Isisombululo Electrolysis: inkcazelo, ukusetyenziswa

Wabiza inkqubo electrolysis, luphawulwa iipropati redox malunga izinto usemthethweni neetyuwa kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezikhoyo baphele okanye isisombululo, ngokuwisa umsinga wombane kubo.

Ngokusebenzisa electrolysis ukuze ziveliswe isinyithi kunye nonmetals, esibonakala iqondo eliphezulu ntumbuluko chemical. Le basabela luphawulwa lula nokufikeleleka, ukuba Kuyakwazeka kukhombisa ekhaya. Oku kuya kufuna umthombo ngoku rhoqo zombane, iperi electrode kunye electrolyte azilungiselela. Eyona nto ezisisiseko electrolytes kukuba nako kwabo ukuqhuba ombane.

Ukwahlula electrolysis izisombululo kunye inyibilika of iityuwa, kwi ukufana iyonke ukuba babe eziliqela umahluko omkhulu. Ekwenzeni electrolysis kwezisombululo, kufuneka ucinge inxaxheba kule nkqubo yaye unako kuphela. Electrolysis of inyibilika luphawulwa bubukho kuphela mongo ion.

Ukuze ufumane imveliso efunekayo (nokuba metal, igesi, okanye naliphi na non-metal) ukuba anyamekele Ukukhethwa electrode kunye nolungiselelo electrolyte achaphazelekayo afanelekileyo.

Izinto kuba electrode ayanceda nokuba umqhubi we yangoku yombane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, sebenzisa isinyithi, aluminiyamu, phakathi nonmetal zentsebenzo njengento electrode unako ukubonisa iintonga grafayithi (carbon). nezisombululo zeteknoloji inqabile kakhulu, kodwa eyaziwayo, apho ukuba i electrode zokufunda ulwelo.

Yonke into ilungele ukuphumeza electrolysis izisombululo yetyuwa. I electrode HIV kuthiwa anode. Kuba isiqu electrode ezimbi angathatyathwa - le cathode. Ngokusebenzisa isisombululo electrolysis, i anode oxidized (lichithakale), kwaye cathode ubuye. Kubalulekile ukuba "ukunyibilika" le anode akabanga nafuthe inkqubo yemichiza yenzeka isisombululo (zinyibilika). Kungenjalo - imeko esisiseko anode yi inertness wayo. Kungakuhle zingenziwa platinum, kodwa grafayithi (carbon) anodes nazo kakhulu.

Kuba cathode uya ilingane phantse nasiphi ipleyiti yesinyithi (ayiyi ukuluhlakaza). Copper, nobhedu, carbon (grafayithi), zinc, intsimbi, cathodes aluminiyam ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino mihla.

Ngokusebenzisa izisombululo electrolysis ekhaya, ezintweni phantse izinto ezilahliweyo zingafumaneka ezifana ioksijini, chlorine, hydrogen, nobhedu, okanye asidi kwealkali, nesalfure. Musa kakubi yemifuniselo chlorine - kuba ayityhefu!

Kuba imveliso ioksijini yehayidrojini kufuneka phantsi isisombululo electrolysis yesoda yokubhaka (indlela - yesoda uthuthu). Kufutshane electrode "+" (anode) uyazimela ngokohlobo ioksijini amadlu kwi cathode ( "-") - hydrogen. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba kutheni wobuyiselo hydrogen kwenzeka endaweni sodium njengoko ingafumaneka impendulo iya kuthathwa: kolu thotho Na metal xi usele H2, ngokulandelelana, kukhuphiswano lwe ukuse- ezimbini hydrogen wawahlula sodium. Kulo mzekelo indlela abasabela ngayo, siye sabona isicombululo electrolysis, enyanisweni, wajika waya electrolysis le isinyibilikisi (amanzi).

Ukusebenzisa njengoko isicombululo electrolyte of sulfate sobhedu, sinokuyifumana xa cathode uqweqwe emnyama ebomvu, nto leyo metal enyulu, kwakhona ngobhedu.

Ngokutsho iziphumo experimenti ezimbini electrolysis ungenza ezinye nentetho equkayo. anode Positive iba yindawo ukufunyanwa anions, kuzo zombini ezi meko zingasentla kuqwalaselwa, kwafumaniseka ukuba abe ioksijini. Ngelo cathode, Nokubuyiselwa ukuse- hydrogen ndizilingile amalinge ethu - kwimeko yokuqala, ubhedu - elinesibini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuse- ezi metal okanye hydrogen, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ukuze babuye kuba non-isinyithi kunye neegesi. Igcwala isimo i element ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ekuphulukenwe nalo.