Isepha yokuhlamba. isakhiwo

Wokuhlamba izitya yenzelwe ekuhlanjweni zempahla amalaphu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ngeenjongo zoshishino kunye nesempilweni. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, iye yanceda ukumelana izifo, iintwala kunye nezinye iingxaki nesempilweni. Yintoni eyenza soap namhlanje? Yintoni na neemfuno zayo composition, umgangatho nokhuseleko?

GOST 30266-95 - standard interstate zenziwa ziingcali Russian nokwenza ummandla lamazwe op: Russia, Belarus, eUkraine, Tajikistan kunye Uzbekistan. Umgangatho uchaza umda uxwebhu normative kwaye icwangcisa iimfuno zobugcisa, imigaqo ukwamkelwa, iindlela zovavanyo, iimfuno zokhuseleko, iimeko ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa, kwakunye waranti umenzi ebhalwe kwimveliso ebizwa ngokuba "isepha". Ukubunjwa igqityiwe isepha kuxhomekeke ekuqulunqweni, nto leyo isiqulatho okunamafutha asidi ezahlukeneyo. Production zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu. Isepha luyafumaneka kwiqela ngalinye kunye negama layo neentlobontlobo.

Zonke fomyula ezibonakalisa umgangatho kunye nokwakhiwa bako, nakanjani elungelelanisiweyo kunye nabasemagunyeni Gosepidnadzora. Ngaphezu koko, GOST 30266-95, icandelo 4.3 ikhankanya iimfuno ukuya feedstock kunye nezinto (icandelo iqulathe igama kunye neenkcukacha iimveliso enokusetyenziswa kwimveliso), ukusuka apho ukuvelisa isepha. nokubunjwa kwayo wahlala ayitshintshanga, kwaye imbalelwano umgangatho aqinisekiswe ngumvelisi isithuba ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukususela kumhla wokwenziwa. iimfuno Standard kufuneka ngokungqongqo iqatshelwe imveliso, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthengiswa.

In a imivalo eqinileyo ebuxande ukuvelisa iimpahla isepha. Ukubunjwa imveliso yokugqibela isiqulatho okunamafutha acid ukusukela kuma-64 ukuya ku-72%:

- ngokuba iqela lokuqala - nge-70.5% ne-72%;

- ngokuba iqela lesibini - 69%;

- kuba iqela lesithathu - 64%.

Izinto ezisisiseko okrwada okunamafutha acid ezahlukeneyo (technical, isilwanyana okanye eyingozi), umzekelo, okunamafutha asidi amafutha yemifuno (zikajongilanga, iimbotyi zesoya okanye cotton). Wavuma njenge ekrwada izinto ku tswala isepha kuqala yaye iqela lesibini neoli yesundu okunamafutha acid, isihloko edulusele kuluhlu ukususela 44 ukuya kuma-48 ° C, okunamafutha asidi lwesilwanyana fat ezityiwayo iTeknoloji imthetho 1866-89. fatty elisetyenzisiwe kunye nezinye, ukusetyenziswa leyo evumela GOST 30266-95 ukuze iqela ngalinye isepha. Izinto ezingundoqo isetyenziswe saponification le acid okunamafutha yi Isoda zobugcisa abuhlungu njengoko GOST 2263-79.

isepha jikelele kunye nearhente zokucoca i isepha. Ukubunjwa feedstock kunye nobuchwepheshe nemveliso nokuqinisekisa ukususwa elungileyo kokungcola nawuphi na umgangatho. Indlela iphawulwa eliphezulu (pH 11 ukuya kwele-12) ngu balance obrak. Isepha na iipropati kakhulu antibacterial. Ngoko ke, lisetyenziswa ukulwa nezifo ezosulelayo. isepha solution Usulelo kuthambisa inxenye engaphandle la mabinzana ngeempumlo, ukuxukuxa amazinyo, liphathwe kolusu, kunye mame, oogqirha bacebisa ahlambe ukuncancisa iintsana. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba lo isepha ngaphezu kwaso kwaye ethandwa brand aliqela eziluncedo: yinto ngokupheleleyo nolusu kwaye akukho esingenakubangela naliphi na negazi, nkqu nabantwana.

Imvelo imveliso friendly ithathwa isepha lokuhlamba. yakheke nokhuseleko kwaqinisekisa nokwamkelwa imveliso ogqityiweyo. imithetho Acceptance (icandelo 6 GOST 30266-95 kunye GOST 790-89) ukucwangcisa izinga lesansi ulawulo, iindlela zovavanyo kunye nemfuneko isatifikethi yogunyaziso, apho ukulawula luyasetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo ukhuseleko iisepha ukuba isiseko etyebileyo. Phambi ukuthunyelwa umsebenzisi kwibhetshi nganye zihlolelwe uthotyelo ezineempawu organoleptic (umbala, ivumba, texture), walinganisa amaqhezu ubunzima okunamafutha acid kunye ezamahala kwealkali, kunye nezinye iimpawu esemgangathweni. isepha yokuhlamba kuthengiswa ngokuthobela kunye nomgangatho.