Sobulumko - yinto umsebenzi okanye isimo sengqondo?

Le ifilosofi ekhoyo kuzo zonke ubomi bomntu. Nabani na onako ukucinga - nokuba non-zobungcali, kodwa sobulumko. Cinga nje ukuba zingaphi izihlandlo ebomini bakho ukhe wacinga kutheni apho kunjalo, mangaphi amaxesha iingcinga wangena nzulu undoqo le okanye elo gama, amanyathelo inkqubo. Kakade ke, abaninzi. Ngoko ke yintoni na bulumko? Ngoobani zobulumko edumileyo, ngubani waseka sonke isikolo ingcamango?

Yintoni ifilosofi?

Philosophy - igama lakhe inkcazelo lunakho ukunikezelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki indlela ndicinge nto, nangoku sifikelela kwisigqibo ukuba ulwazi oluthile okanye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, xa efunda ubulumko. Kwaye kulo mzekelo,-sobulumko - isikhokelo isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kwale nzululwazi namabinza yayo.

Ukuthetha ulwimi isayensi, inkcazelo yegama elithi 'intanda "Kuloko ulwazi yinyani esingqongileyo, yaye baxhomekeke kuthi. Nje khangela etymology yegama elithi "ifilosofi" - kwaye kucaca ukuba lithetha ntoni. Eli gama livela kwisiGrike kwaye ubunjwe abanye ababini: «philia» (kunye c φιλία - «uthando kunye nomnqweno".) Yaye «Nozipho» (kunye c σοφία - «ubulumko».). Oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba intanda - luthando okanye ukufuna ubulumko.

Kunjalo kuba umxholo ejongene bulumko - Philosophy. Malunga lowo, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo.

Ngubani na sobulumko?

Eli binzana liye kuthi, njengoko kwakusele ngokucacileyo, ukususela Greece yamandulo kwaye bubonakala BC 5-6 leminyaka. Ebudeni eminyaka zokuguqulwa yayo ukusetyenziswa akazange abe kuyo, yaye ilizwi likwaze intsingiselo yayo yoqobo kule fom yokuqala.

Ngokusekelwe ingqiqo ka "intanda", sobulumko - ngumntu ibandakanyeka ukukhangela inyaniso nokuqonda ihlabathi kunye nezixhobo zalo.

Ngo-magama ecacisiweyo uyakwazi ukufumana ukutyhilwa ilandelayo gama: indoda-nzulu ngezinto, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo na isifundo, uyilo kunye nokuboniswa nezimaphambili ezingundoqo-bulumko.

Omnye ke, ukucaciswa kwe binzana kubizwa zilandelayo: sobulumko - yinto ngamnye, nto leyo indlela yayo yokucinga usebenza kwisikolo esithile bulumko, ukwabelana ngezimvo zakhe kunye nobomi ngako kubo.

Imvelaphi wefilosofi sobulumko lokuqala

Kukholelwa ukuba umntu wokuqala lowo baqalisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "sobulumko", lo sobulumko yamaGrike yamandulo kaPythagoras kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6. Kungenxa yokuba kwakuyimfuneko kokwaba abantu ngolwazi ngokweendidi ezimbini: izilumko, "kungekhona sisilumko". I-sobulumko yokuqala koko waluthethelela imbono yokuba sobulumko ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba kwesilumko, kuba kuqala kufuna kuphela ukuba ndibazi ubulumko, kwaye eyesibini - nguye sele esazi naye.

imisebenzi kaPythagoras Musa basindileyo, ngoko ke ixesha lokuqala ephepheni, igama elithi "sobulumko" ifumaneka kwimibhalo Heraclitus kunye uPlato.

Ukusuka Greece yamandulo, apho inzululwazi ekuqaleni eyahlukileyo akakho ingqiqo kukubi West kunye East. Ifilosofi apha itshitshisiwe kunqulo, inkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko.

Le zefilosofi edume

Filosofovedy amaninzi akathandi bakholelwa ukuba abantu abafuna ukwazi ukuba umntu omnye ukuba sonwabe, kuba oko bulumko. Olu ludwe kuba elide kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba phezu kwalo lonke ihlabathi, nokuba nefilosofi ngokuzimeleyo yokumpompoza omnye komnye. Ngaphandle koku, kukho izinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ezifana kwintanda-bulumko eMpuma West.

Phakathi zobulumko zokuqala enjalo kakuhle ezaziwa emile eminyaka edlulileyo, abantu abafana Pythagoras, Buddha, uPlato, uSocrates kunye uSeneca, uAristotle, UConfucius Lao Tzu, Mark Avrely, Plotinus, Dzhordano Bruno, Omar Khayyam kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ngenkulungwane 17-18, evelele inkoliso i Petro Mohyla, Feofan Prokopovich Grigoriy Skovoroda - kuba zobulumko ababehlala waza wafunda eyona ubomi eRashiya. Iinkcuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngakumbi - Helena Petrovna Blavatsky kunye uNikolay Konstantinovich Rerih.

Njengoko ubona, kungekuphela nje iinkcuba kodwa zezibalo, amagqirha, abalawuli kunye neengcaphephe ubhetyebhetye baba zobulumko kuqala. Uluhlu zobulumko ezaziphila nayo ebanzi kakhulu. Yokuba namhlanje okuninzi ngaphezu kwakunjalo kumaxesha amandulo, kwaye aziwa ngaphantsi kakuhle, kodwa kukwakho ebonakalayo ukuphuhlisa nokuhambisa iingcinga zabo.

Namhlanje abantu abanjalo Jorge Angel Livraga, Daniyeli Dennett, uPetros Singer, Zhak Derrida (umfanekiso), Alasder Makintayr, Zhan Bodriyyar, alen Badyu, Slavoj Zizek, uPierre Klossowski, uKarl Popper, Hans Georg Gadamer, Claude Levi-Strauss, Susan Blackmore kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Philosophy njengendlela yokuphila msebenzi

Ngaphambili, igama elithi "sobulumko" libhekisela umntu kwisikolo ethile kunye neemfundiso zayo, kodwa ngoku sobulumko - kukwayinto entle umsebenzi zingafumaneka kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi. Kuba oku amandla ukuvulwa ezizodwa kunye namasebe. Namhlanje uyakwazi ukufumana sobulumko idiploma.

Iinzuzo mfundo nje kuphela ukuba umntu efunda ukuba sicamngce kakuhle kwaye ngokunzulu, ukufumana iindlela zobuchule ngaphandle zeemeko, ukusombulula iingxaki, kwaye ngakumbi. Kwakhona, umntu onjalo aqonde ngokwakhe nezinye iinkalo ezininzi zobomi njengoko ulwazi olusisiseko kunye nokuqonda kwehlabathi yena (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi).

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba mveliso abaninzi bezinye iintlanga ngoku wonwabile ukuthatha zefilosofi kunye neengcali abatsha kule ndawo ukusebenza, ingakumbi, ukusebenza kunye nabantu, ngenxa yezizathu ngasentla.