizibuko kwidolophu Davenport. Uyise, Dzhon Skott, ngokungafaniyo nabazalwana babo, abo basebenzayo Navy, waba nempilo enkenenkene, nto leyo wamalela ukuzalisekisa amaphupha akhe. UYohane lalibukele ushishino ukuphisa hayi nentlupheko, kodwa wayanelisekile ngenkankulu kunye ubukho bakhe, iminyaka emininzi baphupha ubomi eliqaqambileyo uxakekile.

Esengumntwana, uRobert, ngubani kanye uyise wakhe, nako kuqhayisa impilo entle, emva kokuva kwamalume wakhe, zonke iintlobo amabali malunga ulwandle, waza walitshisa luvutha yohambo ezikude. Xa imidlalo bakhe ebuntwaneni, wazinikela wempi okhaliphileyo, ngokuzithemba ephambili inqanawa lwakhe kumazwe ngakuphi. Waye kancinci banenkani, wonqena nkqu zixazalala embalwa, kodwa abadala wakhe wafumana amandla okoyisa ezi ntsilelo.

ukubunjwa

Robert Scott wayeyalelwe abaqeqeshelwe ukufunda nokubhala kwi umphathi, kunye neminyaka esibhozo ubudala ababhalise esikolweni. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, esikolweni, ibekwe kwidolophu ekufutshane, le nkwenkwana lokufumana ngokwabo, ihamba phezu ihashe, apho ikhona indawo ekhethekileyo ebomini bakhe.

Isifundo yanikwa Robert oselula akukho lula kakhulu, Noko ke, abazali bakhe kungekudala ndagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye Naval School. Mhlawumbi uyise ngokubala ukuba unyana wakhe, eyiqonda ukuhamba olwandle, ngaloo ndlela wabonisa umdla omkhulu ekufundeni kwaye bakwazi ukufumana imfundo ephucukileyo. Kodwa ke akazange abe ngumfundi okhutheleyo, leyo, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele kuye 1881 ukuba abhaliswe midshipman kwi Royal Navy.

Scott Young ungena endleleni matiloshe. Nolwazi uClement Markham

kweminyaka emibini URobert waya sinduluke enqanaweni uqeqesho Britannia, apho kaloku isikhundla segosa yesigunyaziso. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, wahamba ngendlela vehicles corvette Boadicea, aze ngelo lizayo iphakade-19 efika Rover, ngubani ukuqeqesha inqanawa butho le Navy. Nangona ukuba uRobert Scott - umhambi kwasekuzalweni, ixesha elininzi elwandle, inkonzo engenaso endinomdla kuye, kwaye usatsho nangoku waphupha ukuhamba ezikude amazwe. Kodwa phakathi noogxa bakhe wayenomsebenzi iwonga ethile kunye nentlonipho, ekubeni igama lomntu kokuba iimpawu ezintle kuphela.

Kwaye kanye butho inqanawa wabonakala uClement Markham, ezinefuthe ubomi ngakumbi Robert Scott. Le ndoda nonobhala Society Geographical Royal, waba nomdla kubantu abatsha abanetalente. Okwangoku, baye zicwangciswe uhlanga ezifumaneka ngaphantsi kwisikhephe, apho wafika uphumeleleyo Scott, emva koko wadibana Markham, anikele ingqalelo kuyo.

Kamva uRobert Scott wathabatha khona izifundo zakhe, nto leyo yanceda ukuba kudlula ngempumelelo iimviwo ze ufumane isikhundla uLieutenant. Okulandelayo, wafunda izibalo kunye nokuhamba, deck ityala am yaye wathabatha izifundo zolawulo umlilo zokudubula.

Ngowe-1899, uyise ibhala wafa, ngoko sombutho oselula kwabonakala umkhosi izinto ezintsha, ezishiye ixesha elincinane kuyo. Kweli xesha kwakunzima kuye, adibana Markham kwaye sifunde kuye malunga hambo olulandelayo Antarctica. Ngoncedo Robert kungekudala ingenisa ingxelo, apho uchaza umnqweno wayo ukukhokela le nkampani.

Eyokuqala uhambo ukuya Antarctic

Ngenkxaso Markham ngo-1901, uRobert Falcon Scott, lowo ngelo xesha ukuba wonyuselwa isikhundla umphathi abakuluhlu 2, oqeshwe yintloko Yokuqala British National Antarctic uhambo, ugqibelele kwi Discovery enqanaweni. Ngowe-1902, Ababehamba singoyisa umbhinqo we iphekhi ice kunye batyhobozele emdeni Victoria loMhlaba. Ekubeni Umhlaba uKumkani yafunyanwa ngama Edward VII. I uhambo, olwaqhubeka kwaze-1904, kwenziwa izifundo ezininzi.

Ekubeni iziphumo zeli phulo zifanelekile kakhulu, igama Scott ufumana notoriety abanye ngezangqa ezithile. Abaphandi baye bakwazi ukuqokelela ezininzi izinto ezinhle nkqu ukufumana iifosili yezityalo akwi ixesha ephakamileyo ekuthiwa-(kwiminyaka yezigidi 65-1,8 eyadlulayo), eyaba yakhawuleza yokwenene yenzululwazi. Xa ilizwi, uRobert Scott uye walungiselela izazinzulu omninzi umsebenzi omtsha.

bokuphila entsha

Ukususela ngoko igama noRoberta Skotta ziba wazihlanganisa kunye Antarctic, ngoxa yena ngokwakhe, bafumane amava, waqala ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zale mihla ziyilelwe ukuba kube lula ukuhamba kweemeko ezibandayo. Phakathi emsebenzini, uRobert waya sokudla ukuba wamema ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Kwenye iziganeko zentlalo wadibana Ketlin Bryus (nomkroli), ngo-1908 waba ngumfazi wakhe. Kunyaka olandelayo, bayizalela unyana, ogama uPeter Markham.

Ukulungiswa uhambo entsha

Phantse xeshanye ngokuzalwa, unyana wakhe isaziso ukulungiselela uhambo entsha Scott, uneenjongo ukoyisa i-South Pole. Robert Scott kubonisa ukuba ezinzulwini izimbiwa Antarctic, kwaye ngexesha elinye eMelika, kukho Ukulungiselela lweshishini efanayo, kodwa zokwenza imali eziyimfuneko ukuze umbutho kule hambo, akuzange kube lula kakhulu ukuba kufunyanwa.

Iphulo ukuze kunyuswe ingxowa-mali hambo ka-Scott waphila emva odumileyo Robert likaPeary ngo-1909, babhengeza ukoyisa of the North Pole, uye wavakalisa injongo yayo ukufezekisa kunye South. Ukongeza, oko kwazeka ukuba amaJamani nazo uza yokuhamba ngale ndlela. Amalungiselelo ohambo IsiNgesi waba swing ngokupheleleyo, esisebenze noRobert Scott, ogama engobomi, Noko ke, iintetho ngaye njengomntu ngenkuthalo nokuzimisela. Kuthiwa le nto yokuqala awayecinga kunokuba malunga kwekota lwenzululwazi ngaphezu eloyisile South Pole.

Ukuqala hambo Terra Nova

Ngu ukuwa-1910, uRobert Scott iye ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo hambo, yaye kwaphuma sele 2 Septemba inqanawa Terra Nova kwindawo yokuqubha. I uhambo inqanawa eya eOstreliya waza weza ke New Zealand. Januwari 3, 1911 Terra Nova kufika McMurdo Sound, ibekwe kufuphi Victoria Land. Kungekudala, abahambi bafumana Camp Roald Amundsen (polar umnini Explorer-irekhodi Norwegian), ngoko kuqala afika South Pole.

November 2 waqala ukukhuthazwa enzima esibondeni. Snowmobiles, apho abathunywa wayebathembe eziphakamileyo, kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kuba babesebenza kuyo nokukhuthazwa Toros. Little Kwakhona waphila kwizinto ezilindelweyo kuzo, ngoko ke kwakufuneka ukuba ndilale, yaye abantu banyanzeleka ukuba ukutsala umthwalo onzima, kufuneka ukuba wenze i uhambo. Robert Scott, waziva uxanduva namaqabane akhe, wagqiba ukuthumela bosixhenxe umva. Kwalandela ezintlanu: Robert ngokwakhe, namagosa Genri Bauers, uLawrence Oates kunye Edgar Evans, kwakunye gqirha Edward Wilson.

Ukufikelela usukelo okanye ukulahlekelwa?

Nabahambi sekufike injongo kaJanuwari 17, 1912, kodwa oko zabo nokudana xa ebona ukuba kwiphulo Amundsen watyelela apha kudala phambi kwabo - oko kukuthi, ngoDisemba 14, 1911. ENorway Scott ushiye iphetshana apho wacela ukuba xa kuthe yokufa kwabo, wathi ukumkani Norway ngenxa ngempumelelo yabo. Akwaziwa ukuba uhlobo iimvakalelo elaye loyisa ngayo iintliziyo IsiNgesi, kodwa kulula mabaqashele ukuba zaphela kungekuphela nje ngokwenyama kodwa ngengqondo, njengoko wabhala kwidayari yakhe, uRobert Scott. Photo, eboniswe ngezantsi, wenziwa ngoJanuwari 18 - imini xa bahambi babuyela. Lo mfanekiso yaba wokugqibela.

Kodwa kwafuneka ukuba ukoyisa indlela umva, ngoko ke uhambo Terra Nova, nokwenza onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko zabe iflegi British ecaleni Norwegian amabombo kwicala lasemantla. Phambi kwabo bemlindile phantse omnye kunye ophosa ngendlela nesiqingatha nzima, apho warehouses ezilishumi kunye izinto zilungelelaniswe.

abahambi ukufa

Le bahambi bafuduka yempahla yokugcina, ngokuthe ngcembe obmorazhivaya imilenze kunye namandla ukulahlekelwa. Wafa February 17, Edgar Evans, ngubani ngaphambili, eya kweyela crevasse kwaye betha intloko yakhe. Okulandelayo wafa Lawrence Oates, imilenze bawo kakubi zaqina, ngenxa leyo nje akaba nako ukuqhubeka ukuya phambili. NgoMatshi 16, wabaxelela bakhe amaqabane ukuba ufuna ukuhamba, ngoko bonke baya kungena ebumnyameni, engafuni ukulibaziseka kwabanye ndibe ngumthwalo. Umzimba wakhe akazange wafunyanwa.

Scott, Wilson and Bowers baqhubeka nendlela yabo, kodwa km 18 kuphela ukusuka kwindawo eziphambili babambisa isaqhwithi esikhulu. Ukutya uphelelwa, yaye abantu ndidiniwe kangangokuba akwazi ukuhamba kuzo. Bhuqe akazange aphelise, Ababehamba banyanzeleka ukuba bahlale balinde. NgoMatshi 29, emva kokuchitha ngeli xesha iintsuku ezisithoba, omathathu wafa yindlala yaye kubanda. Ngelishwa, Roberta Skotta hambo kwi-South Pole yaphela ngendlela embi kakhulu.

Ukufunyanwa kwe kwiphulo elahlekileyo

Rescue mission, aye afune ziintlolazwe ezingekhoyo, bafumana kwiinyanga ezisibhozo kuphela kamva. Ententeni, ukufuya kubo kukugodola, umoya nekhephu, ekugqibeleni waba engcwabeni labo. Ukuba nabancedi wabona wanyikima ukuba emqolo: ezibhityileyo abahambi lonke ithwele nabo ingqokelela sixabisekileyo zejoloji, elalinobunzima-15 kg. Baye ke bengasenabuganga ukuyeka nomthwalo nemiboniso zabo. Ngokutsho ubungqina nabancedi, uRobert Scott batshabalala yakutshanje.

Xa blog yakhe yokugqibela amangeno ngu Scott wabongoza ukuba ashiye ababathandayo. Kwakhona kucelwa ukuba kwidayari yanikwa umfazi wakhe. Kwimizuzu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, waqonda ukuba inkoliso kuphinda Ndiyokumbona kwaye wabhala ileta eya kuye, ecela Kathleen ukuba alumkise unyana wabo oselula ngaphandle sobuvila. Ngapha koko, wakha unyanzelekile ukuba ukulwa esi ebuhlungu imeko. Kamva, unyana ka-Robert Peter Scott sele iphumelele iziphumo ezinkulu, waba edumileyo Scientist-eziphilayo.

isiphelo

The British wafunda ntlekele, nabonakalisa uvelwano bakowabo abafa bangamaqhawe. Ngokuthi kuqokelelwe imali iminikelo sele iqokelelwe, kwanele ukuba ukunika iintsapho ubukho polar bekhululekile.

Uhambo Roberta Skotta echazwe iincwadi eziliqela. Eyokuqala kuzo - "kuqubha kwi Discovery" - wabhala ngokwakhe. nayo yapapashwa enye, ezisekelwe phezu iidayari ka-Scott kunye nokuchaza ngohambo yakhe kwi-South Pole, umzekelo, "Le hambo yokugqibela R. Scott" Huxley "Uhambo ezimbi" Cherry E. Howard.

Kuhleli kuphela ukongeza ukuba abahloli, ikhokelwa ngu Robert Scott, wenza feat zobuqhawe ngokwenene, ukuze amagama abo aya kusoloko kuhlala kwinkumbulo abantu.