Isakhiwo sekhontrakthi seZakhiwo zikaRhulumente zoBukumkani kunye nembali yayo

Izakhiwo zemizi - yile nto eyahlula iNew York ukusuka kwezinye iidolophu. I-metropolis ekhangayo kakhulu kubakhenkethi inekhadi lokutyelela, eliya kuqatshelwa ngumntu wonke.

Isakhiwo esiphezulu salo sixeko saba ngumqondiso oyintloko "welikhulu lehlabathi", ebonisa ubungqina obungabonakaliyo baseMelika.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuqala eziphakamileyo

1889 ibhalwe ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokwakha i-skyscraper eNew York. Iminyaka engamashumi amane kweso sixeko kwakukho izakhiwo eziphezulu, kodwa ngoMeyi 1, 1931, ukuvulwa kwe-Build State State Buildings, okuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi lokwakha, kwenzeka. Iingcango zalo zavuleka kubo bonke abatyeleli isakhiwo esingafaniyo.

Kwiminyaka emininzi, akukho lwakhiwo kwihlabathi elinokubetha ukuphumelela kwabakhi baseMerika.

Umlando owawunikela igama lomuzi kunye nekhredithi

Kukho ibali elincamisayo, ngokubhekiselele kwindlela umqhubi waseNgilandi uHenry Hudson, ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe, wayedabula umlambo, owawuthabatha igama lakhe kamva. Wayemangaliswa ubuhle nobukhulu bendawo, waza wamemeza esithi: "Nguwo lo mbuso omtsha!" Oku kuthetha ukuba "Lo ngubukhosi obutsha".

Kamva, umbuso waseNew York waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "umbuso", kwaye i-skyscraper eyakhiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Empire State Buildings, ihambelana ngokufutshane nomzi.

Imbali yokumiswa

Isiqalo sokuqala sehlabathi, apho ama-102 amabali amade angama-443 emitha, eyakhiwa ngomnyaka owodwa nje. Kwakusungulwe okokuqala ukuba yenze indawo yokubhukuda, kodwa kamva le ngcamango enhle yashiywe ngenxa yemimoya yamandla.

Imbali yokudalwa kwe-skyscraper ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-upsurge yezoqoqosho zama-1920, eyabangela ukuba kubekho uqobo lwezokwakha. Ukwanda okukhawulezayo kwintengo yomhlaba kuye kwabangela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezininzi ezakhiwe kwizinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe.

Iziqendu zokuqwalasela

Ngomhla we-86 kunye nokugqibela, kuma-102nd, kuneziqonga zokubona, kwaye ukufika apho, abakhenkethi bamele iiyure eziliqela. Ixabiso letikiti zokutyelela kwabo liqala ukusuka kwiidola ezingamashumi amabini.

Ngezihlandlo zoqoqosho ezinzima, ukuzibulala kufike apha, kwaye izibalo ezibuhlungu zichaza ngokufa kwabantu abangama-40.

Kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu i-spire ibonakala ekungeneni kweNew York, apho kufakwe khona izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zethelevishini kunye nomsakazo, kunye nabemi abahlala kwizigidi ezisixhenxe ze-metropolitan bafumana isignali kuyo.

Inkqubo yokukhanyisa ephakamileyo

Isakhiwo esiqingqiweyo soBukumkani baseKhaya (eNew York) sihle kakhulu emva kobumnyama. Ukukhanyiswa ngenxa yenkqubo yonke, ephethe izibane ezine-400, iyakubonisa umbono ozukileyo. Ngendlela, imibala iyaziwa kwangaphambili, ngokuqhelekileyo ivalwe kwiimeko ezithile zenkcubeko kunye neeholide zedolophu.

Kuze kube ngo-2012, iziqulatho zezikhukhula zingenza ipelette yemibala emithandathu kuphela. Kodwa emva kokusungulwa kwenkqubo entsha yokukhanyisa okuvelisa imibala engaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi elinesibhozo, nokuba i-pastel, iziphumo ezahlukeneyo "eziphilayo" ziya kumangalisa abahambi abanokuqonda. Ukugqithisa ngezibane ezikhanyayo i-skyscraper iya kunika into ekhunjulwayo, ngoko akukho tyelelo oludlula kwiindawo eziphambili ze-metropolis.

Kuphi iGovernment State Buildings?

Ikhadi lebhizinesi laseNew York lifumaneka kwintlupheko yeFifth Avenue kunye neSitrato se-34 eMidtown Manhattan (eMidtown Manhattan).

Izitishi ze-metro eziseduze ukuya kwi-skracraper zi: 34th Street - Herald Square.

Inyaniso

• Ngomhla we-Depression Great, i-skyscraper ibonakale i-Kingdom State Building (ukuguqulelwa kwegama elivakala ngathi "Ukwakhiwa kombuso wombuso"), bemi ixesha elide lingenalutho. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi, iiofisi zazingenanto, kwaye iminyaka engamashumi amabini isakhiwo asizange senze inzuzo, eyayivuyisayo kakhulu ngabaqhubi abaphezulu.
• Ngaphezulu kwekota kunye neentsuku ezingamashumi amane anesihlanu, kwakhiwe malunga neyesithathu nesiqingatha lamawaka abafuduki bevela eYurophu, babonwa njengabantu abanenhlanhla ngokwenene, kuba ngamaxesha obunzima bezomnotho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bathole umsebenzi. AmaNdiya ayemi ngokwawo, abengazi ukuba ukwesaba iindawo eziphakamileyo waza wasebenza ngaphandle kwinshurensi.
• Isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke esi sixeko sinobunzima obungama-365 000, kwaye isakhiwo sensimbi, esasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngelo xesha, sisekela iindonga, ezinezitena ezizigidi ezilishumi.
• Ukuxhotyiswa ngamaphakheji angama-73 aphakamileyo, izakhiwo zikaRhulumente zoBukumkani zibukeka ngathi ziyikhekhe lomtshato. I-floor above "kakhulu icinezelekile" ngobukhulu bayo kwaye inendawo encinci kakhulu kunezona ezantsi. Ukuze ufike kubo, kufuneka uyanqande i-ladder, elinezigaba ezili-1860. Kwaye akumangalisi ukuba ukususela ngowe-1978 ezemidlalo zangaphakathi zisebenza kumgangatho we-86, kwaye irekhodi lokukhawuleza eliwunqumlayo umgama omangalisayo alizange litshathwe ngo-2003.
• Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu kunye nenani elikhulu labantu abasebenza kwiiofisi, isebe leposi lelizwe linikezele i-index eyahlukileyo kwi-skyscraper.

Isakhiwo esikhulu sezakhiwo zaseburhulumenteni zoBukumkani boBukumkani boBukumkani boMnye wezakhiwo ezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi, ubukhulu becala buvalelwa ngabo bonke abakhona. Ummangaliso wokwenene wehlabathi lanamhlanje ube yinto yokwakha inkolo, ukhangela izigidi zabavakhenkethi abaphuphayo ukuzonwabisa nemiba yaseNew York kwimbono yeentaka. Umfanekiso othakazelisayo, ngokutsho kweendwendwe zesimboli se-metropolis yaseMelika, ihlala ikhunjulwe ixesha elide.