Isilinda, indawo cylinder

Isilinda (livela kwisiGrike, ukususela amagama "mqengqeleki", "mqengqeleki") - umzimba yokubala echazwe yi kumphezulu ngaphandle ekuthiwa zezindlu, kwaye iinqwelo-moya ezimbini. Ezi moya yabanikazi imilo komhlaba kwaye ingqamene omnye komnye.

A indawo zezindlu - indawo leyo ocinga ukuba ifunyenwe isindululo translational umgca ngqo emajukujukwini. Ezi ntshukumo kangangokuba kwindawo ekhethiweyo lomgca ngqo yenza intshukumo ecaleni kwigophe lohlobo flat. Le umgca othe ngqo ibizwa ngokuba wenkunkuma, kodwa egopheni - sikhokelo.

Isilinda siqulathe iperi iziseko kunye zezindlu kumphezulu lateral. Iisilinda ziza ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. ISetyhula, nesilinda ngqo. Xa isiseko lombhobho kwaye nkqo ukuya generatrix umgca sikhokelo, kwaye i-axis macala.

2. Le isilinda bethana. It engile ephakathi okuvelisa umgca umhlaba ayikho elula.

3. Cylinder oluthile. Itanjenti, okweqanda, ezizekelisayo, kunye nabanye.

Ummandla lombhobho, kwaye ummandla opheleleyo umphezulu cylinder nganye ufumaneka ngokudibanisa iindawo neziseko mzobo kunye kwindawo umphezulu ecaleni.

Ifomula ukuba ibala indawo lilonke lombhobho ukuba isetyhula, nesilinda ngqo:

SP = RH + 2n 2n 2n R2 = R (h + R).

indawo umphezulu lateral kufunwa kancinci intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo yonke indawo lombhobho, ibalwe phinda ubude kumgca esivelisa kwi-kujikelezo icandelo cross ezenziwa-moya apho aa Incopho kumgca generatrix kulo.

Le ndawo itankana setyhula umphezulu, itankana ekunene zaqatshelwa scan into.

Scan - uxande othe h ubude kunye P ubude, leyo ilingana lokubiyela isiseko.

Oku kuthetha ukuba le ndawo osecaleni lombhobho uyalingana kwindawo ukuskena kwaye ibalwa ngokwale ndlela:

WO = Ph.

Ukuba uthatha setyhula, njengesilinda ngqo, ngoko kuye:

P = 2n R, kunye WO = 2n RH.

Xa lombhobho ukuthambeka, ummandla kumphezulu icala kufuneka ilingane imveliso ubude bemigca bayo generator kunye necandelo umnqamlezo yomjikelezo apho aa lo mgca imali.

Ngelishwa, akukho nto ayikho indlela elula ngokuvakalisa indawo umphezulu osecaleni lombhobho ithambekele ngokusebenzisa ukuphakama kwayo kunye parameters kwesiseko salo.

Ukubala indawo icandelo cylinder, kufuneka uyazi iinyaniso ezimbalwa. Ukuba icandelo umnqamlezo noseko lwalo moya iqabele, umnqamlezo-candelo kusoloko uxande. Kodwa ezi amaxande ziya kuba ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo sikhundla. Elinye icala icandelo yezihlunu lo mzobo, leyo aa Incopho isiseko elingana ubude, kunye nezinye - ubukhulu be isiseko lombhobho. A indawo yecandelo enjalo, ngokulandelelana, lilingana imveliso elinye icala elide ukuya kwenye, aa Incopho kowokuqala, okanye imveliso omphakamo inani ukuya sangqa nesiseko saso.

Ukuba icandelo emnqamlezweni nkqo ngokomfanekiso isiseko, kodwa lingadluli esqwini ujikelezo, indawo yeli candelo iya kulingana imveliso ukuphakama lombhobho, kunye usinga ethile. Ukuze ufumane Isingqi, kuyimfuneko ukwakha isangqa kwi emazantsi kwirediyasi cylinder ukubamba kunye nesihamba ngayo kude, nto leyo umbono yecandelo. Kwaye kule ndawo udinga aa Incopho kwirediyasi ukusukela kwisiphambuka se- wesangqa. Amanqaku kuhlangana ezidibene embindini. A isiseko lo nxantathu - ke ofunekayo imisindo, ubude apho kufunwa yi na theorem kaPythagoras. Le theorem kaPythagoras ngu: "Le udibaniso lwezikweri zonke ooxhongo ababini lilingana hypotenuse ophindwe":

C2 = A2 + B2.

Ukuba icandelo aluchaphazeli isiseko lombhobho kunye lombhobho ngokwawo, kunye umgca setyhula, indawo yeli candelo Umnqamlezo njengommandla wesangqa.

Ummandla isangqa ilingana:

S eses. 2n = R2.

Ukuze ufumane umgama wesangqa R, kuyimfuneko ukuba bazohlule ubude C 2n:

R = C \ 2n, apho n - pi, njalo zemathematika ubalwe ngenxa data kwaye circumferentially ngokulinganayo 3.14.