Mbono Business: isondo ri

Ngamnye wethu uyazi ukuba isithuthi onokuyenza ngaphandle amavili. Noko ke, asingabo bonke ucinga apho wenza emoto kunxitywe. Kukho iindlela ezimbini: noba waseTire wathumela etiphini ze ngaloo ndlela zingcolise okusingqongileyo okanye kusetyenzwa. Singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba wamavili a ezingcolisa kuyingozi, ngoko ke usoloko uzama ukulahla. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, kukho zonke ezifuneka phambili ukuze ngokudala mveliso yakho encinane yakhe, apho kuya kwenziwa sidinwe zinokuphinda zisebenziseke njani.

Yintoni bonke abantu kufanele bazi

Qho ngonyaka inani ezimotweni iindlela inyuke nge-5-10%. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oko konyusa ixabiso waseTire, banxibe ngu tonnes malunga 1 yezigidi. Kumazwe amaninzi, umba ku ri kuyingozi kakhulu. Okunye ukusombulula le ngxaki kungaba xa nokumisa obabo imveliso yawo abasakhasayo. Wena iindlela eziliqela kuphuhliso loshishino. Umzekelo, kusenokuba ekusetyenzweni amavili imoto okanye mixture oyile. Ukuba unqwenela ukufumana amafutha, kufuneka ukuchitha imali engaphezulu kancinane, ngokuba umgca yemveliso kuyingozi kakhulu. Qaphela ukuba awukwazi ukusebenza kunye amavili kuphela, kodwa kananjalo iimveliso zeplastiki abanye ukwanda inzuzo. Kule ishishini kukho ezimbalwa iingenelo engenakuphikwa, ngoku sijonga ngamnye kubo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuba athele eninzi imali yokuthenga izinto ekrwada. Oku kungenxa yokuba ivili eligugileyo iphoswe. abasemagunyeni bendawo, ukuba Kakade ke, nisithi notya ntoni eziphilayo kuloo mzi, ngaba kuko konke. Kodwa loo nto zonke; kuba umasipala ilungele ukuba ohlwaywe ngenxa yentlungu lweshishini okurisayikilisha yakho amavili ziya kwenziwa. Uyavuma ukufumana phantse ezamahala yorhwebo, kodwa ukwenza inzuzo evela yokuba ukuba benza lo msebenzi, embi kakhulu. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi kuphela apho, ngenxa yokuba injongo yethu engundoqo - ukugcina kuphela okusingqongileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana inzuzo net. iimali ezinkulu ziya kuza evela kwintengiso yeoli amafutha enye, nto leyo uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu amafutha kwezolimo. Hi ndlela leyi, izixhobo ezamahala, ungafumana ngeengongoma Tyre, kwizixeko ezinkulu ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo. Le nto ukuba izikhululo abasebenzi njalo njalo. N. Hlawula imali eyongezelelweyo zokususwa lwamavili ezindala kunye nokuchithwa kwazo.

Ukwenza ntsha kwakhona amasondo irabha "for" yaye "nxamnye"

Asinako ndingathethi lizwi malunga yokuba le niche nangoku ngokupheleleyo. Inani noosomashishini kule nkundla lincinane, malunga nama-20% ye-index kangangoko. Apha siye sikhumbule ukuba sesihlanu kuphela yerabha eligugileyo wachacha kwaye erisayikilishiweyo, abanye eya etiphini. kufuneka baqonde ukuba 1000 buziikhilogram amavili elinyukayo - yi-450 kg imimoya enetyhefu ezahlukeneyo umle 250-270 neekhilogram. Kodwa ukuba inani elifanayo iirubber kakuhle ilahlwe, le imigodi lunokufumaneka 700 kilograms iirubber ophezulu-grade, nto leyo enokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amafutha kunye neemveliso irabha. Ngoko yenza nantsingiselo ukuthetha isikali lwamashishini mveliso, kodwa apha sisityalo processing encinane ukulungisa wamavili kunokwenzeka.

Ngokwawo, isakhiwo incinane kakhulu, kodwa ke ubukhulu balo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi imithamo yemveliso. Ngoko ke, xa kusingathwa neetoni 5 ngosuku lwe kuyimfuneko emajukujukwini izikwere 18 no-10 eemitha ubude. Ngesakhiwo kufuneka ibe indawo yokugcina apho ugcina amavili, iiplastiki njalo njalo. E. Kudingeka ukuba babekho inxalenye izinto pretreatment ekrwada (ukucoca, yerabha ukugawula). Musa ukwenza ngaphandle indawo yokugcina iimveliso ugqibile. Kulo mzekelo, konke oko kuxhomekeke koko ufumana. Oku kunokuba carbon emnyama, i-oyile njalo-njalo. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi ioli kuya kufuneka ukuba uthenge ezininzi iitanki obunamandla. Bona akunyanzelekanga ukuba abatsha, ngakumbi ukuthenga elisetyenziselwa / y, ngoko sitshiphu. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-processing lwamavili zerabha - yinto ezinzima neziyingozi. Ngoko ke, lo ubuchwepheshe kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Makhe sithethe ngalo.

inkqubo

Enyanisweni, akukho deal enkulu, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukulawula inkqubo kuzo zonke izigaba imveliso. Ekuqaleni, kufuneka uqale ukuqokelela amavili. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ubasuse ukuya yokugcina lweshishini kuqhubekeko oluphambili. Ukuthintela umonakalo isikere, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa cheap, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola zonke izinto phambi bezinto zesinyithi, ezifana adume ngazo okanye izangqa. Ngokumalunga isixhobo ukusika, ngoko Kungakuhle kufuneka ibe phezu izikere hydraulic, kodwa oko akutsho ukuthi, siza sithethe kancinane emva koko. Ngaphezu koko elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo ngamatayara ukuya reactor - uncedo olukhethekileyo amavili recycling, noqhuba kubushushu elinikiweyo, abaninzi ngokuqhelekileyo degrees 450 Celsius. Le yokubola kukhokelela into yokuba sibe iimveliso ezimbalwa semi-ogqityiweyo ezifana amaqhezu negesi, intsimbi, amafutha ezithuthi.

Igesi efanayo esetyenziswa ukuxhasa iwuse kwi ezikweni nje amafutha eceleni. inkunkuma yayo angene bume. Awukwazi bawabize isisombululo elungileyo, kodwa nokukhululwa ikhumbuza iigesi elorini inkunkuma. Ke ubunzima Elokugqiba ngoko udlula a umahluli nosiba, ukuba amagama alula, ngoko ohluzwe ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungulo. Metal izinto bayiyeka kwaye ithunyelwe yokugcina. oil amafutha Heavy ihanjiswa yi yombhobho netanki apho amafutha iya kugcinwa phambi kokuba izinto ziyhunyelwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ufakelo yokurisayikilisha lwamavili, nto leyo evumela ukuba ufumane pyrolysis oyile, abiza kakhulu - malunga ne-2 million engange. ukusebenza kwayo - malunga 5 amawaka njengeetoni ze-oyile ekrwada ngosuku, bezizininzi ..

Ukuveliswa mixture yerabha

Kwaye nantsi olunye uluvo umdla ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo akakakwamkeli unikezelo eyiyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umongo weli shishini kukuba uya kuthengisa yerabha ukusilwa zize zilungelelaniswe, enokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Nawe ngayo ukuqonda ukuba ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba zazise intsebenzo iyonke la manani. Ngoko ke, iitoni mixture rubber kwimarike Russian uya kube uxabisa sabakho ngaphezu kwama-20 000 engange. Ngokumalunga kubathengi ezinkulu, ukuba iinkampani zokwakha, abenzi bemveliso irabha, izixhobo zokwakha, Ipeyinti kunye nokwakhiwa nezixhobo zemidlalo njalo njalo. N. In mgaqo, kwindawo ethengisela ilula ukufumana.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe ingqalelo kwakhona yokuba eRashiya nyaka ngamnye iphoswe malunga namawaka 700-800. Iitoni amavili inkunkuma. Malunga 20-25% sisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, yonke enye into okanye lulele nje kugcwaliswa amadama okanye ukutshiselwa. Ngoko ke, okutsha lwamavili zibe kwiimvuthuluka lungadala 5-8 billion, kodwa ke isikali mveliso. Ukuba ulala nje wokulahlwa kwalo manzi amdaka, uya kudinga isityumzi ngomatshini kwi-mveliso. izixhobo Ukucanda kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela iindleko eziphezulu. Enye ethile yale mbono kukuba odla umbane omninzi, malunga 500 kilowatts ngetoni nganye imveliso ogqityiweyo nganye. Noko ke, processing of auto-sidinwe ngendlela kuya kuba yingenelo. Kodwa kuphela xa ufumana inkxaso efanelekileyo evela kurhulumente.

Izixhobo for amasondo processing

Ngokwahlukeneyo kufuneka ukuthetha ngayo, ukusuka apho umgca yethu imveliso iya kuba. Enyanisweni, izixhobo ayikho kakhulu, yaye ilula kwaphela. Kunjalo, ixabiso "ukuluma". unit Main -. Esi sityalo tire ri (reactor), ukuphakama kuyimitha-10, ububanzi buziimitha 3.5, ubude 5 m Faka i-unit kufuneka kwindawo evulekileyo phantsi izulu livulekile kuphela. Wena, njengokuba ngusomashishini elizayo kufuneka siqonde ukuba kufuneka uhlawule imali eninzi umbane. -Reactor ngokwayo lutyabula malunga 6 kilowatt ngeyure nganye. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona isikere - 7-8 kW / h. Enyanisweni, kuya kuba phantse zonke izixhobo oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqale kwimveliso. Yintoni efunekayo i crucibles ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukothula umbandela ifunyenwe.

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, le reactor ngaba inobunzima obumalunga nama-5 kwiitoni ngosuku. Kodwa kule ubunzima malunga-40% iya kuba yesibaso solwelo. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa yokubola ufumana gas (malunga ton) kwaye kwezinye iitoni 0.5 ngentambo ngentsimbi. Umntu akufuneki silibale ngayo intsalela eziqinileyo (material carbon), nto leyo malunga ne-30% yeemveliso iyonke. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba okutsha lwamavili elidala eli reactor oluqhutywa kwindlela okuqhubekayo. Konke kufuneka wenze - kukuba ukongeza ivili. Omlilo ixhaswa ngaphakathi irhasi eveliswe eziko. Ukuze isebenze i-reactor babe ziingcali ezimbini abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa. Enyanisweni, izifundo zoqeqesho angaya ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye ngoku masihambe phambili ajonge iingongoma ezithile ezibaluleke ngakumbi.

Kufuneka njani imali elingakanani ukuqala?

Lo ngomnye wemiba ephambili ukuba unomdla ngokupheleleyo zonke wabaqalayo. iindleko High akukho mfuneko apha. Ukuba uza kuthenga b / Equipments (reactor, izikere), ungagcina ukuya kwi-20% yamanqaku ewonke. Kubalulekile ukuthatha elo nyathelo okanye akunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuwe. Akukho siqinisekiso ukuba reactor esetyenziswayo ingasebenziyo emva ubushushu yokuqala. Kule akukho mntu ityala liya kuhlawula umonakalo. Kuba yonke into kufuneka yanele ukuba engange kwesigidi. Oku kuquka iindleko reactor amandla neetoni-5 / imini, kwakunye isikere. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ukuba zithenge iitanki ezininzi (iitoni 60). Ukuba kuya kuba b / y amandla, le Unit kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ezinye 25 000 engange. Zingaphi amaqhosha kufuneka ucinge ngokuba wena, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba maluphelele kwiitanki omnye okanye emibini. Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo lwamavili zibe amafutha - ishishini onyaka.

Ngexesha lokudodobala amaxabiso amafutha kubhetele ukuba athengise, kodwa yande kuphela. Xa kufika ixesha lokuba ukukhulisa, kwaye oko kuya kwenzeka ngokuyimfuneko, unako ukufumana ingeniso elungileyo ngokuthengisa lonke ioli kwangoko. Loo sicwangciso kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni kunye ngempumelelo ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka ngumkhenkce ngokupheleleyo intengiso, ngokwaneleyo ukuze kucutheke kuzo 50-75%. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlawule abasebenzi. Ezine specialist liya kuxabisa malunga 60 lamawaka engange nyanga nganye, yaye izixhobo ze basebenze iimpahla - esinye 50 amawaka. Kukho kwakhona iindleko rhoqo ngenyanga: umbane, iirhafu, iintlawulo zengqeshiso, etc ...

Malunga imali emiselwe

Njengoko ubona, ubugcisa ivili eyomileyo ibonakala ngcono. Apha akukho ongeziweyo amafutha, reactions imichiza entsonkothileyo kunye nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ngumqolo simahla eziphathekayo. Maxa wambi nkqu phezu ukuqokelelwa lwamavili uyakwazi ukufumana imali ukuba uza kuhlawula iindleko umbane ngenyanga. Ukuba uhlala kweli phondo, akuthandeki ukuba uza kuhlawula ukuyihlaziya, kodwa kwizixeko ezinkulu le meko yahluke kakhulu. Kukho amashishini ukuba ahlawule imali elungileyo zokurisayikilishwa irabha. Oku kungenxa yokuba zokulahla ezininzi zikamasipala azivumi ulwamkelo inkunkuma enjalo. Ngexesha lokulungiswa iitoni amavili ungafumana isixa eyahlukileyo engange-2 ukuya ku-5 amawaka.

Kukhuselekile ukuba nkqu ri ivili ekhaya iya kuzisa ingeniso elungileyo. Umzekelo, Ndiziva abathengi carbon libya bakulungele ukuhlawula 3000 engange. Ezilahliweyo thatha umlinganiselo engange-4 / t, neoli amafutha -. 3-4 amawaka engange ngetoni nganye, kuxhomekeke kwixesha. Ngokwezibalo elula siyakwazi ukubona ukuba kwinyanga edlulileyo, uya imali malunga 350 000-400 000. Malunga nama-50% imfuneko ukuhlawula umbane, ahlawule abasebenzi, njalo njalo. N. Nge umgca ngolu hlobo ngenkqubo lwamavili uya kubuyekezwa iinyanga ezintandathu, oko ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Njengoko ubona, ingcamango umdla kwaye bethembisa, kodwa hayi elula kangaka. Kulo msebenzi, njengoko, eneneni, naliphi na, kukho ezininzi imigibe. Makhe sibone ukuba iphutha njani na.

Iingxaki nge ukuqala ishishini

Oko nje Awukwazi ukufumana umhlaba simahla. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuyimfuneko ukugcina umgama onokhuselo ukusuka kumakhaya zokuhlala, oziimitha ezili-300. Ziqhubeka isityalo esixekweni, kokukhona iindleko lokuthumela izinto, musa ukulibala ngayo. Yaye khumbula ukuba wonke umntu ufuna ukuba iifestile lwaqhutywa sidinwe zinokuphinda zisebenziseke njani. Izimvo abemi eziqhelekileyo elibi kwanokuba reactor ta kuma kumgama oziimitha 400 abasuka kwiindawo zokuhlala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, ifuna indawo kwindawo yemveliso. Kungenzeka, uya kumfumana; ngokuba kakhulu Zininzi iindawo ezingenanto. Konke ekufuneka - kukuba ukuthethana ngqo inkampani, njengoko umthetho, akwenze kunzima kangaka. Noko ke, kulula kakhulu kunokuba ukugqiba isivumelwano kunye abacimi kunye namaziko nogutyulo.

Musa ukulibala ukuba udinga ilayisenisi kwenkunkuma. Fumana uxwebhu nokugunyazisa kulula, njengoba amavili hayi izinto eziyingozi (Group 4). Kodwa ke kuyekela kukuba imveliso yakho ngokusemthethweni kungcolisa umoya. Kungenzeka, uya kucelwa (ngenkani) ukuthenga isityalo unyango. ixabiso layo edla izihlandlo eziliqela mkhulu isityalo yonke. Kodwa ke kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokukunceda ukuba alibazise ukuthenga ngexesha elithile. Iingcali zithi bekungalunganga ukuvula isityalo processing nasiphi na isixhobo. Njengalo okanye akunjalo, isigqibo ngokwakho. Nakweyiphi ingxaki, ungasoloko ukwandisa ivenkile yakho, ndininyibilikise iglasi apho, iplastiki okanye wentsimbi. Ngokutsho manani, 75% abarhwebi sijongene kwezenkolo, ngubani bakulumkele olu hlobo kwimveliso.

A iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo

Njengokuba kuphawuliwe ephakamileyo kancinci, uya kufumanisa ukuba "iindleko esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili" nto iya kuvela kwisicwangciso sakho zoshishino. Oku kungenxa yokuba imfuneko ukusombulula imiba kwemvelo abacimi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukugcinwa yeoli amafutha kwi amatanki iimfuno ezintsha kuphela isikhusele, kodwa b y umthamo / zifuna ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo. imigca apha yaye ngokukhethekileyo amafutha kunye negesi, kunye nemiyalelo kubasebenzi ukhuseleko emlilweni, kwaye ngaphezulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhelane kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe ezilikhulu ambalwa amawaka. Oku kuya konga ixesha iimbandezelo ezininzi. Amanqaku neendleko zinkulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa sele igqunyiweyo, kwaye mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kuya kujongwana nazo.

Musa ukulibala ukuba ibe yinkokeli kufuneka nje bagcine indlela abaqeshwa bakho, kodwa ukwenza inani neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo. Phakathi kwabo: nophuhliso gqolo ukukhula kwemida lweshishini, accounting kunye accounting irhafu, kwakunye hlengiso iinjongo kunye nezicwangciso elizayo. ebhengeza impahla yakho - Kweli nqaku, ingongoma ebalulekileyo engakhankanywanga. Kukho iinketho ezininzi. Omnye wabo - ukudala umxholo website yakho apho ukwazi ukunikela ioli, njl mntu urhoxisiwe iintengiso kwiipali, iibhasi kunye umi ... De kube ngoku, kuba indlela elungileyo nolunyanisekileyo ukuvakalisa ngokwabo kakhulu. Ukongeza, kuba imali ngegama, unako ukuqesha ibhilibhodi kunye beka iintengiso zabo khona. Hi ndlela leyi, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngobulumko. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuzithwalisa imithwalo inkcazelo eninzi kakhulu, kodwa kutsala umdla obunokubakho kubaphulaphuli.

isiphelo

Ngoko sathetha nawe ngento kusetyenzisiwe ivili nendlela ukuvula ishishini. Njengoko ubona, yonke ilula, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba kunzima ukufumana umboneleli, okanye yokugqibela wala ukunika nje amathayara ubudala, kwaye ufuna imali kubo. Enyanisweni, unako ukufumana enye, ndawo ingundoqo ngakumbi apho lowo doti excess iya konwaba kuphela kakhulu ukuba bahlukane, kodwa kukunika imali phantsi endleleni. Ngamanye amaxesha yenza kusengqiqweni ukugqiba isivumelwano ukunikezelwa swi kota. Ngoko ukuphelisa kwemitshini ishishini labo nokunyusa ingeniso. Ke zonke ezi zinto kufuneka thethwana ngqo kwishishini-kumthengisi. Khumbula ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukufumana kwindawo yentengiso isondo, kunokuba usomashishini, lowo ukulungele ukuba athenge le nkunkuma. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye emizi reactor nokuhlawulwa isondo ayikho kwaphela.

Ukuba ufumana kuneoli elungileyo, ngoko esijolise kwibhoyila kamasipala okanye labucala. Apho uya kufumana ukuzonwabisa amafutha ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ukufudumeza amanzi. Ukuba uza kufumana mixture irabha, kuya kufuneka iindleko umatshini engange malunga 500 000. ukusetyenziswa kombane 1 ton - 90 kW. Engxakini kule ndlela kukuba iqela iincakuba (pieces 40) Unxiba emva kokuqhutyelwa amakhulu amavili, njalo basoloko ukutshintsha. Enyanisweni, omnye imela kufuneka inikwe engange-30 kuphela, nto leyo encinci. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo oyi kweebhasi 20 ngeyure nganye ohlawulela malunga ezintandathu iinyanga. Iziphumo ziyafana ekuveliseni i-oyile zamafutha. Kodwa kwimeko yokuqala, ngaphantsi ingxaki kunye kwemvelo abacimi, njengokuba thina sisebenzisana nayiphi na inkunkuma emoyeni okanye yesibaso solwelo. Kaloku, isimiso, zonke kulo mbandela. Eyona nto kunzima - kukuba ukuqala, yaye ke ngoko kuya kuba lula kakhulu.