Okukhuphela somlilo

Iziko ilungiselelwe imveliso ihagu yentsimbi. yokuqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane XV. eYurophu. ERashiya, ezikweni kwexilongo lokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1620 kufuphi Tula. Emva koko ke sibaso izitovu ezinjalo wakhonza namalahle. Kuphela leminyaka emva (1709), umsunguli IsiNgesi Abraham Derby ikwazile ukubamba lokunyibilikisa sesandi eziko, ngokubuyisela amalahle phezu coke, ilitye kunye namalahle.

Old isixhobo amava utshintsho weziko nokuphalazeka kwelifu, Iwawo imbonakalo ngokwayo ironmaking. Kodwa ezingundoqo kuhlala enye. Namhlanje udubulo somlilo - isakhiwo nama-30 m (ubude yahluka ± 5 m). Ukuphakama isakhiwo yonke inokuba ngaphezu kwe-80 m.

njani somlilo udubulo?

Esebenzisa inxalenye ephezulu (umqala) ukulayisha isigxina (agglomerate, iingqalutye, intsimbi, intsimbi manganese, amafutha kunye fluxes). Apha ngezantsi yeyam, le nxalenye inkulu ezikweni kuqhuma, nto leyo a lokudlabhuka cone. Ngenxa kule ukukhuliswa kulula ukuba ndihle izinto eziqinileyo ukwandisa umthamo xa itshiswa. Ngu emazantsi shaft bosh osecaleni (ububanzi, zezindlu). Oko zaphela isigxina. Kuba iyabiliswa, ngezantsi, zicwangciswe amagxa ezenziwe elimile cone thumbanails kunye nesiseko ezantsi lifinyele. Loo icandelo cross afanelekile kakhulu nokunciphisa umthamo ngenxa ukunyibilika izinto.

In uphondo zezindlu, inxalenye emazantsi iprofayile yi ukutshiswa coke kunye imveliso ulwelo uya kunyityilikiswa.

Horn yahlulwe kabini: ummandla eliphezulu (tuyere) nolusezantsi (metalopriemschik, apho iimveliso fusion eqokelelwe). Iziko okuthiwa ingxenye esezantsi eziko.

Ummandla tuyere amalungiselelo tuyere amabandla, apho kufakwa Ngokufutha komoya iziko (umoya osuke). Yiyo le ndawo unoxanduva ukutshiswa coke, ubushushu apha kukhula kumaxabiso azo eliphezulu - 2000 degrees. Ngaphezu lobushushu ziko phezulu ungaphantsi (ukuya degrees 350).

Kwinxalenye esezantsi ntaba yakhiwe inotshi intsimbi, isuka imitsi iimveliso nawokunyibilika - zeBlack kunye nentsimbi ngokwayo.

Ngaphambili kusetyenziswa zeBlack kwimpompo umngxuma, kodwa ukusebenza eminyaka edlulileyo iye yabonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba kugqitha zeBlack nentsimbi nenotshi uphose-yentsimbi, kunye nokwahlula ngakumbi ngaphakathi kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa engundoqo ezikufutshane eziko.

Ngu eziko hlaza kuthiwa yindlu uphose apho izixhobo ibekwe kweenkcukatha taphole nokuvala ngayo emva kokukhutshwa zeBlack kunye nesinyithi. Apha kukho emijelweni kunye emaquleni, izikhokelo ukunyibilikisa imveliso kwi emele.

Kukhululwa eziko imveliso uthunyelwa imbaleki ephambili, apho intsimbi siyahlukana zeBlack (umahluko mninzi). Ukususela emdaka kumka izisele ezimbini. Enye wathunyelwa SLAG, kwelinye icala - intsimbi. intsimbi Siphose igalelwe iifomu ngokuqhubekekayo ihamba (uhlobo yokuthutha), emva kokuba okupholisa, wabhukuqa iifomu olunye intsimbi wathumela sele iimoto. SLAG igalelwe pool, amanzi iphela, kunye pelletized.

ukuphakama iziko ngalinye lihambisana lobushushu ethile, kanye ngenxa yale metal utshintsho ukusuka ores phakathi kwemali.

Kwinxalenye esezantsi somlilo kumafutha inikezelwa isixa eyaneleyo ioksijini coke. Coke elivutha, zibe carbon dioxide, nto leyo idityaniswe i coke, iguqulela kakade carbon monoxide. Ngaphezu koko kukho yokusabela phakathi carbon monoxide kunye oxides zentsimbi. Lokubuyisa kwenzeka ukuba metal. Iron okroqiweyo carbon kunye nentsimbi ifunyenwe. Ngaphandle ezintathu ukuya kwezine ekhulwini le carbon kule ingxubevange zikho Amanani amancinci yemanganizi lesilicon, isalfure phosphorus.

Eneneni, ezikweni nokuphalazeka kwelifu, lo mgaqo esele ezichazwe apha, kungathathwa njengoko imveliso non inkunkuma-. ukuba kwenzeka inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso kaMasipala, oko zisetyenziselwa iindonga iifektri ekuveliseni ihagu yentsimbi. Le zeBlack idityaniswe nesamente, ifanele izakhiwo (njengoko ngoku ezisasazwa enamagumbi block) kunye igesi udubulo neziko engamafutha elungileyo, osuke umoya ezinikwa kwiziko udubulo.