Isamente Aluminous: ukwakheka, iimpawu, isicelo

Enye kakhulu eziyimfuneko kunye nezinto ibalulekileyo ukwakhiwa samente. Isetyenziswa eyimveliso asbestos-yesamente, ikhonkrithi kwaye luqiniswe izinto eziphathekayo, mortars. Ngu isamente lwenzelwe iqela arhente hydraulic esibophelelayo, apho inxenye kubonisiwe aluminates kunye silicates akhiwa ngexesha lokulungiswa raw materials kwiqondo eliphezulu wayicola ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye.

iimpawu ukwakheka

Kusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada lekalika ecocekileyo kunye webauxite. Laba iliwa, nto leyo ubunjwe ukungcola kunye carbohydrate. Bauxite wazuza ngokubanzi endle industrial ekuveliseni adsorbents, refractories, aluminiyam kunye nabanye.

isamente aluminous kwahlukile kwayo Odnokaltsievy aluminate clinker kwi ekwakhiweni, nokumisela iimpawu eziphambili yokubopha. Kwakhona iqulethe gehlenite njengoko ukungcola zokulinganisa kunye dicalcium silicate, luphawu apho yokuqaqadeka kade.

Xa ezixutywe namanzi uqalisa ukuphilisa aluminate Odnokaltsievy. Substances akhiwa ngexesha elifanayo ukukhonza njengenxalenye izinto eqina. Ukwandisa isamente iqala ukucwangcisa emva kwemizuzu 45-60, a Ukuqinisa epheleleyo kwenzeka emva kweeyure ezili-10. Kuyenzeka ukutshintsha i ixesha isicwangciso, kongezwe accelerators (gypsum, ikalika), okanye retarders (calcium chloride, boric acid).

iimpawu

isamente Aluminous i ubuchule eliphantsi ukugqabhuza, njengoko kusekwe itshe isakhiwo irhabaxa. Ukongeza, ubukho monoaluminate hydrated cubic ikhokelela kwilahleko ubunzima ukwakheka.

Uphawu kuba izinto ubuyisela ixabiso elikhulu ubushushu esivulekayo kwiiyure embalwa yokuqala lukhuni. Lo msebenzi osemqoka uluncedo xa ekwenzeni umsebenzi eziphathekayo ebusika, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa iintlobo ngeentlobo ukuba nezakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ukwandisa isamente ezenziwe alumina, libhekisela kwinani ngezinto ezingatshiyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa izisombululo eliyinjubaqa hydraulically Ukuqina kubanjiswene ne la macandelo elinjubaqa njengoko chamotte, esikrwada, Magnesite.

Ukongeza, lo msebenzi osemqoka lisahlulayo ilitye isamente kunye ngamandla aphezulu, simisela ukumelana olululo neeoyile, ii-asidi, amanzi olwandle.

Le nto bayakwazi ukufumana ngodaka kunye ezinokwakheka ukumelana eqaphelekayo ukufuma kunye mninzi. Kodwa othambekele intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo phantsi kwempembelelo neetyuwa kwealkali Ammonium.

production

isamente Aluminous yenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: calcining phambi sintering kunye ukunyibilikisa kwibhetshi ekrwada. Kuba indlela yokugqibela kufuna yokulungiselela isigxina, ukunyibilika elandelwa okupholisa, ityumza yaye isila. indlela yokomisa oven luphawulwa amacandelo yokuqala, lokugaya entle na ukuxuba de homogenizing efanayo, yaye emva koko granulated okanye umxube olungumgubo yagxothwa ngayo amaziko kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuba umbandela lupholisiwe kwaye ungacolwanga.

Cement Stone uzuza amandla ngaphantsi nge ukwandisa lobushushu Ukuqinisa recrystallization ngenxa hydroaluminate. iimveliso yoko kwenziwa akalithobelanga phantsi ukuba esisodwa unyango eziqhumayo.

Ngaphantsi ukuqaqadeka olunzulu kwenzeka obushushu asezantsi. Ukuba ubunzima lupholisiwe ukuba amaxabiso akhabanayo bekuya kuba phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ephilisa ngamanzi, efuna ukulungiswa kweemeko lobushushu elifanelekileyo.

Iintlobo isamente aluminous

Kukho 2 iintlobo impahla: umgangatho ophezulu alumina lwesamente. Ikhethwa uphawu ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokuba imveliso iisampuli. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokungabikho zesamente izinto ekrwada yaqaphela umthamo omncinci kakhulu. Le nto ngumgubo omhle omnyama, brown okanye mnyama oluhlaza ngombala. Cement, isamente aluminous, ogama ixabiso luqala ngo engange-40 kg nganye, zipakishwe kwizikhongozeli kunye iingxowa-50 kg. Ukukwazi kumthulula ngokukhawuleza emanzini yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

isicelo

Oku kusetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente apho eziphathekayo kukuzuza amandla yoyilo ngeentsuku 1, 2 okanye 7, nangenxa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo phantsi komhlaba kunye nonxweme efuna sulphate eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukusebenza esiphakamileyo kwakhona iibhulorho kunye nezakhiwo, ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kweziseko iimoto kunye umonakalo itywina kwezothutho olwandle.

C. isamente Aluminous 40 ufumene isicelo yayo indalo yokwandisa ezaqanjwa - it is non-siyehla manzi, uya uvuleka manzi kunye nokwandisa isamente, isamente aluminous.

Iimpawu eziluncedo

Umatshini isamente Aluminous na into eqinileyo, kwaye osetyenziselwa ubushushu-resistant mortars, apho Ukuqinisa ngokukhawuleza umoya emanzini. Oku kuyilwa ngendlela entle lokusila umxube ekrwada ezinomthamo eliphezulu alumina wawutshisa ukuba ingqiqo yokulwela inguqu okanye sintering. Beqhumisa wenziwa namhlanje isikakhulu yombane okanye iziko udubulo kwi imeko yokunyibilikisa kulo. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ngokugaya oluluqilima bako ekrwada, kwaye bayakwazi ukususa dust nesinyithi.

Iindidi zemveliso zesamente aluminous Nika ukwandisa uxhathiso iikhompawundi otashi, saline, lactic acid, isalfure kwandisa luvukelo lobushushu iqondo ukuya ku 1700.

Ukongeza, impembelelo amanzi izimbiwa kuyehla ngenxa nakwenzeka ukubunjwa ikhalsiyam ukuphilisa ngokuthi zakudibana an zolwelo medium. Ukumelana sulfate umhlwa ifunyenwe ngenxa yokungabikho uhlobo tricalcium hydroaluminate. Cement obala ezinokudla kwindawo obrak, umxube wamandla magnesium sulfate kunye namajelo eendaba esebenzayo esidi.