Oro - umthi yimvula okanye ityholwana? Inkcazelo, indawo yokuhlala. Oro - ukufa umthi

Speech apha ohamba ngalo eyoyikekayo umthi umntu-ukutya, ngokufuthi ivela kwilivo ezininzi lidala kwaye nkqu nangaphezulu imvakalelo kwiphephandaba mihla. Botany, bahlola kakhulu ngenyameko iikona ingafikeleleki kwaye ezisemaphandleni le uMhlaba, akayenzanga nto eyoyikekayo, ngengqiqo, njengoko echazwe kwi imisebenzi.

Kweli nqaku siza ncokola malunga nokuba ingaba kukho ngenene Oro umthi, apho likhula yaye ziziphi iinkalo yayo.

izityalo Homeland - i-East, India kunye Malay Archipelago.

A bit yomlando

Ngokuba lo mthi kudala kuzinziswa udaba ayilunganga kakhulu. Ku kudala babecinga ukuba oro - ". Emthini yokufa"

Umyalezo yokuqala Ancharov yashicilelwa 1783 kwiphephancwadi London kunye namazwi i eliNgesi, babesebenza ugqirha kwisiqithi Java. Baxelelwa ukuba, ngokutsho amarhe asekuhlaleni, lo mthi inetyhefu kangangokuba ngeenxa umgama weekhilomitha ezingama-15 zonke eziphilileyo ngeento uyafa. Kwaye ngaphandle, yokuba kuveliswe le ubuthi nenani ukufa (it yayiveliswa ikakhulu igweba). Kwathi kanti loo ulwazi ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo, kodwa umfanekiso 'ukufa umthi "liye ukususela wahlala phakathi bafundi lihanjiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko Oro waba kaHomer.

Kunye G. Rumpf (yezityalo Dutch) uzuko embi wongezelela umthi. Lowo wathunyelwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII kweli thanga (Makassar), ukuze ufumanise ukuba ndityale inzalelwane onika ityhefu, abathi bawasebenzise yityhefu iintolo. Rumpf kangangeminyaka eli-15 wayeloba nje ulwazi oluyimfuneko kuye evela kubahlali balapha. Ekugqibeleni, isiphumo yaba ingxelo umthi abekwa eziyityhefu.

Oro - umthi, leyo Iimbongi ezininzi baye banikezela iivesi zazo (umzekelo, AS Pushkin).

Kamva, isityalo emangalisayo sele kufundwe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Nkqu abaphandi yokuqala, owayesazi malunga amabali ezingalunganga kwi "emthini yokufa", ezachatshazelwa kanobom ngenxa yokuba nentaka ungakhathaliyo kwaye ekhululekile ehleli phezu amasebe yale sityalo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye kwacaca ukuba amasebe kunye nezinye iinxalenye umthi azinabungozi abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Eyingozi kuphela ijusi aqukuqela ukusuka kwindawo nandzu. Kumaxesha amandulo inzalelwane baye basebenzisa intlaka ityhefu ukwenza amafutha yotolo senzelwe iintshaba.

Namhlanje, nale sityalo akusayi kusebenza definition oboyikisayo "umthi ukufa." Kwaye kukhangeleka ngathi oro emthini? Oku phambili kancinane kweli nqaku.

Oro (imithi): Inkcazo

Oro - a sodidi zezityalo (yebhalsam usapho), ukubayinxalenye imithi evergreen okanye amatyholo. Kubonakala ukuba sisizalwane esisondeleyo yebhalsam kunye komkhiwane. Kukho ezinye iintlobo enetyhefu Anchar.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zombini ukubonakala kunye nokusingqongileyo nokukhula kwalo mthi ayikho efana noko thaca kulo mbongo elidumileyo.

Kukho kwi nohlobo konwele treelike konwele, edla imilo umthi kunye esinamaqhuqhutye, i welding neenkuni kakhulu okuqinileyo. Ifumaneka kwi ezintabeni yemihlaba ezilulwalwa namatye, apho kukho nto idla ngokuba kungekho luhlaza ekhula. Esi sityalo ayikho ezinobuhlungu, kodwa ukhangela engaqhelekanga abaMhlophe. Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba imbongi abanokuzibhidanisa izityalo ezimbini okanye wajoyina nje waza wanikela ngohlobo komthi eyoyikekayo, ithwele ukufa.

Ukuphakama neyi esihlahleni oro kweemitha ezi-40. Crohn ezincinane, elirhangqiweyo, kunye ezilula kushiya ubude ngeesentimitha eziyi-10-20.

Iintyatyambo waba encinane, kuxinana kuthinteleke babehlanganisene inflorescences kunye ndithe khunubembe ngeenxa engenamqheba.

Stem iqulathe fruitlets ezincinane ezininzi, ehleli asondelelene kakhulu nokuba perianth wayo zimnandi.

izakhiwo

Oro - umthi equlathe zabo juice amagqabi, leyo xa ukubetha emzimbeni angavela kuphela ithumba esikhumbeni. Antiarin ityhefu inamandla zingafumaneka kuphela neyanamhlanje eyodwa ijusi ancharnogo (igama zenzululwazi zomthi - "antiaris"). Nje bendawo eziphethwe yi nendlela mveliso ityhefu elide ngaphezu kweveki.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, nangona nje ukuba igama elihle kakhulu umthi, abantu balapha ngokubanzi isebenzisa ixolo yayo zamafu amahle kakhulu elastic besinxibo iikhaphethi. Neengcibi luvelise laphu ashinyeneyo emhlophe ofanelekileyo iibhulukhwe zokuthunga kunye neehempe.

Malunga lomculi

Igama layo generic (Antiaris toxicaria) yaqanjwa engumFrentshi uJacques Lesheno (mhambi, semvelo kunye yezityalo). Wachaza isityalo.

Ngolwimi le Isi-Javanese Oro - nto iyityhefu.

Enyanisweni yona nto eyoyikekayo, amabali, umthi wayemde yaye intle, zintshula kwiziqithi Malay Archipelago, kodwa ubukhulu becala kuqhelekile kwi Java.

Kangangexesha elide, esi sityalo bobabo kusapho umba.

yokuhlala

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ekweleenjiko kufuneka, njengoko kuchaziwe umbongo "ndililolo ikhula" kwi Sands imithi. Yintoni elinemvula? Le iseti ezinezityalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, imithi, entwined idiliya ezahlukeneyo. Oro entlango lungakhuli, kokukhona umhlaba akufuneki Ungayami kuye. Ukhula kwindawo wahlobana nezinye izityalo, olukuye akukho ndlela abachaphazelekayo. Noko ke, ezinye "intlambo ukufa" ungaphakathi Java, eyakhiwa uluhlu iimveliso yomsebenzi mlilo kwezi ndawo (sulphur umphunga kunye carbon dioxide). Oro Pushkin Mhlawumbi lalikhula phakathi kwenye yezi iintili?

Zezityalo hlanganyela iintlobo ezininzi ezikhulayo Anchar e-India, kwisiqithi Sri Lanka yaye lonke Malaysia (incindi njengamasi Anchar kwezi ndawo yityhefu kakhulu), ukuya kutsho Philippine Islands. oro ezingenabo ( "ingxowa umthi") kwabazalelwe eIndiya. ixolo entsha isetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhegi eziluqilima izinto.

isicelo

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, akumenzi oro yingozi. Le juice kuba ayityhefu. Kwaye phantse zonke zenyathi ayo abo, iyingozi oro. Yaba bendawo yakhe ijusi Java ityhefu yotolo. ijusi Anchar ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kunye neentolo tyhefu for "sarbakana" (umoya umbayimbayi), yaye abo benza loo nezokukhupha yejusi, ngokulula ubunzima.

Yad Makube (okanye kungalelwa Boa kwaye ziyintsikelelo-kungalelwa) - juice njengamasi, leyo xa Yek kunye antiarin utywala ifunyenwe kwaziwa. Le iyityhefu kakhulu, nto leyo crystallizes wazinqunqa ezingenambala okhanyayo izityalo.

Kukho olunye lwama - Oro Bennett, zintshula kwisiqithi Vitu kunye equlathe ngendlela emangalisayo iziqhamo ngedayi carminic zabo. ixolo waso kakhulu Imicu bast eyenza ngezandla. Kwakhona kubo ukwenza iibhegi eCeylon kunye East Indies.

Iimpawu senyoka

Nokuba phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII, iyityhefu eyenziwe ancharnogo incindi njengamasi ebizwa ngokuba "aseMacassar" yaba yinxalenye uqokelelo British Museum (London), yaye emva koko kwinkulungwane XIX sele uphando kunye nokwakheka eekhemikhali kuyo.

Uvavanyo antiarin - glycoside, kufutshane glycosides digitalis kunye nezinye glycosides zezityalo kwentliziyo, ngokukhawuleza echaphazela imisipha intliziyo. Kukho juice iityhefu Anchar enye, kodwa ngaphantsi bafundele.

isiphelo

oro aguquke. Oku kungenxa uphando olunzulu.

A lot of ixesha sele idlule, phambi kokuba umthi iyakwazi ukuhlola ngokucokisekileyo yaye yokususa ingcinga embi ephosakeleyo ngaye. Ukhupha senyoka kumaxesha amandulo concelebrated embi, inkonzo mfiliba, kodwa kukho kulo mthi kwaye iluncedo, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.

Ngenxa yoko, Oro alaqhenqetha ukufa engeenxa zonke kuyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ecaleni kwakhe akhule kakuhle kwaye okwentyatyambo imidiliya emangalisayo, imithi kunye nezinye izityalo.