Yintoni ukuwa komlambo kunye nolawulo lwalo? Umthamo kunye nokuwa kwemifula emikhulu yomhlaba

Ukuwa kunye nolawulo lomlambo iiparameters eziphambili ze-hydrological. Kuzo, umntu unokudala uluvo lomxholo wamanzi, uhlobo kunye nesantya sokuhamba komlambo othile. Yintoni ukuwa komlambo? Ngendlela eyiyo ukubala ukukhetha kwayo? Yintoni eyenza ulawulo lomlambo othile? Impendulo yazo yonke le mibuzo iya kuqwalaselwa kwinqaku lethu.

Hydrology and relief

Umlambo ngamnye uhlukile. Kunzima ukufumana kwimimandla emibini yamanzi, eya kuba yinto efanayo. Zihluke ngobude, umxholo wamanzi, ukuveliswa kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi, urhulumente, njalo njalo.

Ubume kunye nesantya sokugeleza komlambo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumhlaba apho uhamba khona. Kwiintaba unokubona ezinye iindawo zokuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nakwamathafeni-ahluke kakhulu. Imilambo yeentaba ithwala amanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Iziteshi zabo ziyi-stony kwaye zizele i-rapids, imvula yamanzi. Izikhukhula zivame ukuvela kwimilambo enjalo. Abanye babo baneempembelelo ezimbi.

Imilambo e-Plain, ngokuchaseneyo, ihlaziye kwaye ilinganiswe. Iziteshi zabo zigobile kwaye zihlala zizinzulu. Ukujikeleza kwexesha lokunciphisa ke kuncinci.

Ukuwa komlambo kunye neengcamango zichanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo kwezo zibonakaliso apho kunokwenzeka ukucacisa uhlobo lweenkqubo zesekhanelo zamanzi. Indlela yokubala ngayo iya kuxutyushwa kamva.

Ukuwa komlambo kunye ne-bias - yintoni na?

Zonke izitya zamanzi emhlabeni wethu ziphuma ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ngokubhekiselele kumthetho we-gravitation. Iphuzu lokuqala kwendlela yamanzi kuthiwa ngumthombo walo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuthiwa ngumlomo. Yintoni ukuwa komlambo? Yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-bias?

Ukuwa komlambo kukumahluko kumitha phakathi kokuphakama komthombo wayo kunye nokuphakama komlomo. Umthamo uyingqamaniso yokuwa kwixesha lomgangatho wamanzi. Le parameter ingabonakaliswa ngeepesenti, i-ppm, i-degrees okanye kwi-m / km.

Umthamo wemilambo ephantsi, njengomthetho, awugqithisi u-0.1-0.2 m / km (okanye i-10-20 iphem). Imifudlana yeentaba le nqondiso ingaba ngamashumi okanye mhlawumbi ngamakhulu amaxesha aphezulu. Kwezinye iigqeba, inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-mitha nganye kwikhilomitha. IiSayithi ezifanayo ziluhlu lwamathambo kunye namanzi.

Umthamo womlambo wamanzi unokuba ngumda wexesha elide okanye unqamlekileyo, xa iqela litshintshiweyo.

Unokubala njani umthamo kunye nokuwa kwamanzi?

Ngoko, yintoni ukuwa komlambo nokuphambuka kwayo, sizimisele. Kuhlala ukufumana ukuba la manani abalwa.

Bala ukuwa kunye nentlambo yomlambo kulula. Ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukwazi ezintathu kuphela: ubude obude be-watercourse, ubude bomthombo kunye nomlomo. Xa sifunde umehluko ekuphakameni (ngokupheleleyo) phakathi kwamacandelo amabini okugqibela, sithola ixabiso lokuwa. Ukuba umlambo uwela elwandle okanye ulwandle, ukuphakama okupheleleyo komlomo wakhe kufuneka kuthathwa njengomqondiso weemitha ezili-0. Umthamo womlambo ubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ixabiso lokuwa kufuneka lihlulwe lilonke ubude be-watercourse.

Masithi ukuba ubude bomlambo "X" bubungama-800 km. Umthombo wayo usekuphakameni kwe-1450 m, kwaye umlomo ungama-650 m. Ukuwa komlambo owanikwayo: 1450 m-650 m = 800 m. Kule ndlela kulandela ukuba umthamo uya kulingana no: 800 m / 800 km = 1 m / km (okanye 100 ppm).

Ulawulo lomlambo kunye nezinto eziziqwalaselayo

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lomlambo uqondwa yinkimbinkimbi yokutshintshwa kwimeko yayo, ejongwa yi geography kunye nemozulu yendawo ethile. Ezi zinguqu zinokutshatyalaliswa okanye zonyaka. Ulawulo lomlambo lubonakaliswe ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ukuhamba kunye namanzi emlanjeni.

Izigaba ezintathu eziphambili zolawulo lwamanzi lwamanzi ziquka i-meadow, amanzi aphezulu kunye nezikhukhula. Umkhukula lixesha lokunyuka kumxholo wamanzi omlambo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi kwisitishi sawo. Ukukhukhula kukunyuka okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhawuleza kumgangatho wamanzi kwimilambo ebangelwa yimvula enkulu. I-Mezhen - le nqanaba elincinci lamanzi kumzila wesigxina samanzi (esi sigaba sombuso wamanzi siboniswe ngezansi kwisithombe).

Izigaba zomlambo wamanzi omlambo (ngaphandle kwezikhukula) ziphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha elifanayo lonyaka.

Urhulumente wamanzi omlambo luxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi zendalo. Okokuqala kukho konke:

• Indawo yendawo yommandla;
• Iimeko zemozulu;
• Ubume bokubonelelwa komlambo;
• Ukuncedwa kunye nezityalo;
• Ubukho beenguqu zonyaka;
• Izinto zeAnthropogenic.

Ukuwa kunye nentlambo yemifula emikhulu yoMhlaba

Ngezantsi ixabiso le-slope kunye nokuwa kweendlela ezilishumi ezinkulu zomlambo wethu:

Ekugqibeleni

Yintoni ukuwa komlambo? Lo umehluko wokuphakama phakathi komthombo kunye nomlomo wendlela ethile yamanzi. Umthamo womlambo umlinganiselo wokuwa kwizinga lilonke. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziipalitha ezimbini, sinokugqiba ngokusingqongileyo, kunye nesantya sokuhamba komlambo othile.